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This paper analyzes the progress of gender equality in labor markets across Scandinavian countries and its economic implications. By comparing labor force participation rates, wage gaps, and social policies, the study identifies factors contributing to higher gender parity. Results show that robust parental leave systems and flexible working arrangements significantly enhance women's participation. The findings underscore the importance of supportive policies in achieving economic inclusivity.

Background​ Pregnancy risk tall is dangerous pregnancy​ life Mother or the baby she was carrying . Furthermore number pain or death mother and fetus during pregnancy , childbirth and the postpartum period will happens to everyone pregnancy with factor high risk .​ Pregnancy risky tall can influenced by factors medical and non- medical . Pregnancy risk tall is something pregnancy Where soul and health mother and or baby can threatened . Purpose For  know the influencing factors pregnancy risk high at the Evie sub-district clinic babalan regency step 2024. Method Research design used​​  in  study  This  is  Descriptive analytic   with  Retrospective approach . Deep sample  study  This  is all over Mother  pregnant women with risk data  tall as many as 55 mothers  pregnant. Analysis data using analysis univariate and bivariate . From the statistical test results obtained The p value is 0.22 (p<0.005) which is significant There is meaningful relationship​ between Education and pregnancy risk tall . From the statistical test results obtained The p value is 0.000 (p<0.005) which is significant There is meaningful relationship​ between Knowledge with pregnancy risk tall . From the statistical test results obtained The p value is 0.980 (p<0.005) which means None meaningful relationship​ between Attitude with pregnancy risk tall.

Excessive fear, anxiety, stress or anger can cause slow labor progress. Feelings of tiredness, fear and hopelessness are the result of pre-labor or a prolonged latent phase. Women who are not supported emotionally, or have had difficulties in previous births, can feel anxious and afraid to face labor, resulting in labor without significant progress and labor that is very painful. Age that is too young and too old, too much parity and knowledge is suspected to increase anxiety in mothers. The aim of this research is to determine the factors related to postpartum maternal anxiety during childbirth at RSU Vina Estetica Medan in 2023. This type of research is analytical observational with cross-sectional. The population in this study was all postpartum mothers who gave birth at RSU Vina Estetica Medan for the January-April 2023 period, namely 116 people. The sample taken based on the Slovin formula was 54 people. Data analysis was carried out using statistical tests using chi-square, to see the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The results of the research show that there is a relationship between age and knowledge of postpartum mothers and anxiety during labor at RSU Vina Estetica Medan in 2023. There is no relationship between parity and anxiety of postpartum mothers during labor. It is recommended that health workers at RSU Vina Estetica Medan provide regular counseling to mothers about childbirth starting at the beginning of the pregnancy check-up, in order to reduce postpartum maternal anxiety..

Excessive fear, anxiety, stress or anger can cause slow labor progress. Feelings of tiredness, fear and hopelessness are the result of pre-labor or a prolonged latent phase. Women who are not supported emotionally, or have had difficulties in previous births, can feel anxious and afraid to face labor, resulting in labor without significant progress and labor that is very painful. Age that is too young and too old, too much parity and knowledge is suspected to increase anxiety in mothers. The aim of this research is to determine the factors related to postpartum maternal anxiety during childbirth at RSU Vina Estetica Medan in 2023. This type of research is analytical observational with cross-sectional. The population in this study was all postpartum mothers who gave birth at RSU Vina Estetica Medan for the January-April 2023 period, namely 116 people. The sample taken based on the Slovin formula was 54 people. Data analysis was carried out using statistical tests using chi-square, to see the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The results of the research show that there is a relationship between age and knowledge of postpartum mothers and anxiety during labor at RSU Vina Estetica Medan in 2023. There is no relationship between parity and anxiety of postpartum mothers during labor. It is recommended that health workers at RSU Vina Estetica Medan provide regular counseling to mothers about childbirth starting at the beginning of the pregnancy check-up, in order to reduce postpartum maternal anxiety..

