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Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, commonly found in developing countries, including Indonesia. Prompt and accurate treatment is crucial to prevent serious complications in patients. One way to assist in diagnosing typhoid fever is by applying machine learning methods to classify patient data. The Naive Bayes method is one of the machine learning algorithms frequently used in medical data classification due to its strong ability to handle large and complex datasets. This article discusses the application of the Naive Bayes method for classifying typhoid patient data at Rantauprapat General Hospital (RSUD Rantauprapat). By utilizing medical data that includes clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, and patients’ medical histories, the Naive Bayes model can provide fairly accurate predictions regarding the likelihood of a person having typhoid fever. The research findings indicate that Naive Bayes is reliable in predicting typhoid diagnoses with adequate accuracy, thereby supporting healthcare professionals in making faster and more precise decisions. It is expected that the implementation of this method can accelerate the diagnostic process and improve the quality of healthcare services at RSUD Rantauprapat, as well as in other regions.

Patient safety is a critical component of healthcare services, particularly as it directly impacts patient outcomes and the quality of hospital care. Nurses, as the frontline health professionals, play an essential role in implementing patient safety standards. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward the implementation of patient safety at Baitul Hikmah General Hospital Kendal. A descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The study recruited 78 nurses using a total sampling technique, and data were collected through questionnaires that had been previously tested for validity and reliability. The results indicated that the majority of nurses demonstrated good levels of knowledge and attitudes, which were reflected in their adherence to patient safety practices. Bivariate analysis using the Spearman Rho test revealed a significant relationship between nurses’ knowledge (p-value = 0.008; r = 1.000) and attitudes (p-value = 0.008; r = 0.297) with the implementation of patient safety. These findings suggest that better knowledge and positive attitudes among nurses significantly contribute to the proper implementation of patient safety protocols. Consequently, continuous education, training, and awareness programs are necessary to strengthen nurses’ knowledge and attitudes, thereby improving the quality of healthcare services and minimizing risks to patient safety in hospital settings.

This research employs a qualitative approach to investigate how corporate brand image shapes the quality of maritime services, using a comprehensive stakeholder perspective within the Indonesian shipping industry. The study adopts PT. Multi Jaya Samudra’s TB. Maiden Central operations as its focal case, gathering insights from maritime professionals, academic experts, and industry practitioners to better understand the interconnection between brand perception and service delivery. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 65 participants, followed by a thematic analysis to identify emerging patterns. The results highlight that corporate brand image plays a substantial role in influencing how service quality is perceived, with a positive correlation of 79.8% found between brand strength and customer satisfaction. Key themes emerging from the analysis include the enhancement of professional trust, the incorporation of educational elements into industry practices, and the promotion of operational excellence. A robust and reputable brand is shown to provide shipping companies with a distinct competitive edge, while also aligning with broader objectives such as sustainable maritime growth and the adoption of digital innovation. Beyond practical business value, the research enriches the field of maritime business management by presenting a stakeholder-driven framework for brand development, offering opportunities for the integration of industry-relevant curricula in maritime vocational education, and promoting sustainable transportation practices. These findings yield actionable implications for Indonesian shipping enterprises that aim to strengthen brand positioning, improve service performance, and remain competitive in an increasingly dynamic and environmentally conscious maritime sector.

