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The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal protection for consumers in the inclusion of food labels according to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection. This research is an empirical juridical research. This research framework departs from the conception of the law on consumer protection which contains legal protection for consumers in the inclusion of food labels according to Law No. 8 on consumer protection. This research is an empirical juridical research on five resource persons. The data is analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. Based on the results of the research, the criteria for food label violations according to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection are label falsification, false information, expiration, incomplete labels, inappropriate quality, unsubstantial health claims, illegal labels, lack of compliance with regulations, and health hazards. Legal protection for consumers in food labeling violations according to Law No. 8/1999 on consumer protection, which aims to protect the rights and interests of consumers and encourage healthy and fair business practices. Violation of this law can result in legal action and sanctions against business actors who violate consumer rights. If you have a problem or dispute as a consumer, you can utilize the mechanisms provided in this Act to protect consumer rights.

According to the Association of Indonesian Internet Service Providers, internet network users in Indonesia have increased. This increase in internet network users occurred in various places such as Atambua City, East Nusa Tenggara. Based on data from PT Telkom Indonesia, the Atambua branch, there was an increase in 1000 IndiHome internet users from 2019-2020. However, the increasing number of internet network users in Indonesia, the more cases that harm consumers, so a legal protection is needed. The formulation of the problem in this study is how to practice legal protection against IndiHome internet network users for internet network disturbances at PT Telkom Indonesia Atambua Branch and how the responsibility of PT Telkom Indonesia Atambua branch in dealing with internet network disturbances experienced by IndiHome network users. The research method used by the author in this research is a type of empirical juridical research. The results of this study indicate that PT Telkom Indonesia Atambua Branch has provided legal protection to IndiHome service users through a subscription contract signed by both parties and a form of legal protection that is provided preventively and repressively. The form of responsibility given by PT Telkom Indonesia Atambua Branch adheres to the principle of absolute responsibility or strict liability. The advice that the author can give is to PT Telkom Indonesia Atambua Branch the legal protection provided must be maximized again because in the subscription contract there are several consumer or customer rights that are not listed.

Ulayat rights are the highest control rights of customary law communities covering all land as well as those included in certain regional environments. Customary law looks at societyas the best place to live together where people view their fellow human beings as common goals. This type of research is a type of library research.which relies on study and study of texts. This is done because of the data sources used is in the form of literature data. Customary rights are rights to land owned by the community customary law before the UUPA was created, which can be converted into land rights. Respect and protection of the legal community and its rights are protected nationally, especially in Article 3 UUPA and Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution were amended. The Position of Land in Customary Law In customary law, land has a very important position. In the development process Currently, it is very important for indigenous peoples to participate in development activities.The public has the right to provide verbal and written input in the preparation processor discussion of draft laws and plans for regional regulations.

The increasing public interest in using the paylater feature on the Shopee application is still increasing and quite a few people do not understand their rights and obligations in using this feature. In order to provide certainty and protection for users and business actors, regulations are needed for paylater service providers. This research was created to analyze the form of agreement that arises in the implementation of sales and purchases using the Shopee Paylater feature, including the legal relationship between the parties to the transaction. The panel research method used is normative juridical which examines only library data or secondary data, which includes primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. According to existing research results, the agreements that occur in Shopee Paylater transactions with users based on the analysis of Article 1313 of the Civil Code do not conflict and this agreement is valid as explained in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. This agreement can occur in transactions which are standard agreements, namely agreements where the existing terms and conditions have been regulated unilaterally by the agreement provider. The standard agreement contained in the agreement in this paylater feature is regulated in Article 1319 of the Civil Code. The legal relationship between the parties concerned is PT. Commerce Finance as a creditor with Shopee Paylater consumers as a debtor based on a loan agreement as stated in Article 1754 of the Civil Code. The legal relationship that exists between PT. Commerce Finance with PT. LDN which is the giver of power of attorney and recipient of power of attorney. This of course makes PT. LDN has the right to distribute funds to the relevant Shopee Paylater users.

