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This study designs and implements an up-down counter system based on an AT89C2051 microcontroller programmed in assembly using the MC-51 application. The system modifies an existing digital clock board by mapping the display selector pins, seven-segment segment pins, pushbuttons, and buzzer to the microcontroller ports. The research method consists of literature review, hardware identification, algorithm design, assembly programming, program downloading, and functional testing using a 5 V DC supply. The implementation uses a four-digit common-cathode seven-segment display and a multiplexing routine to show the counter value in real time. The functional test shows that the system can display the initial value, increase the value through the up button, and decrease the value through the down button. The display is readable during operation, and the program can run on the target circuit after being downloaded to the AT89C2051. This study confirms that assembly programming on MC-51 can be applied to implement a simple counter system on a reused digital clock circuit. The main limitations are the absence of explicit button debouncing, overflow and underflow protection, quantitative response-time measurement, and non-volatile data retention.

This research aims to analyze and compare traditional Islamic education systems in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, focusing on institutional aspects, education systems, learning methods, and curricula. Using a literature study method with a descriptive qualitative approach, this research examines various relevant literature regarding the dynamics of Islamic education in Southeast Asia. The results show that the three countries share fundamental similarities in educational forms, such as pesantren or pondok, which focus on Islamic sciences and moral cultivation. However, significant differences exist in management patterns and the level of integration with government policies. Indonesia maintains a variety of salaf and modern pesantren, Malaysia exhibits a more structured system integrated with the state, while Thailand specifically in the Patani region tends to be adaptive in response to its Muslim minority status. This comparison concludes that the development of traditional Islamic education systems in each country is heavily influenced by the respective social and political contexts.

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai dengan komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel intervening pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Makassar. Secara khusus, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis: (1) pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap komitmen organisasi, (2) pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai, (3) pengaruh komitmen organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai, dan (4) pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai melalui komitmen organisasi. Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei pada pegawai Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Makassar. Penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus slovin, sehingga diperoleh jumlah responden sebanyak 131 pegawai. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling dengan pengumpulan data melalui kesioner terstruktur. Data dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Medeling (PLS-SEM) dengan bantuan SmartPLS, melalui pengujian outer model dan inner model. Hasil/Temuan – Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disiplin kerja dan kepuasan kerja pegawai berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi. Selanjutnya, disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan secara tidak langsung terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai. Selain itu, komitmen organisasi terbukti memiliki pengaruh signifikan kepuasan kerja pegawai. Hasil pengujian mediasi mengungkapkan bahwa komitmen organisasi berperan sebagai mediator penuh dalam hubungan antara disiplin kerja dan kepuasan kerja pegawai. Temuan ini menegaskan peran strategis komitmen organisasi sebagai penghubung dalam memperkuat pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai.

This study examines the influence of interest rates and the rupiah exchange rate on the money supply in Indonesia during the 2023–2025 period. A quantitative research approach was employed using monthly secondary data obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and Bank Indonesia (BI). The data were analyzed through multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. Several statistical procedures were applied, including classical assumption tests, partial significance tests (t-tests), simultaneous significance tests (F-tests), and coefficient of determination (R²) analysis. The findings reveal that interest rates have a significant negative effect on the money supply, while the rupiah exchange rate exerts a significant positive influence. Furthermore, the simultaneous test indicates that both variables collectively have a significant impact on the money supply. The coefficient of determination shows that 85.4% of the variation in the money supply can be explained by changes in interest rates and the rupiah exchange rate. These results highlight the importance of maintaining stable interest rates and exchange rates as essential components of monetary policy aimed at regulating the money supply and preserving monetary stability in Indonesia.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh profesionalisme ASN, independensi ASN, dan komitmen organisasi ASN terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan daerah pada Badan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BKAD) Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 45 responden. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ASN pada BKAD Provinsi Sumatera Utara, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profesionalisme ASN dan independensi ASN berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan daerah. Sementara itu, komitmen organisasi ASN berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan daerah. Secara simultan, profesionalisme ASN, independensi ASN, dan komitmen organisasi ASN berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan daerah pada BKAD Provinsi Sumatera Utara.

