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Wayfinding adalah proses mencari dan menentukan arah untuk mencapai tujuan dalam suatu lingkungan. Menurut Passini (1984), proses wayfinding meliputi tiga tahap utama: pengambilan keputusan, pelaksanaan keputusan, dan pemrosesan informasi. Proses ini melibatkan berbagai perilaku dan strategi navigasi yang berbeda tergantung perbedaan individual dan keadaan lingkungan. Studi ini mengkaji strategi navigasi berdasarkan klasifikasi perilaku wayfinding Barker (2019), yang mengelompokkan perilaku ke dalam tiga kategori utama: sosial, semantik, dan spasial. Berdasarkan Barker (2019) dan Dalton dkk. (2019) perilaku sosial melibatkan penggunaan informasi dari interaksi atau tindakan orang lain. Perilaku semantik menggunakan simbol dan petunjuk. Sedangkan perilaku spasial bergantung pada elemen fisik dan model kognitif di lingkungan. Melalui pencarian di berbagai database ilmiah, ditemukan 40 artikel yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1980 hingga 2025, dengan persentase penelitian terbaru dalam 10 tahun terakhir sekitar 60% yang dianalisis dalam kajian ini. Hasil dari tinjauan literatur ini menemukan bahwa individu dari berbagai kondisi dan latar belakang memiliki strategi navigasi yang berbeda, ada yang menggunakan perilaku sosial, perilaku semantik, atau perilaku spasial, bahkan ditemukan pula perilaku kombinasi. Pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap variasi perilaku ini memberikan implikasi penting dalam perancangan elemen arsitektur interior maupun sistem navigasi yang inklusif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan seluruh pengguna.  

Diarrhea remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among infants in Indonesia, especially in areas with limited access to clean water and sanitation. This community service activity aims to improve mothers' understanding of the signs and symptoms of diarrhea in children, raise mothers' awareness of maintaining their children's hygiene and health to prevent diarrhea, and provide practical training on the initial treatment of diarrhea. The methods used include interactive lectures, group discussions, demonstrations on making oral rehydration solution (ORS), handwashing practice, and distribution of leaflets. The participants consisted of 30 mothers of young children in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa Subdistrict. Evaluation was conducted using pre-test and post-test knowledge assessments. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in mothers' knowledge regarding the prevention and management of diarrhea. Participants were able to identify diarrhea symptoms, practice making ORS, and were more prepared to take their children to healthcare facilities if dehydration signs were present. This activity demonstrated that community-based health education is effective in enhancing mothers' knowledge and preparedness in preventing diarrhea.

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Word Search Puzzle media on English vocabulary mastery in grade IV students at MIS Nurul Hidayah Medan for the 2024/2025 academic year. Vocabulary mastery is an important aspect of learning English, as it is the basis for language skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and listening. In an effort to improve students' vocabulary skills, innovative, interesting, and interactive learning media is needed. One of the media used in this study is Word Search Puzzle, which is a game to find words in a letter box that can stimulate students' interest in learning and make it easier for them to recognize and remember new vocabulary. This study uses an experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample in this study is all fourth grade students of MIS Nurul Hidayah Medan, which totals 19 people. The research instrument was in the form of a multiple-choice test of 20 questions that measured students' English vocabulary mastery before and after treatment. The data was analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test statistical test with the help of SPSS software. The results of the study showed a significant increase in the average score of students, from 55.26 in the pretest to 82.36 in the posttest. The hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.000 (sig < 0.05), which means that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of Word Search Puzzle media has a significant influence on improving the English vocabulary mastery of grade IV students. These findings indicate that game-based learning media can be an effective strategy in English learning at the elementary school level.

This study explores the meaning of love and courage in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song "Taruh". Music serves as a cultural medium that reflects the construction of social reality, and song lyrics often become a space for expressing personal and collective experiences. The song "Taruh" illustrates the emotional complexity present in human relationships, particularly in interpreting the feelings of love intertwined with acts of bravery. This research employs Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory by examining the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations within the song's lyrics. The descriptive qualitative method is applied, with data obtained through non-participant observation and literature study. The findings indicate that the lyrics of "Taruh" do not portray an idealized version of love; instead, they express a more realistic view of love as something that includes pain, vulnerability, and imperfection. Interestingly, within those imperfections, there is a profound sense of courage—a willingness to endure, to remain, and to accept wounds as a part of emotional life. The syntagmatic analysis highlights how the arrangement of words in each stanza reflects stages of emotional struggle, longing, acceptance, and resilience. On the other hand, the paradigmatic analysis reveals that while alternative words could have been chosen, the selected diction intensifies the emotional nuance without shifting the central message of the narrative. Overall, the song constructs a layered narrative of love, where courage is found not in grand gestures but in silent endurance. This study shows how popular music, through its poetic structure, can communicate complex emotional truths and contribute to deeper cultural understandings of human emotion.

