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Hypercholesterolemia is a term when total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels increase, while HDL decreases. The causes of high cholesterol today are poor diet, suboptimal physical activity, excessive caffeine consumption, and uncontrolled body weight. The purpose of this community service is to increase public knowledge about hypercholesterolemia, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment. In addition, cholesterol examinations were also carried out on 25 residents using the POCT method.

Non -communicable disease (PTM) is one of the increasing health problems in society every year and contributes to the largest proportion of death worldwide. According to a global status report on non -communicable diseases, non -communicable diseases can occur due to lack of exercise, smoking and malnutrition, which causes increased blood pressure, increased blood sugar levels and increased blood lipids. If not prevented, this increase will get worse and lead to chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, dysplidemia, gout arthritis and obesity. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 40 million people worldwide suffer from non -communicable diseases, with the cause of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and injuries to be the main cause (Syam'ani, 2023).      

Hypertension is a growing epidemic in the United States, with more than 40% of adults aged 45-64 years and more than 70% of adults aged 65 years and older diagnosed with this condition. Hyperglycemia and high cholesterol contribute to damage to blood vessel walls which triggers hypertension. Physical damage due to hypertension is cumulative, so compliance with treatment is the key to preventing serious illnesses such as end-stage kidney disease. In an effort to improve self-management of elderly people with hypertension, health education activities were carried out at the Wesabbe Complex, working area of ​​the Tamalanrea Community Health Center, Makassar, involving 30 participants. The activity lasted for two days and included lectures, discussions, distribution of leaflets, and blood pressure checks. The results showed an increase in self-management, where before the activity, 66.7% of participants had poor self-management, but after education, 86.7% of participants showed a significant increase in self-management. The evaluation showed an increase in participants' knowledge in hypertension management, including the ability to control blood pressure and recognize signs of increased blood pressure. Conclusion: Health education has proven effective in improving self-management of elderly people with hypertension, which has an impact on increasing their ability to control blood pressure and make health decisions independently. It is recommended that more adequate facilities and infrastructure be provided to support activities to improve public health in the Wesabbe Complex in the Tamalanrea Makassar Health Center Working Area.

Gallbladder disease is associated with a malfunctioning gallbladder and highly concentrated bile, leading to conditions such as the formation of gallstones or cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis can occur due to high concentrations of cholesterol in the gallbladder. Obstruction of the cystic duct, either by stones or functional issues, can cause acute inflammation of the gallbladder. Acute cholecystitis attacks are often associated with gallstones, or cholelithiasis. Common symptoms include right upper quadrant or epigastric abdominal pain, especially after consuming fatty foods, with additional symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea. The development of this disease is believed to involve many factors and likely arises from complex interactions between various genetic and environmental elements. An imbalance in bile composition, characterized by excessive cholesterol secretion, reduced gallbladder motility, and the accumulation of mucin gel, contributes to the formation of gallstones. Gallbladder disease related to cholesterol results from a biochemical imbalance involving lipids and bile salts in the bile stored in the gallbladder. A 45-year-old patient, Mrs. D, has several risk factors that increase the development of the disease, and the following case report discusses the clinical presentation and laboratory examination results related to the onset of this disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed on the patient, and appropriate education was provided, illustrating the importance of intra-professional collaboration and positive outcomes for the patient.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. DM is the most common chronic illness in adults. It is estimated that 300 million people will have DM by 2025, and it will reach approximately 439 million and the prevalence is estimated to be 7.7% by 2030. The decrease of blood glucose levels in patients with DM decreases the mortality and morbidity rates significantly.Objective: To identify the potential risk factors of poor glycemic control among patients having type2 Diabetes mellitus in Al-diwaniya city. Methods: A total of 340 patients were included in the study. This was cross sectional study conducted in the Diabetes  Center at Al-diwaniya city, Iraq, from period of 1st of February to the 1st September2023. Based on the cutoff point of Glycosylated hemoglobin of 7, the poor control were the patients with (Glycosylated hemoglobin is ≥ 7) and the good control were the diabetic patient with Glycosylated hemoglobin is <7. A questionnaire developed to gather the demographic, lipid profile, disease characteristics and lifestyles behaviors and filled by the researcher through direct interview. Results: The total number of poor controls was 221 and the good control was 119 patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding sex, age, marital status and occupation. A significant association was observed between the control status and high education level (p=0.001) dyslipidemia (p=0.001), cholesterol level (P=0.002), high TG level (p<0.001), and LDL level (p=0.025). Smoking, Body Mass Index and HDL level were not significant factors (p>0.005). All disease characteristics including the duration, family history of DM, FBS, type of medication were significant factors (p<0.001). Lifestyles  behaviors including  self-monitoring, healthy diet, physical activity, and adherence were significant factors (p<0.001). Conclusion: The most important potential risk factors for poor control diabetes were dyslipidemia, poor adherence and longer duration of diabetes. Enhancement of education of the patients and their healthcare providers on these factors are great benefit in glycemic control.