Baby blues syndrome occurs in mothers after giving birth, which has an impact on both the mother and the baby. Many factors cause baby blues such as lack of mental preparation to become a mother due to young age and inexperience, the number of children a mother has causes susceptibility to suffer from baby blues. The purpose of this research was to find out the factors related to the occurrence of baby blues syndrome at the Teling Community Health Center Of Manado. This type of research is observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used simple random sampling with a total of 59 respondents. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. The collected data were processed with the help of the SPSS computer program, data analysis with the Chi Square Test with a significance level of α 0.05. The results of the study showed that there was a correlation between age and Blues Syndrome at the Teling Community Health Center (P value 0.000 < α 0.05). There was a correlation between parity and Blues Syndrome at the Teling Manado Community Health Center (P value 0.008 < α 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is a correlation between age and parity with Blues Syndrome at the Teling Health Center. It is suggested to nurses as caregivers to not only meet physical needs but also psychological needs, especially identifying abnormal deviations as early as possible and collaborating with other health teams in meeting emotional needs through providing counseling, bonding attachment between mothers and their babies during the postpartum period so that mothers get good health and healthy babies.

Background: Family planing program is the way to arrange age of pregnancy, range of pregnancy, number of children which the purpose is to make quality family. There are enhancement number of one month injection contraception acceptors in the world, Indonesia and also in Bali. Fertile age couples in Indonesia have many kinds of characteristics such as age, parity, level of education, occupation, and income. One month injection contraception acceptors in doctor Adi Wibowo came from six village which three of them Bali Aga village who have differences social-culture characteristics. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe characteristic of age, parity, level of education, occupation, and income one month injection contraception acceptors in doctor Adi Wibowo. Methods: This study is observational descriptive quantitative method. This study use total sampling model. This study was held in January 2022. This study was done by giving questionnaire of one month injection contraception characteristics. Results: Based on results, the most age characteristic is 20-35 year category (82%), the most parity characteristic is primipara category (46%), the most level of education characteristic is secondary education level (82%), the most occupation characteristic is jobless category (38%), and the most income characteristic is medium income level category (48%). Conclusion: Acceptors characteristic of one month injection contraception was dominated by group of  20-35 year, primipara, secondary educational level, jobless and medium income.

Pregnancy is a process experienced by women all over the world. The pregnancy period starts from conception until the birth of the fetus, the duration of pregnancy (normal is 280 days (40 weeks or 9 months 7 days). Antenatal care is a health visit given to the mother during pregnancy in accordance with the specified antenatal care service guidelines. Antenatal care visits are visits by pregnant women to a midwife or doctor as early as possible since they feel they are pregnant to receive antenatal care/services. factors influencing the low number of first Antenatal Care (K1) visits in Durian Lingga Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency in 2022. This type of research is analytical observational research using a cross sectional approach, namely to analyze the factors that influence the low number of first antenatal care visits. In this study, the population was all pregnant women who had passed the first trimester and were willing to be interviewed. The total population obtained was 89 people (K1) in Durian Lingga Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency in 2022. Conclusion: The rate of first antenatal care visits for pregnant women in Durian Lingga Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency in 2022 is 39 people (48.1%). The variables knowledge, education, attitude and parity are variables that are related to the first Antenatal Care (ANC) visit in Durian Lingga Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency in 2022. Age and attitude variables of health workers are variables that are not related to the first Antenatal Care (ANC) visit in Durian Lingga Village. Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency in 2022.

Research background: Chronic Energy Shortage (KEK) is still a problem in Indonesia. Women and children are the groups at highest risk of experiencing Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). Currently Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a concern for the government and health workers, because a woman of childbearing age (WUS) who experiences CED has a high risk of giving birth to a child who will also experience CED in the future. The aim of the research is to identify study characteristics of the incidence of CED pregnant women at the Kotabaru Community Health Center. The research method uses quantitative descriptive. The population is all 30 KEK pregnant women at the Kotabaru Community Health Center in October – December November 2023. The sample was taken using a total sampling technique of 30 people. Data were analyzed univariately. The results of the research were that age characteristics were the most common in the risk category with a percentage of 66.7%. Parity characteristics were most common in the multiparous group at 50%. The characteristics of pregnancy spacing in the risk category were 56.7% and the highest level of education among respondents was at the middle level, namely 40%.    