This qualitative research investigates the critical factors inhibiting ship arrival efficiency and their impact on shipping agency performance at PT. Berkah Tata Baruna Banten Branch. Through comprehensive interviews with maritime professionals, port operators, and agency management, the study examines three primary variables: pilot tugboat services, cargo loading-unloading productivity, and document processing efficiency. Utilizing thematic analysis and narrative synthesis, findings reveal significant operational integration challenges that directly affect agency performance metrics. The research demonstrates that synchronized maritime service delivery substantially influences stakeholder satisfaction and business sustainability. Results indicate that technological integration barriers, communication gaps, and human resource development needs constitute primary obstacles to optimal port performance. Beyond identifying constraints, the study highlights how fragmented coordination between service providers creates inefficiencies that extend vessel turnaround times and increase operational costs. Respondents emphasized that transparent communication channels, standardized documentation procedures, and adequate training programs are essential to building resilient port systems. Moreover, the research shows that investment in digital platforms for real-time data sharing could accelerate clearance processes, while workforce development initiatives would ensure higher service reliability. The study contributes theoretically by developing frameworks of integrated maritime service performance and practically by offering policy-oriented recommendations to strengthen agency competitiveness. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to enhance Indonesia’s maritime logistics capacity, aligning operational improvements with the nation’s broader economic and global shipping ambitions.

This qualitative research investigates the influence of work motivation and work environment on employee performance within PT Yusen Logistic Indonesia's warehouse division. Through comprehensive interviews with maritime professionals, educators, and industry experts, this study addresses critical gaps in understanding workforce dynamics in maritime logistics operations. The research employed thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 45 participants across three stakeholder groups: operational staff, maritime educators, and industry professionals. Findings reveal that intrinsic motivation factors, particularly career development opportunities and safety recognition, demonstrate stronger correlation with sustained performance than monetary incentives. Work environment quality, including infrastructure adequacy and shift management, serves as a significant moderator affecting motivation–performance relationships. In addition, this research highlights that supportive leadership and open communication further strengthen employee engagement and commitment in high-pressure warehouse operations. Respondents consistently emphasized the importance of aligning organizational goals with individual career aspirations, particularly in a sector where safety and efficiency are paramount. The study also identifies that investment in ergonomic facilities, digital monitoring systems, and structured training programs reduces fatigue and error rates, thus promoting both productivity and safety compliance. The implications extend beyond company-level management to broader maritime education and policy-making. The integration of motivational strategies into vocational curricula can better prepare graduates for the realities of port and logistics operations. Moreover, the findings contribute to developing sustainable logistics practices that balance efficiency, employee well-being, and long-term organizational competitiveness. Overall, the research provides evidence-based recommendations for maritime vocational training programs, human resource management, and port operations strategies in Indonesia’s rapidly growing logistics sector.

Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils, commonly caused by viral infections, and typically resolves on its own without medical intervention. The first-line treatment for tonsillitis generally involves supportive care, such as analgesics and hydration, to alleviate symptoms. However, in cases of chronic or severe tonsillitis that cannot be managed conservatively, tonsillectomy is the recommended surgical procedure. Tonsillectomy is typically performed by an ENT specialist, and candidates for this surgery must meet the absolute and relative criteria outlined in the 2004 Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Indonesia clinical guidelines. Although tonsillectomy is a common procedure, one of the serious complications that can arise post-surgery is hemorrhage, which can lead to fatal consequences if not managed appropriately. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding is a significant cause of mortality and requires immediate and effective management. Effective management of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage is crucial to prevent life-threatening situations that may develop without appropriate intervention. Bleeding can be addressed through close observation, bedside interventions, or additional surgery if necessary, with the initial focus on stabilizing the patient's hemodynamics and controlling active bleeding. Given the high incidence and severity of post-operative bleeding, it is vital for healthcare professionals to identify patients who experience this complication and those at high risk, providing timely and appropriate interventions to reduce the risk of fatality. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage management is essential for ENT specialists in daily clinical practice.

Reproductive health is key to the continuity of human life from one generation to the next. Good reproductive health conditions in prospective brides and grooms (catin) will have an impact on the quality of future generations. Catin refers to men and women who do not yet have a legitimate bond under both religious and legal terms and are in the process of preparing for marriage. Prospective brides and grooms are the primary target for efforts to improve reproductive health during the preconception period. Therefore, catin need to prepare their reproductive health to ensure they can have quality generations after marriage. To address reproductive health issues in prospective brides and grooms, the Indonesian government has organized premarital courses aimed at preparing a healthy marital life and producing quality offspring. A total of 20 participants attended the premarital course. Premarital counseling is conducted to provide understanding and knowledge about reproductive health, focusing on prospective brides and grooms. Health professionals provide reproductive health education, conduct health checks, and administer TT immunization to the participants. This counseling is essential to ensure that prospective brides and grooms gain sufficient knowledge about reproductive health before marriage.