The problem is that dangerous dust particles can cause health problems. Risk factors for cancer are free radicals, secondary lifestyle, lack of healthy food, and radiation exposure. Cancer has high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this community service activity is to increase optimal levels of health, to know about the prevention and early detection of cancer through healthy consumption patterns and appropriate physical activity as well as to increase people's knowledge, behavior and attitudes towards cancer problems and also to know the health conditions of residents based on the results. simple laboratory (weighing body weight, height, abdominal circumference, checking body temperature, checking oxygen levels in the blood, checking blood pressure, instant blood sugar, uric acid, cholesterol) to prevent the occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) at PKK RT 01 RW 002 Kragan Village, Gondangrejo.  The result of the implementation of this community service is outreach to women from PKK PKK RT 01 / RW 02, Kragan village, Gondangrejo, which results in increasing knowledge regarding the prevention and early detection of cancer and health checks through simple laboratory checks for women from PKK PKK RT 01 / RW 02, Kragan village. , Gondangrejo can be used as a reference in knowing each individual's health, so that efforts can be made to maintain and maintain better health. The advice given in this community service activity is that to increase maximum results until there is a change in behavior in the community, a continuous health education program is needed so that it will motivate the community to carry out healthy behavior in order to improve the community's own health.

Stroke is a fuctional disorder tahat manifest as nerve paralysis, resulting from either an obstruction of blood flow to the brain due to a lock of oxygen or a cessation of blood supply due to blockage or bleeding. The risk factors are blood pressure, cholesterol, history of diabetes mellitus, history of smooking, atrial fibrillation, body mass index, physical activity, and family history of stroke. This study aims to determine the factors associated with stroke incidence. This typeof researchis descriptive and has a retrospective study design. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling wit a sample size of 60 respondents, where the population was 4355stroke patients. The research results used the stroke risk scorecard (SRSC)measuring tool. The statistical is Chi-square. The research results showed that the majority of respondents were erderly, aged 46-65 tahun years (80,0%), male (50,0%), female (50,0%) and had comorbid hypertension (56,7%). N  The Chi-square test revealed several risk factors, including blood pressuare, a history ofdiabetes mellitus,smoking history, atrial fibrilation, BMI, and family history of risk. Menwhile, the results of the multiple linear regression test show that the most dominant variable is physical activity, with a standardized cooefficient betta valueof 0,366. It is hoped that the results of this research can be used as a basis for input for health servise providers to provide comprehensive nursing care for stroke patients.  

Hyperuricemia is defined as increased levels of uric acid in the blood, this can result in gout which is characterized by pain and redness in the joints. Currently, increased uric acid levels are often caused by excessive consumption of red meat including offal, being overweight, consuming foods high in cholesterol, and rarely exercising. The purpose of this counseling and examination of uric acid levels is to increase public knowledge about gout and gout screening by conducting uric acid examinations using POCT. The implementation method used is direct delivery of material related to gout, symptoms, and prevention including screening of uric acid examinations using the POCT method.