Nilai perusahaan merupakan salah satu indikator utama yang mencerminkan tingkat keberhasilan manajemen dalam mengelola sumber daya keuangan perusahaan. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa likuiditas, profitabilitas, dan leverage memiliki pengaruh terhadap niali perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian asosiatif kausal, yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dan pengaruh antara dua variabel atau lebih.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan mengenai pengaruh likuiditas, profitabilitas, dan leverage terhadap nilai perusahaan menunjukkan Likuiditas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Leverage tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Likuiditas, profitabilitas, dan leverage secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan.

Digitalization in the fitness industry is increasingly essential to improve efficiency and service quality. However, many fitness centers still manage data manually, including KRESNA GYM, which faces challenges in member registration, workout scheduling, and facility information delivery. This study aims to design a web-based e-fitness application using the Laravel framework to support digital service management. The development follows the Waterfall model through stages of requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. The application includes features such as a landing page, admin/member login and registration, management dashboards, workout schedules, equipment guides, and supplement listings. Black-box testing confirms that all features function as expected. This system simplifies administrative processes and enhances member experience, making it effective in supporting digital transformation at KRESNA GYM.

Online maps applications have become an essential tool for modern society in finding the fastest and most efficient routes. However, these applications often fail to detect current road conditions such as flooding, demonstrations, accidents, or public events, causing users to get stuck in problematic routes. This study aims to develop a prototype of a community-based road condition reporting system, visualized through a web-based digital map. The system allows users to directly report road conditions by providing photo evidence, descriptions, and event categories. It is also equipped with features for designing event routes such as carnivals and suggesting alternative paths based on community reports. The development process was carried out using a simulation-based approach with scenario testing that reflects real field conditions, without involving direct user data. The implementation results show that all core features work properly. The technologies used include Leaflet.js, OpenStreetMap, and the Nominatim geolocation API. This research produces an adaptive community-based GIS model that can be further developed as an intelligent navigation solution at the city scale

Phishing is one of the most common and dangerous cyber attacks as it can trick users into providing sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and personal data. This study aims to simulate Phishing techniques using the Zphisher tool as an educational medium to improve cybersecurity awareness. The method used is a quasi-experimental approach involving 30 participants exposed to Phishing scenarios in a controlled environment using Kali Linux. The results show that 83% of participants clicked the Phishing link and 60% entered their credentials, while 40% demonstrated awareness by avoiding further interaction. These findings indicate that cybersecurity awareness is still relatively low, but Phishing simulation is effective as an experiential learning tool.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi strategi manajemen kesiswaan berbasis nilai Kristiani serta kontribusinya terhadap pembentukan karakter peserta didik dalam lingkungan pendidikan multikultural di SDS Unity Primary School. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada meningkatnya kompleksitas keberagaman di lingkungan sekolah yang menuntut adanya pengelolaan peserta didik yang tidak hanya berorientasi administratif, tetapi juga mampu membangun sikap toleransi, penghargaan terhadap perbedaan, dan karakter yang kuat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara, dan analisis dokumentasi sekolah, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kerangka SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen kesiswaan di SDS Unity Primary School diimplementasikan melalui integrasi nilai-nilai Kristiani, seperti kasih, integritas, tanggung jawab, kerendahan hati, dan pelayanan ke dalam berbagai kebijakan dan program kesiswaan. Keberagaman peserta didik yang terdiri atas berbagai agama dan etnis dikelola melalui pendekatan inklusif yang mendorong interaksi lintas budaya dan lintas agama. Analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa identitas spiritual sekolah, program pembinaan rohani, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, serta dukungan orang tua menjadi kekuatan utama dalam pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Di sisi lain, keterbatasan pembina rohani dan tantangan sekularisasi menjadi faktor yang perlu diantisipasi. Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa harmonisasi program kerohanian, ekstrakurikuler, dan program anti-perundungan berbasis pendekatan restoratif berkontribusi terhadap terciptanya iklim sekolah yang aman, toleran, dan harmonis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi manajemen kesiswaan berbasis nilai Kristiani efektif mendukung pembentukan karakter peserta didik serta dapat menjadi model pengelolaan pendidikan multikultural yang inklusif dan berorientasi pada pengembangan karakter secara holistik.