Typhoid fever is a significant health issue caused by the Salmonella Typhi bacteria, leading to symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, muscle pain, and serious complications if not treated promptly. A common challenge faced by society is limited access to medical professionals, especially in remote areas, and delays in recognizing symptoms. To address this problem, this study designs and implements a web-based expert system using the Certainty Factor (CF) method, which helps diagnose typhoid fever quickly and accurately. The Certainty Factor method is used to calculate the certainty level of the symptoms experienced by the patient, providing a diagnosis result in the form of early-stage typhoid, mild typhoid, or severe typhoid. The system was developed using PHP programming language and MySQL database, and tested at RSUD Djoelham Binjai City. The research data was obtained from patients at RSUD Djoelham Binjai with a case study on patient number 22. The processing of symptoms through Certainty Factor calculation showed that the patient is most likely to have severe typhoid with a certainty value of 0.9443 or 94.43%. This result proves that the Certainty Factor method can be used to assist in providing an accurate early diagnosis of typhoid fever with a high degree of accuracy.

Anxiety is an emotional condition that causes feelings of discomfort, helplessness, and uncertainty, often without a clear reason. Among breast cancer (carcinoma mammae) patients, anxiety commonly arises due to treatment processes, physical changes, and uncertainty regarding recovery. Spirituality, which involves belief in God Almighty and connection with transcendental aspects, is believed to help individuals cope with uncertain and challenging situations, including serious illness. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual level and anxiety level among breast cancer patients in Semarang. The research used a quantitative correlational design with a sample of 110 respondents selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. The instruments employed were the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) to assess anxiety levels and the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) to measure spirituality. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test to examine the relationship between variables. The results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between spirituality level and anxiety level in breast cancer patients. The findings suggest that higher levels of spirituality are associated with lower anxiety levels. Therefore, interventions that support and strengthen spiritual aspects may be effective in reducing anxiety among breast cancer patients. This study recommends that healthcare professionals incorporate spiritual approaches as part of holistic care to improve psychological well-being in patients undergoing cancer treatment.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence in Indonesia and is a major cause of serious complications, such as stroke, kidney failure, and heart disease. The high incidence of hypertension makes this disease a primary focus of NCD control efforts at the primary healthcare level. The Ulee Kareng Community Health Center has implemented a sustainable hypertension control program for the past three years with the aim of reducing the incidence of complications and improving patients' quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the hypertension control program using a logic model framework that encompasses five aspects: input, process, output, outcome, and impact. The research method used is descriptive analytic with a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data to obtain a comprehensive overview of program implementation. The results indicate that the hypertension control program at the Ulee Kareng Community Health Center has had a positive impact. In terms of output and outcome, there has been an increase in patient compliance with therapy prescribed by healthcare professionals, a decrease in blood pressure in the majority of patients, and a decrease in the number of hypertension-related complications. This indicates that the program is quite effective in achieving its intended goals. However, several challenges remain. The main problems lie in the suboptimal data recording system and the suboptimal delivery of health education. To improve the program's effectiveness in the future, recommendations include strengthening the monitoring and evaluation system, increasing the capacity of health workers and cadres through training, and developing innovative media and educational strategies to make information more easily understood and applied by the public.