Panji Kahirupan Dance is a Cirebonese mask dance created by H. Taufik Hidayat, the founder of Sanggar Ki Bagus Rangin. This dance portrays the journey of human life, from pre-birth to adulthood, inspired by the changing characters (wanda) of the Cirebon mask tradition. This study aims to describe and analyze the symbolic meanings embedded in the Panji Kahirupan Dance. The research uses a qualitative method with a semiotic approach, allowing the researcher to explore both the denotative and connotative meanings of the symbolic elements in the dance. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and validated using triangulation of techniques and sources. The data analysis involves data reduction to select relevant information, data presentation to synthesize findings, and conclusion drawing to interpret the symbolic meanings of each performance element. The costumes carry symbolic meanings through their colors: white represents the sanctity of life’s beginning, yellow symbolizes spirit, and red denotes ambition. The soft gamelan music contributes to a spiritual and contemplative atmosphere. The floor patterns, such as circles and straight lines, symbolize the life cycle and life’s purpose.

This study aims to determine the work productivity of employees at the Colorbox Sun Plaza Medan store, a local fashion retailer serving the young women’s segment. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with five informants, comprising one Store Manager, one Supervisor, and three employees. The results show that employee productivity is measured by sales target achievement, display area compliance, minimal inventory losses, and positive customer feedback. Factors affecting productivity include work motivation, operational management systems, task allocation, and a supportive work environment. Although overall productivity is satisfactory, challenges such as low visitor traffic and weak supervision in the fitting room area were identified. Therefore, enhancements in motivation, training, and the strengthening of supervisory systems are needed to ensure sustained improvements in work productivity.

The 2025 Thematic Community Service Program (KKN-T) of Group R2 from Janabadra University Yogyakarta was carried out in Kemusuh Hamlet, Banyurejo Village, Tempel Sub-district, Sleman Regency. The main objective of this program was to develop the potential and enhance the capabilities of the local community in managing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in response to the economic impacts of the ongoing construction of the Yogyakarta–Bawen toll road near the area. Through a participatory approach and methods such as field observation, needs analysis, and solution implementation, the students aimed to empower the community to adapt to future economic changes. Key programs included training in financial management, digital wallet creation, product and packaging design, and the use of Google Maps for business promotion. The results showed improvements in awareness, skills, and readiness of the community to manage their businesses independently and remain competitive in the digital era.

This study analyzes Jalaluddin Rumi's poem “This Marriage” from a Sufi perspective, highlighting the spiritual dimension of marriage and divine love. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and stylistic analysis, this research explores how marriage is presented not only as a social union, but also as a path of inner purification and mystical union with God. Primary data is extracted from the translated text of the poem, while secondary sources include academic articles and works on symbolism, Sufism and the concept of love. Analysis reveals that Rumi employs spiritual metaphors such as fruit, shadow and paradise to illustrate the depth of sacred love in marriage. The notion of fana (annihilation of the ego) and baqa (spiritual perennity) is central, underlining marriage as a means to divine union (ittihad). This research contributes to a better understanding of the Sufi vision of conjugal love as a spiritual path. It is suggested that future studies include interdisciplinary analysis and other Sufi works to enrich interpretation.

This study aims to describe the symbolism of rice seeds in the short story Sending the Last Rice Seeds to the Fields by Silvester Petara Hurit which reveals the relationship between various aspects of life and culture of the Lamaholot community, ranging from beliefs, traditions, to the relationship between humans and nature. This study uses a qualitative research method. The findings and discussion of the symbolism of rice seeds in the short story Sending the Last Rice Seeds to the Fields by Silvester Petara Hurit can be concluded as follows, 1) rice seeds as a symbol of life and fertility, 2) rice seeds as a symbol of Lamaholot tradition and culture, 3) rice seeds as a symbol of the relationship between humans and nature, and 4) rice seeds as a symbol of cultural resilience.

Mustofa Bisri's poem “Putra-Putra Ibu Pertiwi” shows the duality of Indonesian life through analysis of symbolism and deep meaning. The results show that there is a balance between good and bad, and morals are the determinants of life's journey. This poem has a social critique that shows how important it is to maintain moral principles amidst the difficulties faced by society today. This study enhances our understanding of the moral and social dynamics found in contemporary Indonesian literature and also expands our understanding of semantics and symbolics in literature.