The increase in the incidence of anemia in Medan City from 2020 to 2023, peaking at 32.39%, is the focus of research. This study aims to assess the relationship between parity and maternal age and anemia in third trimester pregnant women at BPM Erlina Herawati, Medan City in 2023. The chi-square test was used for data analysis. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between maternal age and anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at BPM Erlina Herawati in 2023 (p-value 0.243). However, there was a significant relationship between parity and anemia in this group (p-value 0.023, RP 0.328). The research conclusion states that there is no significant relationship between maternal age and anemia, but there is a significant relationship between parity and anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at BPM Erlina Herawati in 2023. This study provides new insights regarding the risk factors for anemia in this population.

Background: Abortion refers to the deliberate termination or evacuation of a pregnancy before the gestational age reaches 20 weeks or the fetal weight is below 500 grams, preventing the fetus from surviving outside the uterus. One danger associated with abortion is the higher likelihood of multiple pregnancies and more frequent abortions in women between the ages of 20 and 35. Objective: The study aimed to establish the correlation between parity and maternal age and the occurrence of abortion. Method: This study employed an analytical research design with a case-control methodology. Utilizing the entire sampling technique for sampling. The study was carried out from December 2023 to February 2024 and included 242 pregnant women in Frisdhy Angel Hospital Batam city. Assessed using the Chi-Square statistical test. Result: This study discovered a statistically significant correlation between parity and the occurrence of abortion, with a ρ value of 0.002 < α 0.05. Additionally, there was a statistically significant correlation between age and the occurrence of abortion, with a ρ value of 0.001 < α 0.05. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a correlation between the number of times a woman has given birth (parity) and her age at the time of pregnancy (maternal age) with the occurrence of abortion at Batam City Hospital. 

Background: Postpartum Blues is a psychological condition that occurs in mothers after childbirth. In Indonesia, the prevalence of Postpartum Blues is 1 to 2 per 1000 births. As many as 53% of postpartum mothers experience symptoms such as mood swings and difficulty regulating emotions for no apparent reason, which is an indication of Postpartum Blues syndrome. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of Postpartum Blues syndrome in mothers after childbirth. Methods: This study used a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional strategy. This study involved a sample of 30 postpartum mothers selected by the Accidental Sampling technique. The data collection process was carried out using a questionnaire. This study used the Chi-Square test. Results: The results showed that in PMB X Batam City, the majority of postpartum mothers were adults (56.6%), had several previous pregnancies (56.7%), had completed high school education (46.6%), and did not receive social support (53.3%). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age, parity, education, and social support with the occurrence of Postpartum Blues in postpartum mothers (p=0.003, p=0.024, p=0.441, p=0.282, and p=0.011). Conclusion: The incidence of Postpartum Blues in postpartum mothers is influenced by age, parity, and social support. However, there is no relationship between education level and the incidence of Postpartum Blues.

Background: Physiological and psychological anxiety significantly impacts maternal and fetal health. Lack of knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth dominates the causes of anxiety. This study investigated whether third-trimester pregnancy anxiety can be reduced by receiving health education about pregnancy and labor. Methods: Quasi-experimental quantitative research was conducted using a design consisting only of before and after tests. The sample consisted of 64 third-trimester samples selected using a purposive sampling approach. The measuring instrument used was the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-R2. Univariate analysis tests and bivariate analysis were conducted to see the significance and differences before and after treatment using paired t-tests. Results: It was found that most of the subjects were primigravida 36 (56.2%) respondents, the majority were aged 20-35 years 47 (73.4%), and the majority of education was Bachelor 27 (42.2%), and the majority of economic income < regional minimum wage. Most pregnant women experienced anxiety before childbirth in the moderate category 35 (54.7%) respondents. Demographic factors of education, parity, and economic income have a significant relationship with a p-value of 0.000, but age has no relationship with the incidence of anxiety. Conclusion: The difference between pre and post by looking at the two-tailed sig number with a result of 0.000 <0.05, the Confidence interval value of the difference is lower 0.900 and upper 1.099. In the t-test, the sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 (<0.05), which shows that health education about pregnancy and childbirth reduces the anxiety of third-trimester pregnant women facing labor.

