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Anxiety during pregnancy, particularly near the time of delivery, is a common issue that may adversely affect both maternal and fetal health. Elevated anxiety levels are associated with increased pain perception, prolonged labor, and a higher likelihood of complications. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as aromatherapy, are increasingly utilized due to their safety, simplicity, and effectiveness. Lavender aromatherapy is especially recognized for its calming effects and its ability to enhance emotional well-being. Previous research has indicated that lavender scent exposure can reduce both physiological and psychological indicators of anxiety, including among pregnant women. However, evidence from Indonesian primary healthcare settings remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lavender aromatherapy in reducing anxiety levels among pregnant women approaching childbirth. An analytical observational design with a pretest-posttest approach was applied to 30 participants selected through purposive sampling. Anxiety levels were assessed using a validated questionnaire before and after inhalation of lavender aromatherapy administered under standardized conditions. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.The findings revealed a significant reduction in anxiety levels after the intervention (p < 0.05), with all participants experiencing improvement and no adverse effects reported. In conclusion, lavender aromatherapy is an effective complementary intervention to reduce anxiety and support maternal readiness for labor.

Parental involvement is widely acknowledged as a key factor in student academic success, particularly in second language acquisition. However, its impact at the university level, especially among pre-service English teachers, remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between parental involvement and English language achievement among first-year English Education students at Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari Banjarmasin (UNISKA). Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 36 purposively selected participants using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. The instrument measured both the forms and frequency of parental involvement and students’ self-reported performance in English-related subjects. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation via SPSS 26. Findings indicate that students generally perceive moderate to high levels of parental involvement, especially in providing academic resources, financial support, and attending university-related events. However, involvement in educational decision-making and career discussions was notably low. A significant positive correlation was found between parental involvement and students' academic performance, particularly in aspects such as discipline, assignment completion, and encouragement. Emotional impacts such as increased motivation or reduced anxiety showed more mixed responses. These findings highlight the enduring influence of parental support in higher education and suggest further exploration of its emotional dimensions.

Global data shows that more than 60% of adolescents report experiencing moderate to severe stress due to academic and social demands. Physical activity plays an important role in maintaining adolescent mental health. Regular physical activity can stimulate the release of endorphins, improve cognitive function, reduce muscle tension, and reduce levels of cortisol, the main hormone associated with stress. One of the easiest, cheapest, safest, and most accessible forms of physical activity is walking. Walking is a moderate-intensity aerobic activity that has been proven to improve mood, improve sleep patterns, and reduce anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of walking as a physical activity on stress disorders in adolescents. The research method used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach, involving 44 participants, comprising 22 intervention and 22 control subjects. The walking activity was conducted for three consecutive days, with a duration of 60 minutes, from 16:00 to 17:00 WIB, on 16-18 December 2024. The sample criteria were first-year nursing students in their first semester who performed walking activities continuously for three days. The results showed a significant difference in stress levels before and after the intervention, with a significance level of (Z=-3.557, p=0.000). This means that there was a significant difference in stress levels between before and after the physical activity intervention. The difference in stress levels before and after the intervention in the control group was significant (Z=-1.000, p=0.317). This means that there was no difference in stress levels in the control group. The difference in stress levels between the intervention group and the control group after treatment was significant (Z=-3.445, p=0.001). This indicates that there is a significant difference in stress levels between the intervention group and the control group after the physical activity intervention. Walking is an effective, affordable, and feasible intervention for the adolescent population as a promotive and preventive strategy in stress management.

This study examines the role of teachers as Islamic counselors in addressing various psychological problems experienced by students, such as learning anxiety, academic stress, low self-confidence, difficulty controlling emotions, and social problems such as bullying. Teachers serve not only as instructors, but also as murabbi, mursyid, and moral role models in guiding students' spiritual and emotional development. The study used a qualitative method with a library study approach, where data were obtained through relevant literature related to Islamic counseling, Islamic education, and student psychology. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Islamic counseling through strategies such as mau'izhah hasanah, tazkiyah an-nafs, prayer and dhikr, empathy development, and collaboration with guidance and counseling teachers and parents has been proven to reduce students' anxiety and stress levels, increase learning motivation, strengthen morals and character, and provide spiritual peace. Thus, teachers play a strategic role in creating a holistic educational environment and supporting students' psychological well-being. In addition, the implementation of Islamic counseling also plays a role in building students' mental resilience in facing academic and social pressures. In the long term, this will strengthen the Islamic values ​​applied in students, while creating a more resilient and noble generation.