The rapid growth of e-commerce among university students has provided greater convenience in conducting digital transactions. However, it has also created various challenges, including online fraud, discrepancies between advertised and delivered products, delayed shipments, and limited understanding of consumer rights and dispute resolution mechanisms. This community service program aimed to enhance legal literacy and increase students’ awareness of consumer protection in electronic transactions, particularly within the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) of Yapis University Papua. The program employed an educational-participatory approach through counseling sessions, interactive discussions, case simulations, and participant comprehension evaluations. The materials covered consumer rights and obligations, common violations in electronic transactions, complaint procedures on e-commerce platforms, and non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ understanding of consumer protection laws, their ability to identify violations of consumer rights, and their knowledge of appropriate actions when disputes arise in online shopping transactions. Furthermore, participants showed strong engagement throughout the activities and were able to apply their knowledge effectively during case simulations. The program contributed to the development of more critical, informed, responsible, and legally aware digital consumers who are better prepared to engage safely and confidently in e-commerce activities.

Perundungan di sekolah menengah pertama sering kali tidak muncul sebagai agresi verbal yang terang-terangan, melainkan tersembunyi dalam candaan yang telah menjadi norma di kalangan remaja. Bentuk dominan yang ditemukan adalah ejekan yang melibatkan nama orang tua siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti alasan di balik penggunaan ejekan nama orang tua sebagai candaan dalam interaksi remaja, serta memaknainya sebagai bentuk kekerasan simbolik dalam bullying verbal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologis. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan guru Bimbingan dan Konseling serta peserta didik, observasi langsung terhadap interaksi siswa di sekolah, dan dokumentasi pendukung. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa pelaku memandang ejekan nama orang tua sebagai humor dan sarana membangun kedekatan sosial, namun korban mengalami dampak psikologis yang serius, seperti rasa malu, sedih, takut, dan ketidaknyamanan di lingkungan sekolah. Fenomena ini diperkuat oleh dinamika kelompok sebaya, agresi relasional, serta normalisasi bahasa yang dilegitimasi melalui respons lingkungan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa ejekan nama orang tua adalah manifestasi kekerasan simbolik yang dinormalisasi dalam budaya pergaulan remaja, namun kerap luput dari perhatian institusional, sehingga memerlukan perhatian mendalam dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah.

Tuberculosis (TBC) in children remains a serious public health problem in Indonesia, with the 0–14 age group accounting for 16.2% of total notified cases in 2024. The uneven distribution of cases across provinces is thought to be influenced by various social determinants, yet spatial studies specifically on childhood TBC at the national level remain scarce. This study aimed to analyze the spatial pattern of childhood tuberculosis cases and social determinants in Indonesia in 2024 using a spatial ecological design across 38 provinces. Analysis included descriptive statistics, thematic mapping using QGIS, Moran's I test, and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) with queen contiguity weighting matrix. Results showed a strong positive spatial autocorrelation with a Moran's I value of 0.612. High-high clusters were identified in DKI Jakarta, Central Java, Banten, and West Java, which simultaneously recorded high population density and low primary healthcare ratios. Territory-based interventions should be prioritized in these hotspot provinces.

Tuberculosis (TBC) in children remains a serious public health problem in Indonesia, with the 0–14 age group accounting for 16.2% of total notified cases in 2024. The uneven distribution of cases across provinces is thought to be influenced by various social determinants, yet spatial studies specifically on childhood TBC at the national level remain scarce. This study aimed to analyze the spatial pattern of childhood tuberculosis cases and social determinants in Indonesia in 2024 using a spatial ecological design across 38 provinces. Analysis included descriptive statistics, thematic mapping using QGIS, Moran's I test, and Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) with queen contiguity weighting matrix. Results showed a strong positive spatial autocorrelation with a Moran's I value of 0.612. High-high clusters were identified in DKI Jakarta, Central Java, Banten, and West Java, which simultaneously recorded high population density and low primary healthcare ratios. Territory-based interventions should be prioritized in these hotspot provinces.