The development of digital technology has had a significant impact on the health sector, including eye examination services. This study discusses the development and implementation of a Digital Optoscope-based Eye Diagnostic application designed using a web platform (HTML). This application provides two main features: visual acuity testing and astigmatism testing, which can be accessed independently by users through digital devices such as laptops, tablets, or mobile phones. Users only need to follow the visual instructions presented interactively on the screen, then perform the test according to the procedure. The testing method is carried out by displaying font size settings according to the Snellen chart standard and radial astigmatism patterns. The results of each test session are automatically recorded and can be saved for further analysis. In addition, users can perform repeated tests to improve the accuracy of self-diagnosis, and the system will provide lens type recommendations based on the measurement results obtained. The trial results show that this application is able to provide convenience, efficiency, and initial accuracy in the process of examining vision disorders. This is very useful, especially for people in remote areas or with limited access to professional eye health services. Thus, the Digital Optoscope-based Eye Diagnostic application has the potential to be an innovative solution for the early digital detection of vision disorders. This study recommends further development, particularly in clinical validation, testing on a wider sample size, and integration with electronic medical record systems to enhance its benefits in comprehensive public health services. Furthermore, collaboration with medical professionals is crucial to ensure diagnostic accuracy. With this approach, the app is expected to become a reliable tool for continuous eye health monitoring.

Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of sufferers. The severity and level of asthma control are important factors in determining a patient's condition. Data from the Pulmonary Clinic of Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Regional General Hospital (RSUD) show an increase in the number of asthma patients every year, necessitating further analysis of the factors that influence the quality of life of sufferers. This study aims to analyze the relationship between severity and control levels and the quality of life of bronchial asthma patients. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 47 respondents selected using a purposive sampling method according to the inclusion criteria. The instruments used included a severity questionnaire based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, the Asthma Control Test (ACT), and the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini-AQLQ). Data analysis was performed using the Kendall's Tau-b test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the majority of respondents were female (53.2%) and aged 31–45 years (36.2%). The highest asthma severity was mild persistent (29.8%), while the most dominant level of control was fully controlled (38.3%). The quality of life of the respondents was mostly in the moderate category (38.3%). Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between severity and quality of life (p = 0.003) and between control and quality of life (p = 0.001). It can be concluded that the higher the level of asthma severity, the lower the patient's quality of life tends to be, while better asthma control is associated with a better quality of life. These results emphasize the importance of early detection, optimal asthma control, and regular monitoring by healthcare professionals to improve patients' quality of life.

Stunting is a growth failure condition in toddlers caused by chronic malnutrition, particularly during the critical first 1,000 days of life. This condition is influenced by various factors, including maternal education and feeding practices. This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal education level and feeding patterns with the incidence of stunting among toddlers in the working area of the Pekauman Community Health Center, Banjarmasin City. The research employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of mothers with toddlers, with 66 respondents selected through accidental sampling. Data collection was carried out using structured questionnaires and documentation studies related to children’s nutritional status. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods, with the Spearman Rho test applied at a 0.05 significance level. The findings revealed a significant relationship between maternal education level and stunting incidence (p = 0.009), suggesting that lower levels of maternal education were associated with higher stunting rates. Conversely, feeding patterns did not show a statistically significant relationship with stunting (p = 0.081), although descriptive data indicated that inappropriate feeding practices were common among respondents. The majority of mothers in this study had basic education (elementary to junior high school), and a considerable number of toddlers were found to be stunted. Based on these results, it can be concluded that maternal education level plays an essential role in influencing stunting, while feeding patterns require further investigation with larger samples. The study recommends strengthening nutrition education and counseling programs for mothers, particularly those with low educational backgrounds, alongside regular monitoring of child growth and development by health professionals. Additionally, government efforts to expand access to health and nutrition information through easily accessible media are expected to contribute to stunting prevention and reduction strategies.