Franchising is a business system carried out by two parties, namely the Franchisor and the Franchisee, in which the Franchisor grants license rights to the Franchisee based on the Agreement. This Franchise Agreement is a legal basis that is made in writing. In order for a business to be said to be a franchise, it must follow the criteria specified in the regulations, one of which is registering the prospectus of the franchise agreement and ownership of the Franchise Registration Certificate. However, in reality, in this case Neynis Food, has not registered its business with the state, but has claimed itself as a business that opens a franchise. Therefore, the author conducts research to obtain an overview of the legal consequences that occur if the Franchisor does not register its franchise and legal protection for Franchisees. This paper is made using the normative juridical research method. This research is conducted by investigating secondary data, which means that this research examines the laws that apply to society and their implementation in practice. The results of the research on this issue show how the implementation of Indonesian laws and regulations on franchising practices in Indonesia and it is known that the Neynis Food business cannot be qualified as a franchise, and if it continues to claim itself as a franchise, then the business can be said to be illegal because it does not fulfill the elements of franchising regulated in Permendag 71 of 2019.

Smart City has become an important goal in urban development throughout the world, including in Tanjungpinang City. The government has a crucial role in realizing this Smart City vision. This research aims to understand the role of the government in achieving transformation towards a Smart City in Tanjungpinang City, as well as its impact on public services and the quality of life of the community. This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and document analysis as data collection methods. The research results show that the Tanjungpinang City government has played an important role in realizing a Smart City through various initiatives, such as the use of information technology, more efficient public services, better data management, and development of supporting infrastructure. The impact of this government effort is to increase accessibility, security and quality of life for the community. However, there are still several challenges that need to be overcome, including the public's lack of understanding about Smart Cities, the sustainability of Smart City projects, and the protection of personal data. Therefore, the government needs to continue to act as a facilitator, service provider and regulator to ensure that the transformation towards a Smart City in Tanjungpinang City runs well. This research provides insight into the government's role in realizing a Smart City in Tanjungpinang City, as well as the challenges that must be faced. The results of this research can be a reference for the government and other stakeholders in efforts to achieve the goal of a more sustainable and inclusive Smart City.

The aims of this research are: to know and understand the juridical analysis of the cancellation of land certificates by judges in the city of Gorontalo and to know and understand the judge's considerations regarding the cancellation of land certificates from an administrative perspective. The method used in this research is normative legal research obtained through literature study and primary data obtained in the field. This research took place at the Gorontalo City District Court. The results obtained from this research are that land is a requirement to achieve legal certainty and legal protection of land rights. Conditions for achieving legal certainty and legal protection of land rights. Land registration not only functions to protect the owner, but also functions to find out the status of the land plot, who the owner is, what rights they have, how big it is, what it is used for and so on. In this different legal position, the legal assessment by the judge becomes different, where the sale and purchase deed has the position of assessing the law of the agreement and is subject to the terms of the validity of the agreement, and if it is made illegally the sale and purchase deed can be canceled by the district court. 

Occasionally, one of the parties involved in the client-wedding organizer company's cooperation agreement will decide to back out of the deal. Specifically, from Article 1446 to Article 1456, KUHPerdata acknowledges and regulates the agreement's termination. But you can't just terminate any old agreement; you have to follow the rules laid out in Article 1320 KUHPerdata.An organization in the service sector, the wedding organizer helps engaged couples or soon-to-be-weds, together with their families, with every step of the wedding preparation and celebration process. Our study's overarching goal is to learn who exactly is at fault when a client and wedding planning company decide to end their cooperation arrangement. This study employed the normative legal research approach, also known as normative juridical research. This research employs legal resources, such as KUHPerdata and Law Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection, to undertake qualitative analysis of the data. First and foremost, according to the research, the laws specified in Articles 1446–1456 of KUHPerdata and Articles 5 and 7 of Law Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection establish the basis for accountability. Second, the debtor is not liable for compensation under Article 1244 of KUHPerdata and Article 1245 of the Force Majeure clause of the contract, which absolves the debtor of such liability. In addition, the twenty percent client reimbursement policy is just that a policy of the company.