        Tribulus terrestris L.,Gokshur in Sanskt,  is an annual herbaceous, little prostrate, silky from the Zygophyllaceae family. It is found in extensive, arid, and scorching regions of India. is used in traditional folk medicines as an aphrodisiac, astringent, lithotriptic, diuretic, and urinary disinfectant.     however, uneven, pinnae, elliptical leaves. Sprinkled, round, compressed, five-cornered, transverse partitioned carpel fruits with many seeds ripen in July. Pieces of the cylindrical-fibrous root are 7-18 cm and 0.3-0.7 cm wide. According to reported studies, the investigations indicated the presence of the saponins ;gitogenin, tigogenin, neogitogenin, hecogenin, and flavonoid tribuloside was kaempferol-3-glucoside. Furthermore, Tribulus terrestris plays a vital role in hepatotoxicity and is greatly reduced by Tribulus extracts. Similarly, T.terrestris plays a remarkable role in reducing the elevated level of serum glucose, triglycerides, VLDL, and cholesterol. This study aims to conduct a preliminary analysis of the phytochemicals of Tribulus leaves cultivated in Iraq and to determine the active constituent of the ethanolic extract of the leaves using Gc-Mass. Qualitative detection of herbal leaves in Iraqi soil, investigated by GC-MASS revealed important constituents. The funding shows a new compound; dihydrocoumarin and other major constituents neophytadiene and alpha-tocopherol.

Premenopause is a transitional period between the reproductive period and the elderly which is physiological and occurs around age of 45-55 years. Conditions premenopause phase are caused by hormone changes, decreased levels of hormone estrogen. Hormone estrogen functions to regulate balance of body fat and maintain lipolysis in fat tissue and can also prevent in blood by increasing HDL cholesterol levels and reducing triglyceride levels. Atherogenic Index (IA) is a new marker to measure level of atherogenicity directly related to the risk of atherosclerosis  calculated from the Log ratio (TG/HDL-c). This research aims to determine the risk profile of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in premenopausal women using lipid profile ratios. This study used an analytical method with a cross sectional approach. From 40 subjects who met research criteria, atherogenic index result in low risk category were 6 (15%) people, medium risk 21 (52.5%) people, and high risk 13 (32.5%) people. Based on the research it can be concluded the atherogenic index in premenopause women is 0.27 which the high risk.

Sanitation and hygiene are crucial aspects of public health, especially in island areas like Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu. This activity aims to enhance the community's understanding and awareness of hygiene sanitation through health education. The methods used include interactive education, health screening, and evaluation using pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The results of this activity showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge levels, from 50% before the education to 85% afterward. Health screening revealed a tendency for high cholesterol levels, as well as some cases of blood sugar and uric acid levels exceeding normal limits among the residents. Analysis of local snacks did not show any contamination with borax and formalin, indicating food safety awareness among vendors. Meanwhile, marine biota exploration found the potential of seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata) with alkaloid content that can be further developed. These findings highlight the importance of continuous education, targeted health interventions, and the utilization of local natural resources to improve the quality of life of Pramuka Island residents.

Hypercholesterolemia is an elevation of cholesterol levels exceeding 240 mg/dl. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug classified as a statin. Improper medication use is often due to incomplete or incorrect information obtained by patients, which can impact their level of knowledge. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between patients' knowledge levels on hypercholesterolemia and the accuracy of simvastatin medication use at pharmacies in Weru Sub-District, Sukoharjo. The study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional research design. Sample selection used purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The instrument for this research utilized a questionnaire distributed to 110 respondents. The research findings revealed a correlation coefficient value of 0.383 and a significant value (P Value) of 0.001<0.05, indicating that the alternative hypothesis was accepted. In conclusion, there was a significant correlation between the variables of patients' knowledge levels on hypercholesterolemia and the accuracy of simvastatin medication use at pharmacies in Weru Sub-District, Sukoharjo.    

