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Banking stability plays a crucial role in maintaining financial system resilience and supporting national economic growth. Fluctuations in macroeconomic factors often impact banks' financial health, particularly their capital. This study aims to explore how macroeconomic factors such as inflation, central bank benchmark interest rates, and gross domestic product (GDP) impact capital adequacy ratio (CAR) in conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. This study employed a quantitative approach with an associative design, utilizing secondary data. The sample size for this study was 43 conventional banks. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression using SPSS. The findings indicate that inflation and benchmark interest rates do not significantly impact financial health, while GDP indicators show a modest positive trend. These findings confirm that macroeconomic conditions are not yet a dominant factor in determining bank capital adequacy. Therefore, it is suspected that internal factors such as risk management, profitability, and operational efficiency play a greater role in maintaining bank capital stability.

The study explores the communication strategy of the Public Relations Division of the Ministry of Home Affairs (Kemendagri) in responding to the wave of student and community demonstrations in early September 2025. This research aims to identify the strategic approach and challenges faced by the division in managing public communication during a national socio-political crisis. Using a qualitative descriptive method through observation, participation, and in-depth interviews with two informants from the division, the study reveals that Kemendagri’s communication strategy emphasized transparency, cross-institutional coordination, and the empowerment of local governments to maintain stability. The division also adopted multi-channel communication, including social media, press releases, and press conferences, ensuring message consistency and public reassurance. However, several challenges were identified, such as the sensitivity of political issues, the spread of misinformation and hoaxes, limited human resources, and the suboptimal implementation of two-way communication. The findings indicate that public communication during a crisis requires accuracy, empathy, and collaboration across institutions. This study implies that strengthening transparency, enhancing crisis communication skills, and improving digital responsiveness are essential for the Ministry’s public relations performance in future crises.

The use of fish oil as a natural source of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, often encounters challenges such as oxidative instability, unpleasant fishy odor, and variations in composition. This research focused on producing omega-3–enriched milkfish (Chanos chanos) oil that meets quality standards for microencapsulation, applying the wet rendering method followed by alkali neutralization with NaOH. The process involved varying temperatures of 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C and heating times of 30, 40, and 60 minutes. The crude oil obtained was refined using different NaOH concentrations, then evaluated for oxidative parameters including peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), total oxidation value (TOTOX), and acidity levels (acid value/free fatty acids, FFA), all compared with International Fish Oil Standards (IFOS). The maximum yield recorded was 0.29% at 100 °C for 60 minutes. The results showed that PV and p-AV values were still within acceptable IFOS limits (3.44 meq/kg and 11.75 meq/kg), and TOTOX values remained below 20, indicating good oxidative stability. However, prolonged heating led to increased acid values/FFA ranging from 2.43% to 2.68%, surpassing IFOS limits and reflecting hydrolytic degradation of the oil. These findings demonstrate the trade-off between achieving higher yields under higher temperature and longer heating versus maintaining oil quality. Therefore, optimal processing at a maximum of 100 °C and not exceeding 30 minutes, combined with alkali neutralization, is recommended to ensure the production of stable, high-quality milkfish oil suitable for encapsulation and incorporation into health-oriented functional foods.

This study aims to analyze community perceptions of the application of legal and economic principles of food security in Rias Village, Toboali District. Food security is a crucial issue because it is directly related to survival, welfare, and regional economic stability. However, the community's understanding of food security is often limited to food availability, without considering its relationship with legislation and the dynamics of the village economy. The research method used was qualitative with a descriptive approach that included in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation of the local community. The results of the study show that the people of Rias Village have a positive perception of the importance of food security, especially from an economic perspective, such as market access, food prices, and business capital. However, understanding of legal aspects is still limited, especially regarding government and local regulations that should protect the community's right to access food. This perception confirms that the successful implementation of food security principles in Rias Village is influenced by legal policies that favor the community and economic strategies that encourage local food self-sufficiency.

Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in organizations and educational institutions, and if not managed properly can have a negative impact on performance, effectiveness, and interpersonal relationships. However, conflict also has the potential to be a catalyst for improvement if managed appropriately. Therefore, it is important to systematically examine the stages of conflict, their impacts, and relevant management strategies. This study aims to answer the following questions: (1) How are the stages of conflict identified in various organizational and educational contexts? (2) What are the impacts of conflict on organizations? and (3) What management strategies are most effectively implemented? The method used was a literature review by searching articles through national and international databases using the keywords stages of conflict, conflict management, and education. Of the 73 initial articles, 18 primary articles were selected for thematic analysis. The analysis revealed three main findings: (1) conflict generally develops through stages of latency, escalation, and overt manifestation; (2) conflict negatively impacts performance if left unchecked, but can be constructive if managed; and (3) effective conflict management strategies are contextual, combining structural, interpersonal, and cultural-religious value approaches. In conclusion, this literature highlights the need for adaptive conflict management to maintain organizational stability. Further research is suggested to explore integrative models of conflict management based on local values and educational practices.

This study aims to design a blanking die used for mass-producing mobile phone holders while prioritizing efficiency and dimensional accuracy. The die set developed includes key components such as the punch, die, stripper, guide post, and fastening bolts. The product produced has dimensions of 138 × 63 × 2 mm and uses ST 37 steel as the raw material. Based on calculations, the required blanking force is 129,000 kN, which is considered safe for the production process. The design also accounts for an optimal clearance of 0.083 mm and a die thickness of 35 mm to effectively withstand the working load. Simulations using stress analysis methods reveal that the von Mises stress distribution on both the punch and die remains below the elastic limit of SKD11 material. The maximum stress on the punch is recorded at 2.437 × 10⁵ N/m², while on the die it reaches 5.153 × 10⁵ N/m², both well below the yield strength of SKD11, which is 2.918 × 10⁸ N/m², indicating that these components operate safely without the risk of plastic deformation. To strengthen the construction, the stripper is designed with a thickness of 12 mm, and the addition of four SCM435 bolts is recommended to improve system stability. This die design is verified through manual calculations and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to ensure its reliability. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate that the designed blanking die can support mass production with high precision, optimal structural strength, and long-term durability.

The amendment of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia is a crucial legal and political mechanism within the dynamics of constitutional law. An amendment is understood as an adjustment of constitutional norms to remain relevant with changing times while preserving the state’s fundamental identity. Unlike a constitutional replacement, which is comprehensive and signifies the birth of a new constitutional order, amendments are partial and limited. Article 37 of the 1945 Constitution sets out strict procedures, including requirements for proposal, quorum, and substantive limitations that cannot be altered, namely the form of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This mechanism prevents arbitrary changes and safeguards legal and political stability. The 1999–2002 amendments demonstrate that the Constitution can be improved without disrupting national continuity. Therefore, amendments are viewed as an evolutionary form of constitutional reform, while replacement signifies radical change. This analysis highlights that the amendment procedure of the 1945 Constitution is designed to balance the need for flexibility with constitutional stability in Indonesia.

The black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) holds significant ecological and economic value in tropical marine ecosystems, including those of Maluku, Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate population density, spatial distribution patterns, and their relationship with environmental conditions along the Haenesai coast, Hulung Village, Taniwel District, West Seram Regency. Sampling was carried out using the belt transect method (50 m × 2 m) at three stations with three replications, while physicochemical parameters of seawater (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and transparency) were measured in situ. A total of 96 individuals of H. atra were recorded, with an average density of 10.6 ind/100 m². Station I exhibited the highest density (13 ind/100 m²), whereas Station II showed the lowest (9.3 ind/100 m²). Distribution patterns were generally uniform at Stations I and II, while Station III displayed a clustered pattern. These variations are likely influenced by differences in water transparency, dissolved oxygen, and substrate heterogeneity that affect food availability. Overall, environmental conditions remained suitable for H. atra, although evidence of exploitation pressure from local harvesting was observed. Ecologically, H. atra plays a critical role as a bioturbator, maintaining sediment quality and coastal ecosystem stability. This study highlights the need for regulated harvesting, habitat protection, and aquaculture development as strategic measures for the sustainable management of sea cucumber resources in Maluku.

