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This study aims to determine the financial management strategies implemented and their contribution to increasing the level of company profitability at PT Sarana Baja Perkasa. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data sources in this study consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with related parties, namely the financial manager, financial staff, and cashiers at the company's head office. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from various internal company documents relevant to the study. Data collection was carried out through interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, with data validity testing using source triangulation and member checking. The results of the study revealed that the financial management strategies implemented include financial planning, cash flow management, cost control, and working capital management that are carried out in a structured manner. The implementation of these strategies has a significant role in increasing company profitability through effective and efficient financial management, thereby driving profit increases, maintaining financial stability, and supporting the company's business sustainability

This study aims to understand the psychological dynamics of bilih fish traders at Lake Singkarak in facing periods of scarcity, including psychological processes, survival strategies, and the impacts experienced. This research employs a qualitative approach using the Miles and Huberman data analysis model, which includes data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results show that the traders possess strong psychological resilience in dealing with economic and environmental pressures. Cognitively, they demonstrate adaptive thinking and maintain optimism; affectively, they are able to manage negative emotions such as anxiety and stress; and conatively, they remain active in making efforts to sustain their businesses. The adaptive strategies implemented include business diversification, restructuring of capital management, and strengthening social networks with fishermen and other business actors. These dynamics are influenced by internal factors such as experience, religious values, and social responsibility, as well as external factors such as environmental conditions and market competition. Overall, psychological resilience, social values, and spirituality are key factors in maintaining business sustainability during periods of scarcity. Therefore, support from the government is needed in the form of training, financial assistance, and policies that favor local business actors.

This study aims to analyze innovative strategies that can be implemented by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in East Java to improve competitiveness through digital marketing and e-commerce. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a library research method by reviewing various scientific literature, government reports, and previous studies related to MSME innovation and digital transformation. The results of the study indicate that digital marketing and e-commerce innovation can increase market reach, operational efficiency, product differentiation, and MSME sales. However, the implementation of innovation still faces several challenges such as low digital literacy, limited capital, limited technology, and lack of system integration. Therefore, innovative strategies are needed, including integrated digital marketing, marketplace optimization, social commerce, digital payment systems, logistics integration, digital branding strengthening, and digital literacy training. In addition, collaboration between MSMEs, government, universities, communities, and digital platforms is an important factor in accelerating MSME digital transformation. This study produces recommendations for an innovative strategy model based on digital marketing and e-commerce to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs in East Java.

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) constitute a pivotal pillar of local economic resilience in Bandar Lampung, particularly in the fashion, salon and beauty, and professional service sectors. Notwithstanding their considerable growth potential, many MSMEs continue to encounter structural constraints that impede business expansion, most notably limited entrepreneurial capability, restricted access to capital, and the suboptimal utilization of digital marketing. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to examine the partial and simultaneous effects of entrepreneurship training, capital access, and digital marketing strategy on MSME business expansion. This research employed a quantitative explanatory design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected from 100 MSME owners selected through purposive sampling from a population of 2,785 enterprises, and were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The findings reveal that entrepreneurship training does not exert a statistically significant effect on business expansion (B = 0.000; p = 0.998), indicating that training, in isolation, has not yet been effectively translated into concrete growth-oriented business practices. By contrast, access to capital has a positive and significant effect (B = 0.263; p = 0.001), demonstrating that financial accessibility enhances operational scale and market development. More importantly, digital marketing strategy emerges as the most influential determinant of business expansion (B = 0.593; p < 0.001), confirming that digital platform utilization substantially strengthens market reach, customer engagement, and business competitiveness. Simultaneously, the three variables significantly affect MSME expansion (F = 34.061; p < 0.001), with an explanatory power of 51.6%. It can therefore be concluded that MSME expansion is primarily driven by the synergy of financial accessibility and digital market adaptation, while entrepreneurship training becomes meaningful only when effectively operationalized within business practice.