Anxiety is an emotional response to uncertainty or threats that cause feelings of anxiety, worry, excessive tension, which are continuous and can interfere with the patient's process of action and healing, therefore it is necessary to have good and correct therapeutic communication, to build a relationship of mutual trust, empathy, support and help the patient in problem solving. This study aims to identify the Relationship between Nurse Therapeutic Communication and Anxiety Level in Preoperative Patients at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024. The research design uses correlational with a cross sectional approach, purposive sampling technique with a sample of 64 respondents. The instruments used were the nurse therapeutic communication questionnaire and the anxiety questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the majority of therapeutic communication among nurses in the inpatient room of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan was in the good category as many as 34 respondents (53.1%), and the level of anxiety of preoperative patients was majority in the medium category as many as 30 respondents (46.9%). The spearman rank statistical test on SPSS obtained a P-Value = 0.000 which means that there is a relationship between the therapeutic communication of nurses and the level of patient anxiety at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan. It is expected that the nurses in Pauline's room will further improve therapeutic communication to pre-operative patients.

Background: Cardiac catheterization is the most widely used diagnostic and hemodynamic intervention procedure in the world for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Cardiac catheterization can cause anxiety in patients who will undergo it. Objective: To analyze the factors that influence the anxiety of patients who will undergo cardiac catheterization. Method: This study is a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional approach conducted at Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan. The study population was 40 people, and all of them were used as samples (total sampling). The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 95% (= 0.05). Results: This study shows that there is a significant influence between knowledge, family support, past experience, and education level on the anxiety of patients who will undergo cardiac catheterization at Murni Teguh Hospital Medan. This is proven by the chi square test with p values for each knowledge (p = 0.000); family support (p = 0.002); past experience (p = 0.003); and education (p=0.003) which are all less than 0.005. Conclusion: Cardiac catheterization patient anxiety is influenced by knowledge, family support, past experience, and education level. Suggestion: It is recommended that further researchers increase the number of samples and independent variables, considering that many factors influence patient anxiety before cardiac catheterization/angiography

Anxiety is an emotional response that children often experience when facing medical procedures, including circumcision. Unresolved anxiety can have a negative impact, such as increasing pain, disrupting the process of action, and causing trauma. Non-pharmacological efforts such as audiovisual administration and puzzle game therapy can be used to reduce anxiety. This study aims to analyze the difference in anxiety levels in pre-circumcision children between audiovisual giving and puzzle games at Pondok Khitan, Bancang Village, Tahulu Village. Research design using quantitative with post test design only design. The research population is pre-circumcision children at Pondok Khitan, Bancang Hamlet, Tahulu Village with a sample of 40 respondents taken with the purposive sampling technique. Consists of 20 children of the Audiovisual group and 20 children of the Puzzle Game Group. The research instrument is in the form of a child anxiety questionnaire. The research results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of α = <0,05 with an Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.029 < 0.05. the mean rank value of the Audiovisual group of 24.23 and the Puzzle Game group of 16.77 shows that the Puzzle Game is more effective in minimizing anxiety in pre-circumcision children which means H1 is accepted. The discovery of meaningful differences between Audiovisual and Puzzle Games towards anxiety so that the technique can be used as an interactive educational medium.