Indonesia, a country located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, has a high level of vulnerability to earthquakes. This condition demands an increase in the capacity of civil engineering human resources to design safe and disaster-resistant buildings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of project-based learning training with a focus on the application of SNI 1726:2019, structural modeling using ETABS/RSA, lateral load calculations, and the design of simple earthquake-resistant houses. The research method involved final-year civil engineering students and alumni who participated in a series of trainings, with evaluations through pre-tests, post-tests, and design assessments. The results showed an increase in competency in all aspects, especially the understanding of the SNI 1726:2019 standard and lateral load calculations. In addition, participants were able to produce simple house designs that meet the basic criteria for earthquake resistance, material efficiency, and structural stability. These findings indicate that applied training can bridge the gap between academic theory and practical skills needed in the workplace. This research contributes to strengthening the capacity of civil engineering in supporting resilient infrastructure development and has important implications for the integration of similar training into higher education curricula and community service programs.

This study examines the role of BRICS—an intergovernmental organization consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—in fostering global cooperation and contributing to world economic stability. BRICS was founded as a strategic response to the dominance of Western financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, which have long been criticized for their unequal representation and decision-making processes favoring developed economies. In this context, BRICS provides an alternative financial architecture through the creation of the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), both of which serve as instruments to support development financing and ensure financial security for its members. Grounded in the frameworks of constructivism and soft power diplomacy, BRICS emphasizes the principles of equality, mutual respect, sustainable development, and South-South cooperation. These values are reflected in its policies and initiatives that prioritize inclusivity, fair participation, and collective growth, especially for developing nations often marginalized in the global economic order. By representing more than 40% of the world’s population and contributing approximately 23% of global GDP, BRICS demonstrates its capacity to shape the international system and establish a more balanced distribution of power and resources. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach based on secondary data, which is analyzed narratively to highlight the evolving dynamics of BRICS within the global economy. The findings indicate that BRICS has significant potential to challenge Western economic hegemony, enhance economic solidarity among emerging markets, and provide developing countries with greater opportunities for growth and cooperation. Ultimately, BRICS emerges not only as a counterweight to established global institutions but also as a transformative actor capable of reshaping the trajectory of international economic governance in the future.

This study analyzes the dynamics of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in the Indonesian banking sector by examining both internal and external factors affecting financial stability. The variables included in the research are NPL, Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), lending interest rate, inflation, Household Debt to Income (HDTI), fintech lending, and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). Using annual secondary data from 2005 to 2024, sourced from the World Bank and Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the study employs a Vector Autoregression (VAR) method. This method includes stationarity tests, optimal lag selection, cointegration tests, Impulse Response Function (IRF), and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD). The results show that most variables demonstrate a dominant contribution from their own shocks, although interactions between variables remain significant. The IRF analysis reveals that CAR and HDTI are relatively stable and quickly return to equilibrium, while fintech lending, inflation, and NPLs show more volatile responses, making them more susceptible to external shocks. LDR and lending interest rates are sensitive in the short term but tend to stabilize over the long run. FEVD further indicates that inflation plays a significant role in driving NPL variations, while fintech lending is closely associated with CAR in the long term. The study concludes that the stability of Indonesia’s banking sector is influenced by both internal factors like CAR and LDR, as well as external factors such as inflation, fintech lending, and household debt. Thus, a coordinated approach involving monetary policy, macroprudential measures, and financial supervision is crucial to enhance the resilience of the banking sector against global and domestic economic shifts.

Anxiety in patients undergoing preoperative vitrectomy can have a significant impact on biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects, manifesting as increased blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and sleep quality disturbances that can affect physiological and psychological balance. Blood pressure is influenced by the autonomic nervous system, making anxiety and sleep quality important factors related to cardiovascular stability. This study aims to explain the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety with blood pressure in preoperative vitrectomy patients. The research design used was a cross-sectional correlation study involving 108 respondents. The instruments used included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) to assess anxiety, and blood pressure measurements before surgery. The analysis used the Spearman test. The results showed that most respondents were in the early elderly age category (34.3%), had a high school education (54.6%), and were employed (57.4%). Most experienced mild sleep disturbances (81.5%) and mild anxiety. The average systolic blood pressure of respondents was 133.50 mmHg (SD 11.569) and diastolic blood pressure was 84.29 mmHg (SD 11.081). Spearman's test showed a relationship between sleep quality and systolic blood pressure (r=0.237; p=0.014) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.428; p=0.001), as well as between anxiety and systolic blood pressure (r=0.502; p=0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.326; p=0.001). It was concluded that there was a relationship between sleep quality and anxiety with the blood pressure of patients undergoing preoperative vitrectomy. Nurses are advised to conduct early screening and simple interventions to reduce anxiety and improve the sleep quality of patients