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of Izhar Majid’s election, as he successfully maintained his position as a legislative member in Jambi Province and achieved a significant victory in his constituency despite intense political competition. His success is notable because he does not come from a political family, lacks elite family connections, and was still able to maintain his voter base after switching political parties. This condition raises questions about how he utilized political capital to gain public support. The study aims to analyze the forms, strategies, and utilization of political capital in winning political contests. Using political capital theory, this descriptive qualitative research collected primary data through interviews and secondary data from documentation, literature, and official election results. The findings show that his success was driven by the optimization of integrated political capital. Social capital was built through strong networks with community leaders and voter groups. Symbolic capital emerged from his positive image and reputation. Economic capital supported structured campaign activities. Combined with direct public engagement and targeted communication media, these factors significantly increased his visibility and electability.

The presence of BUMDes is an important factor in improving the economy and community independence, such as through the village savings and loan program. However, the lack of socialization and inaccurate targeting of program recipients are problems that have implications for BUMDes capital turnover. This study aims to explain the optimization of the savings and loan program in BUMDes in realizing the economic independence of the community of Kalimanah Kulon Village, Kalimanah District, Purbalingga Regency. This study uses a qualitative case-study approach. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results show that the BUMDes savings and loan program is able to increase village income and community welfare, although it is still not optimal. In its implementation, there are several obstacles that have the potential to hinder the implementation of this program, including the issue of inadequate human resources, minimal business planning and innovation, and low community participation in loan repayment and BUMDes business management. Therefore, adequate planning by the village government to increase the capacity of managers and community participation, as well as strengthening institutions and collaboration with relevant stakeholders in BUMDes business management are important prerequisites for optimal program achievement. In addition, intensive and ongoing outreach to all levels of society regarding BUMDes programs is needed to ensure BUMDes can more optimally fulfill their role in improving village welfare and independence.

Food and beverage companies must maintain a robust capital structure to compete effectively amidst the intense pressures of globalization and achieve their strategic objectives. This study aims to examine the impact of profitability, asset structure, company size, and solvency on the capital structure of food and beverage firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and included in the LQ45 index. This study uses an explanatory method with purposive sampling technique, where samples are determined based on companies that have completed financial reports during the research period and are indexed in LQ45. Data analysis was performed using t-tests and F-tests. The results show that profitability (ROA), asset structure, and company size (Ln Total Assets) do not have a significant partial effect on capital structure (DER), meaning that these three factors do not directly influence companies' decisions on the use of debt for financing. However, solvency (DAR) was found to have a significant effect on capital structure, indicating that a company's ability to meet its long-term obligations plays an important role in determining the level of debt used for operational financing. Simultaneously, the four independent variables had a significant effect on capital structure, meaning that all variables together contributed to influencing food and beverage companies' decisions in determining their financing strategies.

This study examines the legal implications of the regulation of foreign investment (FDI) and domestic investment within the Indonesian legal system, as well as its relation to national economic sovereignty. The background of this research is rooted in the need of developing countries, including Indonesia, to attract investment in order to promote economic growth while still safeguarding national interests as mandated by the constitution. This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that although foreign and domestic investments are regulated under a single legal framework through Law Number 25 of 2007, there are significant differences in terms of legal subjects, business entities, as well as ownership and sectoral restrictions. These differences do not constitute discrimination, but rather reflect the state’s protective legal policy. On the other hand, foreign investment brings positive impacts such as capital inflow, technology transfer, and market expansion. However, it also poses potential risks, including economic dependency and reduced policy autonomy. Therefore, a balance between investment openness and regulatory control is necessary to ensure that economic sovereignty is maintained and the benefits of investment can be optimally realized for society.