Low Back Pain (LBP) has long been recognized as the only musculoskeletal condition that adversely affects more than three adults in daily life, known as the second skeletal ganglion. Hot Stone Massage uses bones that have been trained to be used as a means of relaxing muscles, ligaments and tendons. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of Hot Stone Massage in reducing pain in LBP sufferers. The research method used is a literature review approach, by searching for references using the PICO method on the Google Scholar database over a period of 10 years. Results: From the 3 journals studied, Hot Stone Massage had an effect on reducing pain in patients suffering from LBP, with temperature intensity >38°C and p-value p<0.05 showing a significant effect. Conclusion: The use of hot stone therapy also reduces the amount of pain that interferes with daily activities, such as the ability to manage loads, work performance, and sleep quality, in addition to providing long-lasting pain protection for most users during use and for two weeks after use.

This research aims to find out the juridical perspective on polyandrous marriages and what the legal consequences of polyandrous marriages are in the Gorontalo Religious Court. This research uses normative legal research methods or normative juridical research. This normative research includes library research or document study, because the objects studied are official public documents, namely official data from the Gorontalo Religious Court. Legal research carried out by examining library materials or secondary data alone can be called normative legal research or library legal research supported by empirical data. The results of this research show that the legal consequences of polyandrous marriages in the Gorontalo Religious Court are that the biggest difficulty in polyandry is that the father of the child is not known, so that in this model of marriage the relationship between father and child is uncertain. Just as sexual communism has no foothold, so polyandry cannot be popular in any society. Therefore, family life which is a safe building of protection for the next generation and a strict connection between one generation and the next is an instinctive demand of human nature.

The potential for natural resources is very abundant, especially geothermal energy on Flores Island which is being sought after by investors. Apart from the very diverse diversity of the people. Therefore, the conflict that occurred on Flores Island resulted in rejection of the geothermal development project and how to analyze the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples on Flores Island based on the theory of justice (John Rawls). The research method used in this research is a normative juridical research method. This research is prescriptive in nature, offering a concept for solving a problem (problem solving) and not just descriptive (just to describe something as it is). The data sources used in this research are secondary data collected through literature (documentary research) and legal approaches. Traditional law communities on Flores Island always live side by side with nature. The country is supposed to protect its people through policies that are just and pro-people, but in reality at this time, their lives have been disturbed by the Geothermal Power Plant construction project carried out by the Indonesian government.

The protection of fishermen is based on Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2016 with a research focus on the efforts made by the government to ensure the protection of fishing communities in Central Java. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive research type with data collection techniques using library research methods. Therefore, the type of data in this research is secondary data. The results of the research then contain the government's way of ensuring the protection of fishermen through the Fishermen's Insurance Premium Assistance program by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. During the implementation of the program from 2016 to 2019, 111,547 small fishermen received insurance assistance from the government. The Central Java Provincial Government also provides a fishermen's insurance program through the Central Java Maritime and Fisheries Agency to provide wider opportunities for fishermen in Central Java to have insurance. In its implementation, the provision of fishermen's insurance has several obstacles, such as a limited budget and the fact that many fishermen are reluctant to register for insurance independently. Therefore, not all Central Java fishermen have this fishermen insurance. However, there have been fishermen who have felt the benefits of fishermen's insurance and began to realize that insurance is important to have. This study concludes that the implementation of the fishermen's insurance program can be said to be successful, but the implementation has not been optimal.

This research aims to analyze the importance of the Business Identification Number (NIB) as the basis for the legality of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Padelengan Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency. This research was conducted using qualitative descriptive methods and a case study approach. Research data was collected through in-depth interviews with MSME owners in Padelengan Village, as well as through documentation studies related to regulations and policies regarding the provision of NIB to MSMEs. The research results show that NIB has a very important role in providing legality and legal protection for MSMEs in Padelengan Village. By having an NIB, MSMEs can gain easier access to various facilities and assistance from the government, and can run their business more safely and securely. However, this research also found several obstacles in providing NIB to MSMEs in Padelengan Village, including a lack of understanding and awareness of MSME owners about the importance of having an NIB, as well as a lack of access and information regarding NIB processing procedures. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended that the village government and related agencies carry out outreach and assistance to MSME owners to increase understanding and awareness of the importance of having an NIB. Apart from that, it is also necessary to improve access and information related to NIB processing procedures so that the process can run more effectively and efficiently. It is hoped that this research can contribute to improving legality and legal protection for MSMEs in Padelengan Village, as well as being a reference for further research related to the role of NIB in supporting the development of MSMEs in rural areas.