The increasing number of mental health disorders in various countries has created an urgent need for innovation in the diagnosis and treatment process. This problem not only impacts individuals' quality of life but also creates a significant social and economic burden. One solution that is beginning to be widely researched is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of mental health. This research used a literature review of various previous studies discussing the role, application, and impact of AI. The results of the review indicate that AI technology, particularly in the form of digital applications such as chatbots, has great potential to support the recovery process for patients with mental disorders. AI-based chatbots can provide responsive, two-way interactions, so users feel heard and receive initial emotional support. One technical approach used is Natural Language Processing (NLP), which enables the system to understand natural human language. Simultaneously, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithms are used to analyze language patterns and detect symptoms of depression more accurately. Various studies have reported that the application of NLP and LSTM can improve the reliability of diagnoses and provide responses tailored to user needs. Furthermore, AI can provide personalized recommendations, tailor interventions to the user's condition, and monitor mental health developments in real time. This has the potential to assist mental health practitioners in making faster and more informed decisions. However, the adoption of AI among practitioners remains relatively low. Influencing factors include limited technological understanding, limited infrastructure, and debates over ethical aspects and data privacy. Therefore, while AI has significant potential to improve the quality of mental health services, regulations, ethical guidelines, and synergy between technology and healthcare professionals are needed to ensure safe and effective implementation.

This paper explores the transformative influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on the accounting profession, particularly within the Accountant General of the Federation (OAGF). The research investigates how AI-driven innovations are reshaping traditional accounting practices and redefining the role of accountants. By conducting a systematic literature review, this study identifies three primary dimensions of AI’s impact: the automation of repetitive tasks such as data entry, transaction processing, and reconciliation; enhanced data analytics capabilities, which include predictive modeling and real-time decision support; and the evolution of accountants' roles toward more strategic and value-added activities, such as financial advisory and risk management. The automation of routine processes through AI allows accountants to focus on higher-level tasks that require judgment, creativity, and expertise, ultimately enhancing the overall efficiency of the accounting function. Furthermore, AI’s advanced data analytics tools provide more accurate insights, enabling accountants to offer more effective financial guidance and make more informed decisions. As AI reduces the time spent on manual processes, accounting professionals can improve their role in advising on business strategy, improving risk management, and identifying new growth opportunities. The study’s findings underscore the importance of embracing AI in the accounting profession, not only to improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and scale operations but also to enable accountants to stay competitive in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. The paper concludes by emphasizing that adopting AI is essential for accountants to remain relevant and continue providing valuable contributions to their organizations. Future research should focus on the long-term implications of AI on accounting ethics and the development of necessary skills for accounting professionals to thrive in the age of AI.

Drug abuse among adolescents is a serious problem that requires comprehensive and sustainable prevention efforts. Adolescence is a developmental phase characterized by the search for identity, emotional instability, and high levels of influence from the social environment, including peers. In this context, family education plays a central role as the first line of defense in protecting adolescents from the negative influence of drugs. Through open communication, wise supervision, and consistent love and emotional support, parents can create a safe and supportive environment for their children's mental development. Effective family education includes strengthening moral, religious, and social values, aiming to shape adolescents' character and resilience to environmental pressures. In certain situations, family education also needs to be supported by a scientific approach, one of which is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT is a psychological approach that focuses on improving negative thought patterns and behaviors. In the context of discussing drugs, CBT can help adolescents identify the emotional and social triggers that lead them to try illicit substances and equip them with strategies to cope healthily. The integration of family education and CBT therapy creates a comprehensive approach—from the home to professional support—to strengthen adolescents' mental resilience. This collaboration not only reduces the risk of addiction but also encourages adolescents to become more self-aware, emotionally healthy, and productive individuals. Therefore, synergy between families, schools, and mental health professionals is crucial in creating a drug-free generation of young people ready to face the challenges of modern life. Therefore, the active involvement of all parties, including educational institutions and the community, is essential to creating an environment that supports early drug prevention.