This paper focuses on a legal review of foreign investment regulations in Indonesia, a crucial aspect that underpins most of the discussion. Furthermore, it frequently highlights the implications of legal regulations on investment, including foreign investment, in several related regulations, such as the Job Creation Law and the Investment Law, for market volatility, corporate governance, and stock prices in Indonesia. This paper emphasizes a normative-empirical context, focusing on a review of capital market investment regulations and secondary analyses conducted through several journals reporting on the effectiveness of foreign investment for local companies, enhancing their image as local companies, a trend inevitably driven by local interests. This is further supported by the use of various important theories, such as foreign investment theory, the legal framework for foreign investment, stock performance theory, and efficient investment, as crucial theoretical considerations in the discussion. The point of the results of the discussion in this writing is then emphasized on its focus, namely the results of the review of the legal regulations regarding capital markets that include foreign capital markets, which also discusses the results of research reports from various journals related to the implications of foreign investment regulations as well as the challenges and discussions of harmonization regarding existing investment regulations in Indonesia.

The global rise in life expectancy toward the 100-year threshold has accelerated the emergence of the silver economy, significantly affecting organizational leadership structures, particularly in terms of succession stagnation risks and potential loss of institutional knowledge. This study aims to develop a comprehensive longevity leadership strategy to manage senior leaders and optimize leadership succession in the context of demographic transition. The research employs an integrative literature review with thematic analysis of reputable international and national journal articles published within the last five years. The findings reveal that effective longevity leadership strategies emphasize repositioning senior leaders from operational roles to strategic mentors through knowledge-sharing mechanisms and phased retirement approaches. Furthermore, successful succession in an aging workforce depends on role flexibility and the establishment of new psychological contracts that recognize and value the wisdom of senior leaders. This study contributes theoretically by proposing a dynamic succession model that bridges intergenerational gaps. Practically, it offers guidance for human resource practitioners in designing age-inclusive retention strategies and leadership transition policies.Overall, the proposed strategy supports organizational stability while fostering sustainable innovation through the optimal utilization of senior human capital.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Psychological Capital, work motivation, and workload on the performance of Training Officers at the Infantry Education Center (Pusdikif) of the Indonesian Army's Infantry Training Center (Pussenif. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design. The research population consists of all 60 non-commissioned officer trainers at Pusdikif Pussenif TNI AD. Data collection was conducted using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS 29. The results show that Psychological Capital has no significant effect on the performance of non-commissioned officer trainers. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance and is the most dominant variable. Workload has a positive and significant effect on performance. Simultaneously, Psychological Capital, work motivation, and workload have a significant effect on the performance of Training Officers. The research model has a very strong relationship (R = 0.856) with an explanatory power of 73.3%. This study shows that the performance of military trainers is more influenced by work motivation and task demands than by personal psychological factors. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for the leadership of the Indonesian Army's education units in increasing work motivation and managing the workload of trainers proportionally to support the improvement of military education performance.

Financial performance is an important indicator for assessing the sustainability and growth prospects of a company, where a sustained negative net profit may indicate financial and operational problems (Aminah, 2015). The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial performance of PT GoTo Gojek Tokopedia Tbk for the period 2019-2023 based on NPM, ROA, and ROE. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. The data was sourced from the official website of PT GoTo Gojek Tokopedia Tbk for the period 2019-2023. The results show that all profitability ratios, namely Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE), are in an unfavorable condition and far below the standards set by Bank Indonesia (2004), namely NPM 3%–9.5%, ROA 0.5%–1.25%, and ROE 5%–12.5%. NPM was consistently negative from -276.74% (2019) to -373.12% (2023), indicating that the company has not been able to generate net income from its revenue due to high operating expenses. ROA was also negative throughout the period, ranging from -112.57% (2019) to -167.33% (2023), indicating that assets have not been utilized efficiently. Similarly, ROE recorded negative values from -162.02% (2019) to -253.41% (2023), reflecting that shareholders' capital has not been optimally managed and has not provided returns, so that overall financial performance requires a more effective financial management strategy.