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is a social protection program that provides non-cash assistance to poor families designated as Beneficiary Families (KPM). PKH is a program based on poor families, so the main targets are economically disadvantaged families. PKH is an effort directed towards the formation and human resources focus on aspects of education, health, and social welfare. This research is entitled "Implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Improving Community welfare in the Islamic Economic Initiative". The purpose of this study is to find out what the Family Hope Program (PKH) is in providing social welfare to the community, find out how the implementation of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in providing social protection to the community, and find out what are the driving factors and inhibiting factors in implementing the Family Hope Program (PKH). This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach and in sampling researcher used sample selection techniques with the provision of characteristics and characteristics of objects in the study, as for data collection techniques, namely through observation, interviews, and documentation.  The results showed that the social protection provided by PKH to the community was in the fields of education, health, and social welfare. The implementation of PKH in Mendalo Indah Village goes through several stages, the first starting from the initial meeting stage, the second stage of entering data into the Management information system, the third stage of payment, and the last stage of commitment verification. The driving and inhibiting factors of PKH carried out in Mendalo Indah Village are that although it has not been fully implemented perfectly, the community admits that this program has helped and provided relief to the community.  

In Indonesia, every individual has the right to citizenship status, as regulated in Article 28D Paragraph 4 of the 1945 Constitution which states that "every person has the right to citizenship status." Even though Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia in principle does not recognize dual citizenship, several legal experts and activists have proposed that Indonesia provide protection for mixed marriage families by implementing the principle of dual citizenship. This article aims to determine the impact of dual citizenship on Indonesian citizens. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library study data analysis techniques. Conceptually, dual citizenship can be interpreted narrowly and broadly. In a narrow sense, dual citizenship refers to the concept of dual citizenship (dual citizenship/nationality) in the status of a person who has two citizenships from two different countries. In a broad sense, dual citizenship is expanded not only to dual citizenship, but also to more than multiple citizenships (plural/multiple citizenship/nationality). In general, dual citizenship can arise due to the application of the principles of citizenship in terms of reciprocal birth (interplay), between the principles of jus sanguinis and jus soli or the naturalization of a citizen of one country to another country.

In principle, pension funds replace employee benefits. Taspen is a pension and insurance program organizer that serves ASN, judges, and civil servants. The source of funding for this pension program comes from the basic salary (gapok), additional basic salary, as well as the last monthly additional basic salary. So in essence, civil servants who have retired can rely on Taspen to manage their pension funds, which will be given in the form of monthly payments in accordance with applicable regulations. So here researchers carry out an analysis to find out what the customers in question are using the pension funds for. Are these funds managed and utilized well? This research uses a qualitative approach. data was collected using the interview method. After all the data has been collected, data analysis is carried out. The data analysis used is non-statistical data analysis. In this research, what is analyzed is the data collected in interview transcripts. Based on the research results, it is known that customers can use pension funds for various purposes, such as living costs. when retiring, investing, purchasing property, or supporting the education of children or grandchildren. Apart from that, customers also manage pension funds by carrying out financial planning, selecting investment portfolios, carrying out evaluations and monitoring, making wise expenditures, carrying out and considering insurance and protection, then consulting with financial experts.