Introduction: Children's and mothers' health determines the level of family and community health. The health empowerment success relies on the maternal mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate. The delivery prevalence with the SC method increases around the world by more than 10%-15% as recommended. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the prevalence of section caesarea procedures is high, 40.5%. The data of delivery mothers with Sectio Caesarea at HA Zaky Djunaid Pekalongan reached 100 mothers. Objective: This research revealed the characteristics of delivery mothers with Sectio Caesarea from the perspectives of age, parity, gravida, gestation interval, birth history, and height. Method: This qualitative research is a descriptive retrospective type of research by reviewing the medical records of delivery mothers with section Caesarea.Population: This research population consisted of all delivery mothers with section Caesarea at HA Zaky Djunaid Hospital, Pekalongan City, from July 2023 to August 2023.Sample: The research samples were 100 delivery mothers with Sectio Caesarea taken with total sampling. Results: From the data analysis, the characteristics of delivery mothers with SC, based on age, were mostly 29 years old. Most mothers were multiparity and multigravida. The mothers had SC history with 2-5 years of gestational interval. Most mothers were 148cm high.  

According to WHO, the incidence of prolonged labor in the world is currently estimated to occur at 17% of total births. The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey or abbreviated (SDKI) by the National Population and Family Planning Agency reported that the majority of birth complications are long labor (30%) to facilitate the normal birth process, so pregnancy exercises are carried out to reduce the occurrence of long labor. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pregnancy exercise and parity with the length of labor in the first stage of labor in the active phase of women giving birth at Karya Medika 1 Hospital, West Cikarang, 2023. This type of research is quantitative analytical using a cross-sectional study design approach. Mothers giving birth at Karya Medika 1 Hospital, West Cikarang in the period January – August 2023. The population of women giving birth is 80 people. The instruments used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results show that the variables that are related to the length of labor in the first active phase of labor for women giving birth at Karya Medika 1 Hospital, West Cikarang 2023 are pregnancy exercise (p=0.002) with an OR of 10,000, and parity (p=0.039) with an OR of 0.255. The conclusion is that the variables studied (pregnancy exercise, and parity) are all related to the length of labor in the first active phase of labor in women giving birth at Karya Medika 1 Hospital, West Cikarang 2023.Researchers advise pregnant women to take care of their pregnancy and are advised to take part in a pregnancy exercise program so that the birth process runs normally. And, Karya Medika 1 Hospital Cikarang Barat is advised to continue the pregnancy exercise program in the future.  

High parity pregnancies increase the risk of complications for both the mother and fetus. In the Bumiayu Community Health Center alone in 2021-2022 there were 45 cases of mother with grande multipara. To provide Comprehensive Midwifery Care service to pregnant, maternity, newborn, postpartum and family planing sevices in a comprehensif manner though a midwifery management approach according to Varney and SOAP. Based on the bacground above, the problem formulation is how to provide comprehensive midwifery care for Mrs. I aged 32 years in the Bumiayu Community Health Center, Brebes Regency in 2022. The author uses a quality descriptive research method with a case study approach. In pregnancy cases of anemia and CED were found, partus precipitatus birth accurred. As well as giving formula milk to babies and lack of personal hygiene in neonatus and the normal postpartum periode. Grande Multipara Comprehensive Midwifery Care, Presipitatus delivery, giving formula milk to babies, and lack of personal hygiene with newborn and normal postpartum bebies.

A pregnant woman is a woman who is pregnant, starting from contraception until the birth of the fetus. The aim of ANC is to identify pregnancy complications that may occur during early pregnancy, to improve and maintain the health of the mother and baby. Covid-19 is a disease that attacks the respiratory system which has become an epidemic in Wuhan (China) which has spread throughout the world and has become a global pandemic. The research method is quantitative description. This research was conducted from January – July 2022. The population was 30 respondents, and the sample used an accidental sampling technique. The results of the distribution show that the majority age category is 20-35 years old, numbering 28 people (93.3%), the majority parity category for multiparas is 22 people (73.3%), the majority education category for high school education is 17 people (56, 7%), in the knowledge category the majority had sufficient and insufficient knowledge each amounting to 11 people (36.7%), and in the anxiety category the majority had no anxiety totaling 12 people (40%). The p-value for the level of anxiety was obtained at 0.014 and the p-value for the level of knowledge was 0.017 with ɑ (0.05), so it was concluded that there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the level of anxiety regarding ANC visits during the Covid 19 pandemic at the Pratama Hana Kasih Clinic in 2022. It is hoped that mothers can increase awareness and vigilance during ANC visits at health facilities to reduce the risk of transmission of the Covid-19 virus.