This study, titled “Happiness According to Hamka and Its Relevance to Efforts to Overcome Mental Distress,” is motivated by the increasing mental strain experienced by modern society, which is reflected in rising levels of stress, anxiety, loss of life meaning, and various forms of depression. These symptoms indicate a deeper spiritual and emotional imbalance that cannot be resolved solely through clinical approaches, but requires insights from philosophical and religious thought. The purpose of this research is to reexamine Hamka’s concept of happiness and identify its relevance in supporting efforts to reduce mental distress in contemporary life. Using a qualitative-descriptive method with a library research approach, this study reviews Hamka’s key writings such as Tasawuf Modern, Falsafah Hidup, and Lembaga Budi alongside literature on psychology and mental health. Through a hermeneutic-philosophical analysis, the study finds that Hamka defines happiness as inner tranquility rooted in faith, sincerity, and spiritual connection with God, rather than material satisfaction or outward pleasures. He emphasizes that true happiness is achieved when intellect, emotion, and faith interact harmoniously, allowing individuals to manage desires, accept destiny, and uphold moral awareness. This perspective is highly relevant for addressing mental distress today, as Hamka highlights the importance of spiritual strengthening and purification of the soul as forms of internal healing capable of fostering resilience and emotional stability.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM type 2) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood glucose due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Its prevalence continues to rise worldwide, including in Indonesia. Psychological stress is known to worsen glycemic control by activating the sympathetic nervous system and increasing cortisol levels, which can cause fluctuations in blood glucose. This case report aims to describe the effect of combining Benson relaxation techniques with warm foot soaking on blood glucose regulation in a type 2 DM patient. The subject was Mrs. M, a 52-year-old woman diagnosed with type 2 DM. The intervention was conducted for seven consecutive days and consisted of daily Benson relaxation followed by warm foot soaking for 15–20 minutes. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after each session using a glucometer and analyzed descriptively. After seven days, the patient’s blood glucose level decreased from 248 mg/dL to 186 mg/dL. She also reported improved relaxation, better sleep quality, reduced anxiety, and decreased fatigue. These findings suggest that Benson relaxation helps activate the parasympathetic response and reduce stress hormones, while warm foot soaking supports improved circulation and metabolic processes. In conclusion, the combination of Benson relaxation and warm foot soaking is a simple, safe, and effective complementary therapy to support blood glucose regulation in type 2 DM patients. This intervention can be integrated into self-care routines and community nursing practice as part of evidence-based non-pharmacological management.

Anxiety in laboring mothers is a psychological factor that can influence the course of labor, particularly during the second stage, and increase the risk of complications such as perineal rupture. Along with obstetric factors, the quality of labor guidance is crucial in preventing perineal trauma. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal anxiety, labor guidance, and the incidence of perineal rupture at Obi Hospital, South Halmahera. Using an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach, the study involved 50 laboring mothers undergoing vaginal delivery, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection took place from February to April 2024, with maternal anxiety measured using a standardized anxiety questionnaire. Labor guidance and perineal rupture were assessed through observation sheets and clinical examinations. Data analysis was conducted univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed a significant relationship between maternal anxiety and labor guidance (p < 0.05), as well as between maternal anxiety and perineal rupture (p < 0.05). Additionally, labor guidance was significantly associated with the incidence of perineal rupture (p < 0.05). Mothers with higher anxiety levels tended to receive poor labor guidance and had a higher risk of perineal rupture. The study concludes that maternal anxiety significantly impacts labor guidance and perineal rupture, emphasizing the need for holistic care that addresses both psychological and physical aspects of childbirth.

The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly continues to increase and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Uncontrolled blood pressure can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Anxiety, which is often experienced by the elderly, also plays a role in worsening hypertension through activation of the sympathetic nervous system and increased stress hormones. This study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and the incidence of hypertension in the elderly at the Kuta Alam Community Health Center in Banda Aceh City. The study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional analytical design. The study population consisted of 145 elderly people with hypertension, with a sample of 59 people selected through a purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted from April 28 to May 8, 2025. Anxiety levels were measured using the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately using the Chi-square test. The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced panic anxiety (39.0%) and Grade III hypertension (44.1%). There was a significant relationship between anxiety levels and the incidence of hypertension in the elderly (ρ = 0.000; ρ < 0.05). In conclusion, anxiety influences the severity of hypertension, so psychological aspects need to be considered in elderly health services at the Kuta Alam Community Health Center.