This research aims to describe the perceptions of Sociology of Religion college students at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra towards victims of sexual violence at Indonesian universities. In general, perception is a person's way of looking at something. This research uses a quantitative descriptive type and approach. The population of this study was 281 Sociology of Religion college students at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra, with a margin of error of 10%, and a sample of 74 people. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling. Questionnaires are a data collection technique with a perception measuring tool in the form of a Likert scale. The results of the research reveal that the perception of Sociology of Religion college students at the North Sumatra State Islamic University towards victims blaming for sexual violence in Indonesian universities is negative. Respondents are know victim blaming well, victim blaming is often found in cases of sexual violence, where women are the ones who are vulnerable to becoming objects of sexual violence. This is characterized by siding with victims of sexual violence, such as sympathy and empathy for victims, victims must receive protection, victims of violence do not deserve to be blamed, and justifying incidents of sexual violence as not being caused by the victim's behavior. Meanwhile, other neutral responses revealed that the way women dress and their body shape are the causes of sexual violence. This means that women who wear closed or open clothing both have the opportunity to become victims. Furthermore, neutral responses to victims of sexual violence always exaggerate the cases at hand. On the contrary, the news media tends to exaggerate so that it leads to opinion, which ends up making it difficult for the victim to reveal the case they are facing because of concerns about giving the victim a negative stigma.

This research aims to determine the Juridical Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in the Mobile Legend and League of Legend Games from an Indonesian Legal Perspective, based on the title raised in this research. This research uses a type of normative juridical research. The process of collecting data from the objects studied in this research uses primary, secondary and tertiary techniques. The data obtained by this research uses a qualitative method which explains the relationship between variables and generalizes the social phenomena studied.The results of this research show that online gaming has become a rapidly growing industry with many opportunities and challenges related to intellectual property rights and the development of the online gaming industry has also brought complex issues related to copyright, trademarks and patents involving various elements. unique in online games. therefore, the role of intellectual property rights in protecting creative works in games, encouraging innovation, and overcoming violations of intellectual property rights. So it is important to collaborate between online game developers, players and the government in creating a clear and fair legal framework to protect intellectual property rights in online games.

Outsourcing means handing over part of the work implementation to another company through a work contract agreement or worker/labor service provider. This research aims to analyze the form of disharmony in legal norms in outsourcing policies in Indonesia, and to analyze the protection of outsourced workers in terms of John Rawls's theory of Justice. This research is normative research using primary and secondary data obtained from literature reviews and statutory regulations related to the issues raised. The results of this research show that the work relationship that is practiced in the outsourcing system based on Article 65 paragraph (8) of Law Number 13 of 2003 states that work relations that initially occur between workers/laborers and the company receiving the work can in certain cases change to work relations between workers/laborers. with the employing company. This shift creates problems because from the start, employment relations only existed between the employer company and the workers/laborers. After the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 27/PUU-IX/2011, the working relationship between outsourced workers/laborers and outsourcing companies can be carried out through a Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWTT) or a Certain Time Work Agreement (PKWT), but the implication of the Constitutional Court's decision is that if the employment relationship between workers/workers and outsourcing companies that are not based on PKWTT or PKWT, this will create uncertainty about the employment relationship status for outsourced workers/laborers. Regarding the protection of the uncertainty of employment relations between outsourced workers/laborers, John Rawls stated that it would be unfair to sacrifice the rights of one or several people just for the sake of greater economic benefits for society as a whole. Justice as fairness means that not only those who are talented and have better abilities -in this case permanent employees of a company have the right to enjoy various social benefits more, but these benefits must also open up opportunities for those who are less fortunate in terms of These are outsourced workers/laborers in order to improve their standard of living.

In a transaction, especially electronic goods cannot be separated from the possibility of defects or damage to goods, thus causing electronic goods manufacturers to provide guarantees (warranties) to consumers. Law Number 8 Article 27 Letter (e) of 1999 discusses consumer protection, which one of the articles is the period for demanding damaged goods is 4 years or in accordance with the contract, not exceeding the maximum period. This study aims to describe the period of return of electronic goods warranty system from the perspective of shafi'I school of thought and the period of return of electronic goods warranty system according to consumer protection law number 8 article 27 letter (e) of 1999. The research method used is a qualitative method through data techniques in the form of, observation, and documentation. The analysis technique uses the content analysis method. The results of the study concluded that: Imam Shafi'i Mazhab argues that the state of khiyar is not more than three days, it is a relief (rukshah).  In transactions, especially electronic products, manufacturers use a warranty system that is in accordance with Law No. 8 Article 27 letter (e). The period to sue for defective goods is 4 years or according to the contract, not exceeding the maximum period.