The increase in the incidence of anemia in Medan City from 2020 to 2023, peaking at 32.39%, is the focus of research. This study aims to assess the relationship between parity and maternal age and anemia in third trimester pregnant women at BPM Erlina Herawati, Medan City in 2023. The chi-square test was used for data analysis. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between maternal age and anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at BPM Erlina Herawati in 2023 (p-value 0.243). However, there was a significant relationship between parity and anemia in this group (p-value 0.023, RP 0.328). The research conclusion states that there is no significant relationship between maternal age and anemia, but there is a significant relationship between parity and anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at BPM Erlina Herawati in 2023. This study provides new insights regarding the risk factors for anemia in this population.

Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a delivery method in which the baby is born through an incision in the abdominal wall and the opened or incised uterus, while keeping the uterus intact. In recent years, normal childbirth has been considered risky and challenging, leading to the emergence of cesarean section as an alternative option for some women undergoing labor and delivery. High-risk childbirth can have adverse effects on both the baby and the mother. The repeated pregnancies can weaken the uterus, causing complications in both pregnancy and delivery. Therefore, appropriate measures are necessary to save both the baby and the mother. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between parity and maternal age with the incidence of cesarean section at Ulin Regional General Hospital in Banjarmasin. The research method used is a descriptive correlational approach, conducted in October 2023. The population in this study includes all patients who delivered through the CS method at Ulin Regional General Hospital in Banjarmasin, with the sample taken from the entire population that meets the criteria or saturation sample criteria. The data used are secondary data that already exist. Based on the results of the Chi-Square statistical analysis, the p-value is 0.000 < α (0.05), thus it can be concluded that H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted, indicating a relationship between parity and maternal age with the incidence of cesarean section at Ulin Regional General Hospital in Banjarmasin.

Anemia in pregnancy is a national problem because it reflects the socio-economic welfare values of society, and has a huge influence on the quality of human resources. The high incidence of anemia in pregnant women is very worrying because it can have a negative impact on mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. The factors that influence the incidence of anemia are lack of nutrients, apart from that, education and maternal parity are closely related to the incidence of anemia. The aim of this study was to obtain information about anemia in pregnant women focusing on education, parity, maternal age and gestational age. This type of research is descriptive, namely to find out the general picture of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women, where the information is obtained from the results of medical records at the Kampili Community Health Center. Overall the population was 1090 and a sample of 375 pregnant women who experienced anemia were obtained. The results of the study concluded that the average education level of mothers who experienced anemia was mothers with a low education parity of more than 4, the mother's age was under 20 years and the gestational age was in the second trimester.

Anemia is a condition of hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood (Hb<11gr/dl) which is caused by a lack of nutrients needed for the formation of Hb. This research aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at the Laubaleng Community Health Center, Karo Regency in 2023. This type of research is research using an analytical survey with a cross sectional method approach. The population is all pregnant women in the third trimester of the Laubaleng Community Health Center, Karo Regency, namely 58 people. The number of samples used was 58 people obtained using the total sampling technique. The data analysis technique uses chi square. The results obtained in this study were that from 58 respondents, there was an influence between maternal age and the incidence of anemia in third trimester pregnant women, showing that the p value = 0.001 < 0.05. There is an influence between maternal education and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester, showing that the p value = 0.021 < 0.05. There is an influence between maternal knowledge and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester, showing that the p value = 0.010 < 0.05. There is an influence between maternal parity and the incidence of anemia in third trimester pregnant women, showing that the p value = 0.038 < 0.05. It is recommended for health workers to increase education regarding anemia in pregnant women.