Patients undergoing surgery often experience preoperative anxiety due to concerns about the outcome, pain, and the risk of complications. Uncontrolled anxiety can affect the patient's physiological and psychological condition and slow the recovery process. One non-pharmacological effort that can be used to reduce anxiety is the finger-holding relaxation technique, a simple method that can help balance emotions and provide a sense of calm. To determine the effect of the finger-holding relaxation technique on changes in preoperative anxiety levels in patients at Batang Regional General Hospital. Method: This study used a descriptive case study approach. The respondents were four patients who were about to undergo surgery and were experiencing anxiety. The intervention was conducted for approximately 15 minutes using the finger-holding relaxation technique. Anxiety levels were measured before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). All respondents experienced a decrease in anxiety levels after the intervention. The average reduction in anxiety scores was 7.25 points. Before the intervention, two patients experienced severe anxiety and two patients experienced moderate anxiety. After the intervention, two patients experienced mild anxiety and two others experienced a decrease to moderate levels. This indicates that finger-holding therapy has a positive effect on reducing preoperative anxiety in patients. The finger-holding relaxation technique has been proven effective in reducing preoperative anxiety in patients. This intervention can be used as a simple, safe, and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological therapy alternative for nurses to improve patient psychological comfort.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal anxiety levels and the timing of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIBF) among primiparous mothers. EIBF, also known as Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD), is a vital procedure that supports the establishment of effective breastfeeding and is recommended globally. Nevertheless, various maternal factors, particularly psychological conditions, may influence the implementation of EIBF. The main objective of this research was to determine whether increased anxiety during the peripartum period is associated with delays in initiating breastfeeding. A correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach was utilized in this investigation. The study population consisted of 77 eligible participants, while the final sample included 69 primiparous mothers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were chosen through purposive sampling. The independent variable was the maternal anxiety level, and the dependent variable was the timing of EIBF implementation. Data were gathered using a structured self-administered questionnaire designed to measure both variables. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. The findings demonstrated a p-value of 0.0389, which was below the significance threshold of 0.05 (p < 0.05), indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis. Therefore, the results revealed a significant relationship between anxiety levels and the timing of EIBF among primiparous mothers. Elevated anxiety was identified as a factor contributing to delayed initiation of breastfeeding. These findings highlight the importance of regular psychological screening and effective anxiety management for first-time mothers during childbirth to facilitate optimal postnatal care, particularly the timely initiation of EIBF.

Menarche is the first transitional period marked in women, known as the first menstruation (menarche). During menarche, physical and psychological changes occur, such as anxiety and sadness, due to the physical changes in this period. The changes usually include pubic hair, armpit hair, and breast development. This often happens among elementary school students, including those in SDN Lampeuneurut. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental support and the level of anxiety in girls facing menarche in SDN Lampeuneurut. This research employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 120 female students in grades 5 and 6 at SDN Lampeueneurut who had not yet experienced menarche. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 55 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. This research was conducted from June 18th to 20th, 2025. The instruments used were a parental support questionnaire and the STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) of anxiety questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a bivariate statistical test, the Chi-Square test. The research findings indicated a significant relationship between parental support and the anxiety levels of female students in facing menarche, with a p-value of 0.011 (p-value < 0.05). This study concludes that parental support is related to a decrease in the anxiety levels of girls facing menarche. This study recommends that schools provide basic reproductive health education from an early age, especially regarding menarche, and that parents understand the importance of providing emotional, informational, instrumental, and appreciative support.

The surgery often causes anxiety, which has an impact on physical and psychological conditions of preoperative patients. The data from WHO shows that 50% patients all over the world experienced anxiety, where 5-25% patients are between 5 and 20 years old, and 50% patients are 55 years old. Pre-operational anxiety reaches 534 million patients. Many factors affect anxiety in patients, including family support. This study aims to acknowledge the correlation between family support and anxiety of post-surgery patients in Meuraxa Regional General Hospital, Banda Aceh. This study employs an analytical correlational method with a cross-sectional approach by involving 51 patients selected using an accidental sampling technique. A family support questionnaire is adopted from Nurwulan, with a Cronbach's alpha 0.856. The questionnaire of anxiety using the APAIS scale of Cronbach's alpha 0.825. Univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The results indicate that among 51 respondents, the level of anxiety is in a medium state, as 26 respondents (51.0%), family support is in the high category, 47 respondents (92.2%), with a P-value 0.026 (P-value < 0.05). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between family support and preoperative anxiety at Meuraxa General Hospital Banda Aceh. Families are expected to continuously provide emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal support so that patients feel calmer, are able to reduce excessive anxiety, and are better prepared to undergo surgery.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system and often leads to fatigue, mobility impairments, and psychological issues such as anxiety and depression, all of which significantly reduce the quality of life of those affected. Yoga therapy, as a holistic non-pharmacological approach, has gained attention as an alternative rehabilitative intervention for MS patients. Objective: The aim of this review is to literatureally examine the effectiveness of yoga therapy on the physical and psychological aspects of individuals with MS, with a particular focus on the duration, frequency, and forms of yoga practice used. Methods: The method employed in this study was a literature literature search across databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate, using clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 15 articles with experimental and quasi-experimental research designs published within the past 10 years were analyzed in this review. Result: The results indicate that yoga is effective in reducing fatigue levels, improving balance and muscle strength, and enhancing daily physical functioning. Psychologically, yoga has been shown to significantly reduce anxiety, stress, and depression, while also improving self-efficacy, focus, and emotional quality of life. Conclusion: In conclusion, yoga is a safe and effective intervention that can serve as a complementary rehabilitative strategy in the management of MS, both physically and psychologically, although further research with stronger methodologies is needed to support its implementation in clinical practice.