Hypercholesterolemia is an elevation of cholesterol levels exceeding 240 mg/dl. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug classified as a statin. Improper medication use is often due to incomplete or incorrect information obtained by patients, which can impact their level of knowledge. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between patients' knowledge levels on hypercholesterolemia and the accuracy of simvastatin medication use at pharmacies in Weru Sub-District, Sukoharjo. The study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional research design. Sample selection used purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The instrument for this research utilized a questionnaire distributed to 110 respondents. The research findings revealed a correlation coefficient value of 0.383 and a significant value (P Value) of 0.001<0.05, indicating that the alternative hypothesis was accepted. In conclusion, there was a significant correlation between the variables of patients' knowledge levels on hypercholesterolemia and the accuracy of simvastatin medication use at pharmacies in Weru Sub-District, Sukoharjo.    

Cholesterol is a fatty substance that circulates in the blood and is yellowish in color, and has a texture similar to wax, produced by the liver and is needed by the body. One plant that can lower cholesterol is single black garlic. This study aims to determine the anti-cholesterol content at various fermentation times for single black garlic. The research was carried out using single black garlic samples with fermentation times of 5, 10 and 15 days. One alternative that can be chosen to lower cholesterol levels is to consume single garlic into single black garlic, fermentation produces a sweeter and softer taste and reduces the sharp taste and aroma of fresh garlic, making it more preferred by many people. Samples were analyzed quantitatively using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The maximum λ value was obtained at 636.5 nm with the linear regression equation y = 0.0002x + 0.3098 and (r) at 0.9945. In quantitative tests, all variations in fermentation time can reduce cholesterol. Fermentation samples for 5, 10 and 15 days respectively obtained an EC50 value of 1067.07; 1185.5; 1354.65 ppm, while the positive control simvastatin got an EC50 value of 961.25 ppm. It can be concluded that the best fermentation time is 5 days of fermentation because the smaller the EC50 value, the stronger the anti-cholesterol power.

A thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by decreased or absent production of hemoglobin. Symptoms of thalassemia vary greatly from patient to patient but may include anemia, fatigue, and susceptibility to infections that can plague their quality of life. Therefore, a detailed evaluation of the serum biomarker profile in thalassemia patients is necessary to elucidate its effects on the body. This study was performed to define the serum biomarker profile. This study aimed to evaluate the serum marker levels among 100 thalassemic patients and compare them with their physiological ranges. Blood urea (B.UREA), serum creatinine (S.CREAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (Alt), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum bilirubin (TSB), serum uric acid (S.U.A), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), albumin (Alb), serum calcium (S.CA) and Carbohydrate Antigen 15-3 (CA15.3) were analyzed comprehensively as key indicators in this study. The test showed that B. UREA's mean number was 24.33±0.8805, which was safe within normal limits. So, no abnormal results were found for this indicator in our tests despite the fact that others showed irregularity. The means of the values measured by S.CREAT, AST, AlT, AlP, TSB, S.U.A, TG, CHOL, AlB, S.CA, and CA15.3 were respectively, 0.8109±0.2007, 28.93±3.325, 26.1±2.698, 101±13.64, 3.261±1.978, 12.78±8.951, 146.8±87.2, 147.5±22.89, 67.94±44.7. This study makes valuable contributions to the field by elucidating the serum biomarkers of individuals with thalassemia and presenting changes in some markers compared to normal levels. However, further research is required in order to investigate the clinical significance of such alterations.2, 9.392±0.4079, and 42.08±7.275.