Indonesia and Malaysia, as neighboring countries, share deep historical, economic, and social ties, leading to significant migration flows between them. However, alongside legal migration, a considerable number of undocumented Indonesian migrants reside in Malaysia, often accompanied by their children, who are born without proper documentation. These undocumented children face severe barriers to education, as Malaysia’s legal framework, influenced by its reservation to Article 28 of the CRC, restricts access based on nationality and legal status. Despite both states being parties to the CRC, which mandates equal educational rights for all children without discrimination, Malaysia’s policies continue to exclude undocumented children from formal education. This study examines Malaysia’s legal stance, its contradiction with CRC obligations, and the impact on Indonesian children. Malaysia, as the host state, must take greater responsibility by ensuring non-discriminatory access to education and aligning its legal framework with its international commitments. The withdrawal of Malaysia’s reservation to Article 28 CRC and potential constitutional amendments are necessary steps toward fulfilling the right to education for all children within its territory.

Children's Storybook "What's Around Ami?" is designed as an educational medium incorporating Biblical values for children aged 4-7 years. Utilizing an anthropomorphic approach and lamb symbolism as its main character, this study aims to create easily understandable character designs. The design methodology includes market observation, interviews with child psychologists and teachers, literature studies on anthropomorphism, and questionnaires to validate character designs. According to child psychologist interviews, children show greater preference for animal characters. This book simplifies complex spiritual concepts while serving as an interactive and engaging solution for parents and educators to teach Christian morals and faith.

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the Ice Breaking Technique on the Learning Motivation of Class VIII Students at One Roof Middle School Negeri 5 Pangururan in Christian Religious Education and Character Education Subjects for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The research method used is a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design type in the form of a One Shot Case Study. The population is all 102 class VIII students at One Roof 5 Public Middle School in Pangururan for the 2023/2024 academic year and a sample of 41 people was determined using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 28 items, namely 12 items for variable Negeri 5 Pangururan Subjects of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for the 2023/2024 Academic Year: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test, obtained a value of rxy = 0.456> rtable(α=0.05,n=41)=0.308. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained a value of tcount= 3.200> ttable (α =0.05, dk=n-2=39)= 2.021. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 20.8%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount> Ftable=( α =0.05, dk numerator k=15, dk denominator=n-2=41-2=39) namely 10.24>1.92. Thus Ha accepted and H0 rejected.

The phenomenon of catcalling is a form of verbal sexual harassment that is often trivialized by society, even though this practice reflects the existence of symbolic power that places women in a subordinate position in public spaces. Catcalling demonstrates the enduring dominance of patriarchal culture, which is embedded through language and actions that appear ordinary yet subtly demean women's dignity. This study aims to describe the forms and characteristics of catcalling, examine catcalling as a manifestation of symbolic violence, and identify the social and psychological impacts experienced by victims. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through direct observation and in-depth interviews with young women at Taman Literasi Blok M. Based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of symbolic violence, this study concludes that catcalling not only has an emotional impact but also reinforces gender inequality that is internalized in social norms. This practice occurs through a symbolic process that is inherited and normalized in everyday interactions.

This community service activity aims to form church youth leadership through basic training carried out in a participatory and educational manner at the HKBP Church, Laguboti Resort, Toba Regency. The activity was carried out on May 2, 2025 at the Simanarium Sipaholon and was attended by 50 active church youth. The implementation methods used include lectures, interactive discussions, leadership simulations, group dynamics, and direct mentoring. This activity is designed in several stages, namely preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the activity showed that the training had a positive impact on participants' understanding of leadership that is devoted and has a Christian character. Participants experienced changes in attitude, increased participation, and showed a new spirit in service. This training has proven to be able to form reflective and responsible leadership characters, as well as encourage active involvement of youth in church life.

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the Ice Breaking Technique on the Learning Motivation of Class VIII Students at One Roof Middle School Negeri 5 Pangururan in Christian Religious Education and Character Education Subjects for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The research method used is a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design type in the form of a One Shot Case Study. The population is all 102 class VIII students at One Roof 5 Public Middle School in Pangururan for the 2023/2024 academic year and a sample of 41 people was determined using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 28 items, namely 12 items for variable Negeri 5 Pangururan Subjects of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for the 2023/2024 Academic Year: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test, obtained a value of rxy = 0.456> rtable(α=0.05,n=41)=0.308. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained a value of tcount= 3.200> ttable (α =0.05, dk=n-2=39)= 2.021. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 20.8%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount> Ftable=( α =0.05, dk numerator k=15, dk denominator=n-2=41-2=39) namely 10.24>1.92. Thus Ha accepted and H0 rejected.