Labor-intensive garment industries are experiencing significant employment challenges in the post-pandemic era, which has direct implications for the achievement of organizational objectives. This study was conducted to examine the effects of work-life balance, workload, and job stress on turnover intention among employees of PT 3Di Garmentech in West Jakarta. The research employed a quantitative approach with a sample of 70 respondents, selected using a saturated sampling technique, meaning all members of the population were included as respondents. Data collection was carried out through structured questionnaires, and the analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression methods, complemented by interval value interpretation on a Likert scale. The data were processed with the help of Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 26 to ensure accuracy in statistical testing. Findings from the study revealed that workload and job stress significantly and positively influenced turnover intention, indicating that higher levels of these factors increased employees’ desire to leave the company. Meanwhile, work-life balance showed no significant impact on turnover intention, suggesting that despite potential difficulties in balancing personal and professional roles, employees’ decisions to resign were more strongly driven by excessive workload and heightened job stress. These results emphasize the importance for garment companies to manage workload effectively and reduce stress levels to maintain employee retention and organizational stability.

Financial stability in manufacturing companies is an important issue, especially when facing national and global economic uncertainty. Good corporate governance is considered a framework that can drive technological innovation to enhance corporate excellence and achieve sustainable financial stability. This study aims to analyze the influence of the size of independent board of commissioners, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership on financial stability, with technological innovation as a mediating variable. The research data for this study were obtained from the annual financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020 to 2023. Data analysis was performed using panel data regression and mediation testing using the Sobel test approach. The research findings indicate that the size of the independent board of commissioners has a positive effect on technological innovation, while managerial ownership has a negative effect and institutional ownership has no significant effect on technological innovation. However, the size of the independent board of commissioners, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and technological innovation all have a significant effect on financial stability. The technology innovation variable also proved to mediate the influence of the size of the independent board of commissioners on financial stability. This finding emphasizes the importance of good corporate governance and technological innovation in maintaining the financial stability of manufacturing companies.

This research develops an automated temperature control system for water heaters, that is both efficient and stable, driven by the need for energy-saving heating solutions, particularly for marine applications. The main objective was to create an automatic system capable of maintaining water temperature within an optimal range while maximizing energy efficiency through the use of thermal storage materials. The methodology involved an on-off control system based on a microcontroller as the main controller, capable of processing temperature sensor data in real time. This system intelligently activates and deactivates the heater to keep the water temperature stable. Paraffin wax was used as a latent heat storage medium, playing a crucial role in gradually storing and releasing thermal energy to support temperature stability. An automatic water heater system based on the ESP32 microcontroller with an on-off control mechanism was successfully designed using paraffin wax combined with silica sand as a thermal storage medium. The addition of silica sand significantly enhanced heat conductivity and temperature stability. Test results showed a substantial reduction in energy consumption, with daily savings reaching Rp12,762.88, equivalent to 67% of total daily energy costs. Over a one-year period, the total savings amounted to Rp4,658,103.20, demonstrating that the paraffin wax–silica sand combination is highly effective in improving energy efficiency and reducing long-term operational costs.

Traditional markets play a central role in the local economic system and the social life of communities, particularly in Medan City. However, the dynamics of urbanization, competition from modern retail, and changes in consumer behavior have posed significant challenges to their sustainability. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the strategic location of traditional markets and their economic performance using a mixed-methods approach and spatial analysis. The research focuses on six traditional markets in Medan City: Petisah Market, Sukaramai Market, Beruang Market, Ikan Lama Market, Sei Sikambing Market, and Pringgan Market. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale and analyzed descriptively and correlationally, while qualitative data were gathered through field observations and in-depth interviews to interpret the socio-spatial context of each market. The key variables include accessibility, commodity diversity, and environmental comfort, which are linked to economic performance indicators such as visitor numbers, buyer loyalty, and sales stability. The results show that Petisah, Pringgan, and Ikan Lama Markets scored highest in these variables and demonstrated better economic performance. Correlation analysis identified commodity diversity as the most influential factor on economic performance, followed by environmental quality and accessibility. To strengthen the analysis, a SWOT model was also applied to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by traditional markets. This analysis reveals that the primary strengths of the markets lie in their location and social interaction, while the main challenges stem from a lack of modern management and pressure from digital markets. This study recommends development strategies based on local advantages, infrastructure modernization, market information digitalization, and cultural promotion as steps to sustainably enhance the competitiveness of traditional markets amid urban spatial changes.