The rapid growth of beverage franchises in Indonesia, particularly MIXUE with over 4,000 outlets, necessitates an in-depth examination of the financial management strategies underlying its success. This study aims to analyze the effects of working capital management, supply chain support, and operational cost efficiency on financial performance, as well as to evaluate the investment feasibility of the MIXUE franchise in Indonesia. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory approach was employed, utilizing multiple regression analysis and capital budgeting methods including Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Return on Investment (ROI). Data were collected from 50 franchise outlets across Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, and Semarang during 2022-2024, supplemented by in-depth interviews with 15 franchisees and 3 regional managers. Results reveal that all three independent variables significantly and positively affect financial performance: working capital management (β = 0.412; p = 0.002), supply chain support (β = 0.358; p = 0.008), and operational cost efficiency (β = 0.486; p < 0.001) with R² = 0.684. Investment feasibility analysis indicates an average positive NPV of IDR 290.1 million, IRR 36.5%, PP 22.2 months, and ROI 56.5%. This study contributes novel insights by integrating financial and supply chain analysis within the context of beverage franchising in emerging Asian markets, providing a comprehensive evaluation framework for prospective investors and franchise system developers.

Digital revolution and the disruption of the global labor market have made public organizations, especially vocational training institutions, even more complicated. This study seeks to examine the impact of dynamic skills on institutional resilience, with innovative leadership serving as a mediating variable. The study employed a quantitative methodology, utilizing data collected from 180 employees at the Medan Vocational and Productivity Training Center (BBPVP). We used Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to look at the data. The findings indicate that dynamic capabilities exert a positive and significant influence on institutional resilience, underscoring the necessity for an organization to identify, capitalize on opportunities, and adapt to change. Dynamic qualities also have a big effect on inventive leadership, which is very important for making organizational change happen. Innovative leadership demonstrably influences institutional resilience and serves as a partial mediator between dynamic capabilities and institutional resilience. This research offers a theoretical advancement by synthesizing institutional theory, dynamic capacities, and innovative leadership to elucidate public organizational resilience. In practical terms, the findings of this study have significant significance for enhancing the adaptive capacity of vocational training institutions in the context of digital disruption.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in promoting economic growth and improving community welfare, particularly at the regional level. In Nagekeo Regency, the ikat weaving craft sector represents an important local economic potential that also carries significant cultural value. However, weaving entrepreneurs still face several challenges, including limited business capital, restricted market access, and low utilization of digital technology for product marketing. This study aims to analyze the role of the Department of Cooperatives, Industry, and Trade of Nagekeo Regency in empowering MSME actors, particularly ikat weaving groups. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The study involved 18 informants consisting of local government officials, MSME actors, and institutional partners selected through purposive sampling. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, while data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the department performs facilitative, educative, and technical roles in empowering weaving groups through production training, digital marketing assistance, provision of business facilities, and technical guidance on product innovation. These programs contribute to improving weavers’ skills, product quality, and market opportunities, although their implementation still faces limitations related to budget constraints and uneven program coverage.

Slum upgrading is a strategic step in improving the quality of life of urban communities, where its success is largely determined by the active involvement of local residents. This study aims to analyze the level of community involvement in the implementation of slum upgrading in Mantuil Village, South Banjarmasin District. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 98 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to measure the level of participation in four stages of the activity. The results show that community involvement is in the good category, but has an uneven distribution. The highest average scores were found in the utilization stage (30.44) and maintenance stages (30.23), indicating that community participation is driven by the principle of direct benefit from the infrastructure being built. Conversely, participation in the planning and implementation stages tends to be lower due to structural barriers such as time constraints and respondents' economic burdens. These findings confirm that sustainable settlement upgrading requires synergy between community social capital and government policies that are adaptive to the geographic characteristics of the region, particularly related to tidal flooding vulnerability in riverbank areas.