Konflik antara komunitas Hindu dan Muslim di India mengalami eskalasi signifikan sejak naiknya Narendra Modi sebagai Perdana Menteri pada tahun 2014. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif berbasis studi pustaka (library research) dengan pendekatan analisis wacana kritis untuk mengeksplorasi dinamika konflik tersebut. Kerangka teori yang digunakan merujuk pada model Hasenclever & Rittberger (2000), yang mencakup perspektif primordialist, instrumentalist, dan constructivist. Melalui pendekatan ini, artikel menganalisis bagaimana agama berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai sumber identitas, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen politik dan konstruksi sosial yang dipolitisasi. Pendekatan instrumentalist menyoroti bagaimana elite politik, khususnya Partai Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), memanfaatkan retorika dan kebijakan berbasis agama untuk kepentingan elektoral dan konsolidasi kekuasaan melalui ideologi Hindutva. Sementara itu, pendekatan constructivist menjelaskan bagaimana identitas keagamaan dan narasi nasionalisme Hindu dibentuk melalui pendidikan, media, dan simbol-simbol negara yang secara sistematis mengeksklusi Muslim dari wacana kebangsaan. Dengan demikian, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa konflik keagamaan di India kontemporer bukan semata pertentangan iman, melainkan produk rekayasa politik dan sosial yang saling melanggengkan.

Lagu tidak hanya sebagai media hiburan tetapi juga sebagai sarana komunikasi yang mencerminkan emosi tekstual dan makna yang mendalam. Dalam konteks film, lagu digunakan sebagai original soundtrack (OST), memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan narasi dan mediasi emosional dari keadaan internal karakter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis makna konseptual dan makna asosiatif dalam lirik lagu “Selalu Ada di Nadimu”, film animasi Jumbo. Lagu ini dipilih karena sangat puitis dan simbolis, dan diintegrasikan ke dalam tema film yang indah tentang cinta orang tua dan kekuatan batin. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif menggunakan teknik pembelajaran dokumen dan pendekatan dari aspek semantik berdasarkan pemahaman makna literal dan makna yang muncul dari pengalaman emosional dan budaya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pentingnya 51 data penting konseptual, 14 asosiatif dan 5 lainnya yang memiliki makna keduanya, yang mencerminkan kedalaman pesan dan ikatan emosional. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa lirik lagu, khususnya dalam fungsi OST, memiliki potensi besar sebagai objek penelitian linguistik yang kompleks dan bermakna. Lagu dapat mencerminkan pengalaman internal manusia dan interpretasi media yang layak untuk analisis akademik.

This research analyzes the aesthetic values and symbolic meanings of The Siborang Struggle Monument in Padang Sidempuan City. It aims to raise awareness among people who pass by the monument about the importance of remembering the services of heroes who fought tirelessly to defend Indonesia’s independence. The purpose of this research is to describe the aesthetic values based on Monroe Beardsley’s aesthetic theory and to uncover the symbolic meanings according to Langer’s symbol theory, as represented in The Siborang Struggle Monument. The research method employed is qualitative with a descriptive approach, using data collected through observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results show that The Siborang Struggle Monument holds significant aesthetic value through its unique local architectural form and conveys a strong symbolic meaning as a representation of bravery and sacrifice. This is reflected in the statue’s facial expression, which depicts a passionate fighting spirit while carrying war tools such as a sharpened bamboo spear with a flag, Molotov cocktails, and firearms, along with elegant color choices that carry implicit meanings. The study concludes that the monument not only serves as a commemorative structure but also stands as a symbol of national identity and pride. This research is expected to foster a spirit of patriotism and resilience in the younger generation and can serve as a reference for future studies on related topics.

Linear programming is a crucial operations research method for optimization problems in various fields like manufacturing and logistics, but it is often hindered by the absence of a basic feasible solution due to artificial variables. The Big M method addresses this by adding artificial variables and a large penalty, allowing the discovery of a valid initial solution without altering the constraint structure. This research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to examine the implementation of the Big M method in Indonesia from 2015-2025, analyzing journals and proceedings related to linear programming optimization. The review findings indicate that this method is highly effective and flexible for diverse cases such as production, animal feed, and scheduling, capable of handling artificial constraints and optimizing profit or cost. Although efficient, the Big M method has drawbacks, including computational complexity and dependence on the precise selection of the M value, which can affect result accuracy. Overall, the Big M Method remains relevant and important for real-world optimization problems requiring systematic constraint handling.