Pre-menopause is a transitional phase before menopause characterized by physiological and psychological changes, including physical changes of body shape. These changes often trigger anxiety, especially when body image is perceived negatively. This study aims to determine the relationship between body image and anxiety levels in premenopausal women in Dham Ceukok Village, Ingin Jaya, Aceh Besar, 2025. This research used a quantitative method with a cross- sectional design. The population consisted of all women aged 40–50 years in Dham Ceukok Village, totaling 35 women, chosen using a total sampling technique. The instruments used were a body image questionnaire and an anxiety level questionnaire based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. The study was conducted from May 5 to May 10, 2025. The results showed a significant relationship between body image and anxiety among premenopausal women in Dham Ceukok Village, with a value of 0.035 (p < 0.05). The results indicate that there is a relationship between body image and anxiety in premenopausal women in Dham Ceukok Village, Ingin Jaya, Aceh Besar District. It is recommended that health workers collaborate with the village to be more active in providing counseling or educational activities to maintain physical and mental health, especially for women in the premenopausal stage.

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an examination of infertile women. HSG examination can cause anxiety. Anxiety experienced before the HSG examination includes insomnia, palpitations, fear, feeling tense and even no appetite. Lavender is a plant that can be used to treat anxiety.  Objective: This study to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy inhalation on reducing the anxiety level of infertile women during HSG examinations in the Radiology Room at Muhammadiyah Hospital Gresik. Methods: The research design uses pre-experiment with a one group pre test-post test approach. The research sample was 34 infertile women who underwent HSG examinations from October to December 2023. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling and the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) questionnaire to identify anxiety. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Result: The results of the study showed that almost all (44%) infertile women experienced severe anxiety before being given lavender aromatherapy. Some (50%) infertile women experience mild anxiety after being given lavender aromatherapy. There is an effect of lavender aromatherapy on reducing the anxiety level of infertile women with a value of ? 0.000 < 0.05. Lavender aromatherapy which is rich in linalool can play a role in reducing anxiety. Conclusion: Lavender aromatherapy can be used to reduce anxiety in infertile women undergoing Hysterosalpingography examination.

The third trimester of pregnancy is a phase prone to anxiety due to physical and psychological changes and preparation for childbirth. Knowledge of pregnant women plays an important role in shaping mental readiness and reducing anxiety. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge levels and anxiety levels of pregnant women in the third trimester. The study used a quantitative correlational approach with 24 respondents selected through accidental sampling technique at Jatirogo Community Health Center, Central Kalimantan. Data were collected using a closed questionnaire and analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 41.7 % of respondents had good knowledge and 66.7% did not experience anxiety. The Chi-Square test produced a significance value of p = 0.018, indicating a significant relationship between knowledge levels and anxiety of pregnant women. In conclusion, the higher the level of knowledge, the lower the anxiety experienced by pregnant women in the third trimester.

Fasting as a spiritual and health practice has been practiced for thousands of years in various religious and cultural traditions around the world. In the last decade, researchers have shown increasing interest in the health aspects of fasting, not only from a physiological but also a psychological perspective. This phenomenon is interesting to study further, especially in the context of modern society which often faces stress, anxiety, and various mental disorders. The approach used in this study was a qualitative approach with a literature study method that analyzed in depth various reference sources related to the mental impact of fasting. The results of the review of several studies show that fasting has been proven to have an effect on mental health because it has a significant impact on overall mood improvements, with reduced anxiety levels and increased feelings of calm. Furthermore, another important aspect of mental health is cognitive function, which includes attention, concentration, memory, and executive function. It was found that cognitive alertness is generally maintained during short- to medium-term fasting, but begins to decline after longer fasting durations. Fasting also has an impact on extraordinary psychological resilience and good mental health despite advanced age. Researchers attribute this extraordinary mental resilience to the consistent practice of long-term fasting, which may have induced significant neuroplastic and psychological adaptations.