Effective communication is an important indicator of patient safety, and the Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) method has been proven to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of information exchange among healthcare professionals. This study aims to determine the relationship between effective SBAR communication and patient safety as well as follow-up management at RSU Mitra Sejati in 2025. This research employed a cross-sectional design with a population of all nurses (180 respondents) selected through total sampling, and data were analyzed using the chi-square test at α=0.05. The results showed that 59.4% of respondents demonstrated good SBAR communication and 58.3% complied with patient safety standards, with statistical tests indicating a significant relationship between SBAR communication and patient safety (p=0.000). These findings confirm that proper implementation of SBAR communication contributes to improving patient safety; therefore, continuous training and consistent application of SBAR are recommended to strengthen the culture of patient safety in hospitals.

This study examines the role of discretion exercised by law enforcement officers, especially within the context of criminal investigations. Discretion refers to the authority granted to investigators, prosecutors, and judges to make decisions that are not always explicitly regulated by written laws or regulations. It is granted to allow flexibility in addressing situations that require quick, context-specific decisions. Discretion is necessary because not every legal situation can be anticipated in advance by the law, especially in dynamic and unpredictable situations that law enforcement professionals encounter daily. However, the exercise of discretion must be grounded in the core principles of justice, legal certainty, and respect for human rights, ensuring that decisions are made fairly and in accordance with legal norms. While discretion allows law enforcement officers to exercise judgment and adapt to diverse situations, it also carries significant risks, particularly the potential for abuse of power. Such abuse could manifest in inappropriate criminalization of innocent individuals, discriminatory practices, or biased decisions that undermine the legitimacy of the justice system. The possibility of such negative consequences necessitates a careful and responsible approach to the application of discretion. Law enforcement officers must not only act in accordance with the law but also adhere to ethical standards and ensure that their decisions are made transparently and equitably. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need for strict oversight and the development of clear, consistent guidelines to govern the exercise of discretion. Supervision mechanisms, such as internal audits and external oversight bodies, are crucial in monitoring law enforcement activities and ensuring that officers do not misuse their powers. Furthermore, providing adequate training to law enforcement personnel on the ethical and legal boundaries of discretion is vital in preventing arbitrary or unjust decisions.

Cough and flu are common health problems experienced by the public, with high prevalence across various age groups. The widespread practice of self-medication in the community highlighted the need for proper education regarding the rational and appropriate selection of medications. This educational activity was conducted at two strategic locations: the Car Free Day (CFD) in Solo and Taman Jaya Wijaya in Mojosongo. The method involved direct socialization, distribution of educational leaflets, and interactive question-and-answer sessions. The education focused on the differences between dry and productive coughs, appropriate medication choices, flu medicine content, and the use of natural remedies such as herbal treatments. A total of 41 participants from diverse backgrounds joined the activity enthusiastically. The results showed an increase in public understanding of cough classifications, medicine components, and the importance of reading drug labels before purchase. The sessions also emphasized the need to match medications with symptoms and advised consulting healthcare professionals if symptoms did not improve within three days. Positive responses from participants indicated that direct education effectively raised awareness and encouraged more rational and safe self-medication practices.

Cough and flu are common health problems experienced by the public, with high prevalence across various age groups. The widespread practice of self-medication in the community highlighted the need for proper education regarding the rational and appropriate selection of medications. This educational activity was conducted at two strategic locations: the Car Free Day (CFD) in Solo and Taman Jaya Wijaya in Mojosongo. The method involved direct socialization, distribution of educational leaflets, and interactive question-and-answer sessions. The education focused on the differences between dry and productive coughs, appropriate medication choices, flu medicine content, and the use of natural remedies such as herbal treatments. A total of 41 participants from diverse backgrounds joined the activity enthusiastically. The results showed an increase in public understanding of cough classifications, medicine components, and the importance of reading drug labels before purchase. The sessions also emphasized the need to match medications with symptoms and advised consulting healthcare professionals if symptoms did not improve within three days. Positive responses from participants indicated that direct education effectively raised awareness and encouraged more rational and safe self-medication practices.