Sustainable food security is a strategic issue in rural development that demands a comprehensive approach based on local communities. This community service activity aims to provide socialization and education about sustainable food security through a socio-economic phenomenological approach, focusing on the role of farmer housewives in Pondidaha Village, Konawe Regency. The implementation methods included educational lectures, focus group discussions (FGDs), field visits, and hands-on practice on sustainable food management, involving 20 farmer housewife respondents. The results showed that 80% of participants gained an adequate understanding of the concept of sustainable food security, local food diversification strategies, and an active role in improving family welfare through strengthening socio-economic capacity. The main challenges identified include limited access to resources, the dual role of housewives, and seasonal income instability. The solutions implemented include sustainable agriculture management training, food diversification counseling, and increased local market access. The socio-economic phenomenological approach provides a perspective that the life experiences, cultural values, and habits of farmer housewives are key elements in the success of food security programs at the community level. This activity contributes to increasing public awareness, skills, and participation in realizing sustainable food security, as well as strengthening the role of women in rural development based on local wisdom. This result is expected to be a model of community empowerment that can be replicated in other rural areas with similar characteristics.

Stable temperature regulation is essential in various industries to maintain product quality and energy efficiency. This study analyzed the water temperature regulation system using PID control through MATLAB simulation and the actual implementation using Thermocontrol and PT100 sensors. In the simulation, the PID control parameters used were Kp = 3.0, Ki = 240, and Kd = 60, while the tuning results in the actual implementation were Kp = 3.0, Ki = 0.5, and Kd = 1.2. The simulation results showed that the system could reach the setpoint faster (±330 seconds), but with a high overshoot (±20.8°C). In contrast, the actual implementation shows more stable performance, with a much lower overshoot (±0.8°C) and a time to the setpoint of about ±345 seconds. These differences in performance can be influenced by environmental factors and the physical characteristics of real systems that are not fully reflected in the simulation. Although the simulation provides faster results, the actual implementation is more adaptive to changing conditions and better able to maintain temperature stability. This research can provide important insights into the development of more effective and reliable temperature control systems for industrial applications, as well as demonstrate the importance of proper tuning in PID control systems to achieve optimal performance.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Leadership Style, Workload, and Work Environment on Turnover Intention in employees of the Quality Department of PT. Pharos Indonesia. Turnover Intention is understood as the tendency of employees to leave the organization, which can have an impact on the company's operational effectiveness and stability. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression method to test the relationship between variables. The sampling technique was carried out by non-probability sampling with a saturated sampling method, involving the entire population of 30 respondents. The research instrument was in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire, and the data obtained was processed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS version 26. The results of the analysis show that Workload has a positive and significant effect on Turnover Intention. These findings indicate that increased workload can drive employee intent to leave the company. In contrast, Leadership Style and Work Environment did not show a significant influence on Turnover Intention. The implications of these results emphasize the importance of effectively managing workloads as an employee retention strategy. This research makes a practical contribution to human resource management, especially in the pharmaceutical industry sector, to design more adaptive and sustainable work policies. In addition, the results of this study can be a reference for follow-up studies that want to explore other variables that have the potential to influence Turnover Intention in the context of modern organizations.

High turnover intention has become a critical issue in the broadcasting industry, especially in divisions that operate under fast-paced tasks and high levels of pressure. This study aims to analyze the influence of career development and job satisfaction on employees’ intention to leave the organization. Career development is measured through indicators such as promotion opportunities, work experience, and training, while job satisfaction is assessed through compensation, work environment, and recognition. A quantitative research design was applied, utilizing Partial Least Square (PLS) to analyze data obtained from a survey of employees working in a broadcasting company in Surabaya. The findings demonstrate that both career development and job satisfaction have a significant negative relationship with turnover intention, meaning that improvements in these variables can effectively reduce employees’ desire to quit. Among the career development indicators, work experience was found to be the most dominant factor influencing employee retention. On the other hand, recognition emerged as the most influential dimension of job satisfaction, showing that appreciation from the organization plays a crucial role in maintaining employee commitment. Overall, this study highlights the importance for broadcasting companies to implement effective career development strategies and enhance job satisfaction in order to minimize turnover intention and sustain organizational stability.