Fatty liver is a medical condition in which fat builds up in liver cells, which can develop into steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer if not treated properly. Fatty liver in the elderly causes an increased risk of serious complications due to the high prevalence of metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity which are more common in the elderly. The importance of education and understanding risk factors so that the elderly community can adopt a healthy lifestyle is the main focus of this community service activity. Through the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) method, initial assessment, education, implementation of healthy eating and exercise patterns, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention are carried out. The results showed that the majority of elderly people had cholesterol levels and liver function within normal limits, although 9.7% had hypercholesterolemia and 43% had SGOT levels that were not optimal. Continuous education and support are key in preventing and managing fatty liver and dyslipidemia in the elderly, thereby improving their quality of life.

This research reviews the relationship between body weight and increased cholesterol levels. This research was carried out at the Kebun Jatirono Health Center, Kalibaru District, Banyuwangi using observational analytical research and using cross-sectional measurements because in this research the researcher aims to determine the existence of a relationship between the two variables being studied by only observing without intervention on the variables to be studied and measurements or observations of respondents who were overweight were 22 employees or 73.3%. Then, most of the employees at the Kebun Jatirono Health Center, Kalibaru Banyuwangi District who were respondents experienced increased cholesterol levels, namely 14 people or 46.7% had moderate cholesterol levels. And there is a relationship between employee overweight and increased cholesterol levels at the Kebun Jatirono Health Center, Kalibaru Banyuwangi District. Using the Spearman Rank Correlation statistical test, the calculated ρ value = 0.573 > from the table ρ value = 5% Error Degree = 0.363 and 1% Error Degree = 0.478.

Hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated levels of lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, significantly increases the risk of atherosclerosis, which causes cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Genetic tendencies and unhealthy lifestyles such as diet, smoking, and physical activity can cause this. This condition often does not cause symptoms, so it is necessary to carry out regular health checks. This activity uses the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) methodology to screen for hyperlipidemia in the elderly at the Hana Nursing Home, South Tangerang. This activity included 61 respondents, and 28 people (45.9%) experienced hypercholesterolemia. These results highlight the importance of routine lipid screening in identifying individuals at risk early, enabling timely intervention. This examination can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality, thereby improving overall quality of life.

Stroke is a functional disorder of the brain with varied clinical manifestations, which occurs suddenly due to disturbances in cerebral blood circulation. Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability despite its increasing prevalence. Promotive and preventive efforts are still the main priority in efforts to reduce morbidity, disability and mortality. Early detection of someone who has risk factors is very necessary considering that stroke can attack anyone at any time. STIKES Kesdam IV/Diponegoro is a health university that has a vision of global competitiveness, so it really supports the Tri Dharma of Higher Education activities at the international level, including carrying out community service activities in the health sector in the Philippines. This community service activity is a promotional activity in the form of education about stroke and a preventive activity in the form of screening for stroke risk factors directly to the community. Screening is carried out for 3 stroke risk factors, namely blood pressure, cholesterol levels and blood sugar levels. The results of community service showed that after providing education using posters and leaflets, there was an increase in the knowledge of LBB Mabini Apartelle residents regarding definitions, modifiable risk factors, and stroke prevention. The health screening results of the 20 people examined showed that 40% had a risk of stroke from measuring blood pressure and 20% had a risk of stroke from measuring cholesterol.

This study aims to elucidate the cultural significance embedded within the culinary lexicon of the Tanjung Balai community. Leveraging the frameworks of ecolinguistics and cognitive anthropology, this research interprets the cultural values inherent in culinary lexicon. Through analysis, it was deduced that the Tanjung Balai culinary culture embodies multifaceted functions, encompassing cultural, social, and health dimensions. The cultural function serves to delineate the identity and distinctiveness of the community. Socially, it fosters notions of camaraderie, familial bonds, neighborhood cohesion, industriousness, environmental stewardship, etiquette, resilience, optimism, collaborative spirit, and unity. Additionally, the health function ascribes medicinal properties to ingredients, believed to promote well-being such as lactation, cardiovascular health, and overall bodily wellness. Furthermore, these culinary elements are purported to remedy various ailments including stomach ailments, cholesterol issues, stiffness, dental discomfort, and asthma.