The retention of customers in the retail banking sector is a critical economic imperative; however, predictive modeling is frequently hindered by severe class imbalance and the “Black Box” nature of complex algorithms. This study proposes a Heterogeneous Stacking Ensemble framework integrating XGBoost, CatBoost, and Random Forest base learners with a Logistic Regression meta-learner to forecast customer attrition. To overcome the pervasive “Majority Class Bias,” we introduce a “Dual-Imbalance Defense” that synergizes the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) with algorithmic cost-sensitive penalization. Furthermore, moving beyond standard accuracy metrics, the framework mathematically derives a dynamic classification threshold to guarantee a strict 0.90 recall rate, actively optimizing the capture of at-risk capital. Model opacity is addressed through the integration of a SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) TreeExplainer. This cooperative game theory approach provides localized, patient-level “Reason Codes” for regulatory compliance and reveals global systemic vulnerabilities, including non-linear drivers such as the “Product Paradox.” Achieving a 0.90 recall rate and an AUC of 0.8654, this framework provides a statistically robust and operationally transparent tool for targeted customer retention.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) constitute the backbone of Indonesia's national economy, contributing approximately 61% of GDP and absorbing 97% of the total workforce; however, the majority of MSME actors, particularly in eastern Indonesia, continue to face structural barriers in digital technology adoption and capital access that constrain optimal business performance. This study aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous effects of marketing digitalization and business capital on MSME performance in Ambon City. A quantitative approach with associative-causal design was employed, involving 30 respondents selected through purposive sampling from active MSME operators in Ambon City. Data were collected via a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS version 26, preceded by validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. Results demonstrate that marketing digitalization exerts a positive and significant partial effect on MSME performance (t = 8.060; sig. = 0.000; β = 1.061), establishing it as the most dominant predictor in the model. Conversely, business capital shows no significant partial effect (t = 0.746; sig. = 0.462), attributable to the homogeneity of capital access among MSME actors in archipelagic regions. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence MSME performance (F = 287.070; sig. = 0.000), with an exceptionally high R Square of 0.955, indicating that 95.5% of performance variance is collectively explained by the two predictors. These findings underscore the critical role of digital marketing capabilities over financial resources alone in archipelagic contexts. It is recommended that the Ambon City Government integrate digital marketing literacy training programs synergistically with inclusive financing schemes to comprehensively strengthen MSME competitiveness across the Maluku archipelago.

Gillnet fisheries play an important role in supporting the local economy and the welfare of coastal communities. However, fishermen still face challenges related to unequal access to livelihood assets and high vulnerability to external factors such as seasonal changes, catch fluctuations, market pressures, and environmental conditions. This study aimed to analyze the level of vulnerability, identify livelihood assets, and formulate strategies for sustainable livelihood development among gillnet fishing communities. The study was conducted in Margasari and Muara Gading Mas Villages in September 2025 using a mixed-method approach, combining questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and field observations. Samples were selected through purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods supported by a Likert scale. The results showed that fishermen’s vulnerability is relatively high (54.5%), affecting income stability. Social (81.4%) and natural (78.7%) assets are relatively strong, while human (38.6%), physic (48.3%), and financial (43.20%) assets remain relatively low. Limited education, lack of training, and restricted access to financial resources are the main constraints, leading to low adaptive capacity and limited livelihood diversification. Recommended strategies include improving human resource capacity, strengthening access to financial capital, and developing livelihood diversification based on local potential. These efforts are expected to enhance household economic resilience and support sustainable livelihoods among gillnet fishing communities.

This study aims to analyze the influence of internal company factors, including company size, networking capital, operating efficiency, liquidity, and leverage, on financial performance, proxied by Return on Assets. The research population includes 40 food & beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2024 period. Using purposive sampling, 17 sample companies were selected, yielding a total of 102 data observations. This study adopts a quantitative approach, using secondary data obtained from the company's annual financial statements. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression to identify partial and simultaneous influences between variables. Empirical findings show that not all internal factors exert a uniform influence on financial performance, as some variables have been shown to have a significant influence, while others do not show a statistically significant relationship. These results have important implications for managers and investors in formulating internal management strategies to drive sustainable profitability