This study aims to analyze the financial management practices of the Es Degan Bu Ulfa MSME and their compliance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM). The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were obtained through interviews and observations, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively.   This study aims to analyze the financial management practices of the Es Degan Bu Ulfa MSME and their compliance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM). The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were obtained through interviews and observations, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results indicate that financial management is still carried out simply and does not yet implement written records. Business income and expenses still rely on memory, even though business owners perform daily profit and loss calculations and separate personal and business finances. The main obstacles faced include limited human resources and a low understanding of financial record keeping and the SAK EMKM. Based on the analysis, financial management practices are not fully compliant with SAK EMKM standards. Therefore, the implementation of simple financial record keeping is necessary to structure business financial information and support business decision-making. Proper financial management can help improve business performance, monitor cash flow, evaluate profitability, and enhance accountability. Furthermore, the application of SAK EMKM is expected to facilitate access to financing and strengthen the sustainability and competitiveness of MSMEs in an increasingly competitive business environment.

This community service activity aims to boost the self-confidence of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Taniwel Timur, West Seram Regency, many of whom struggle with speaking in public. The activity was conducted through an arts performance as part of the University of Pattimura’s Community Service Program (KKN). The process was divided into three simple stages: preparation (meetings with the school and selecting competitions such as public speaking, poetry reading, or solo singing), implementation (students performed for 2 hours while receiving praise and positive feedback), and evaluation (observing changes such as more confident eye contact and a louder voice). As a result, the students participated actively, and their hesitation decreased significantly due to hands-on practice and support from teachers and peers. The arts performance proved to be an easy and comprehensive way to help students become more confident and sociable.

A balanced diet is a daily dietary pattern that contains nutrients in types and amounts appropriate to the body's needs. Knowledge of balanced nutrition and healthy eating habits is an important factor in preventing nutritional problems among adolescents. A lack of understanding regarding appropriate food choices can lead to unhealthy eating behaviors. Therefore, nutrition education is needed to improve students’ knowledge and awareness of the importance of implementing a balanced diet in daily life. This counseling activity aimed to increase students’ knowledge regarding balanced dietary patterns. The activity was conducted on June 4, 2025, at State Junior High School 5 Kendari and involved 30 seventh-grade students as respondents. The counseling methods included lectures using PowerPoint media, an ice-breaking session in the form of the WHO six-step handwashing simulation, question-and-answer sessions, and interactive quizzes. Evaluation was carried out using pre-tests and post-tests to measure students’ knowledge levels before and after the counseling activity. The results showed an increase in the mean knowledge score from 68.40 in the pre-test to 89.67 in the post-test. The paired t-test analysis showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results. In addition, students gave positive responses to the counseling activity, stating that the material was interesting, easy to understand, and enjoyable. These findings indicate that balanced diet counseling was effective in improving students’ knowledge regarding the implementation of healthy eating habits in daily life.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to allergen exposure. This condition has become a significant global health concern because of its increasing prevalence and substantial impact on quality of life, sleep, cognitive function, and work productivity. AR is also commonly associated with other atopic diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. This article aims to review the current understanding of allergic rhinitis, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and evidence-based management strategies. This study used a narrative literature review method by analyzing scientific articles, clinical guidelines, and peer-reviewed journals published between 2015 and 2025. Literature sources were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant medical databases using keywords related to allergic rhinitis, IgE, diagnosis, and immunotherapy. The findings indicate that allergic rhinitis involves complex immune mechanisms characterized by Th2 lymphocyte activation, IgE production, and inflammatory mediator release. Diagnosis is primarily established clinically and supported by allergy testing such as skin prick tests or serum-specific IgE measurement. Intranasal corticosteroids remain the first-line therapy for moderate to severe cases, while antihistamines and leukotriene receptor antagonists are used as adjunctive therapies. Allergen immunotherapy has shown effectiveness in modifying disease progression and improving long-term outcomes. In conclusion, allergic rhinitis is a manageable chronic disease that requires a comprehensive and individualized treatment approach involving environmental control, pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy.

The development of digital media has transformed virtual public spaces into major arenas for shaping public opinion on religious issues, including Islamic law and sharia in Indonesia. Discussions surrounding sharia on social media are frequently accompanied by stigma and misperceptions influenced by media framing, digital algorithms, and identity polarization. This study aims to analyze the construction of stigma toward Islamic law in the digital era, identify forms of sharia misperception in the Indonesian public sphere, and explain factors contributing to the reproduction of such stigma. This research employs a qualitative approach based on an integrative literature review combined with digital media discourse analysis. Data were collected through scientific literature reviews, social media observations, and analysis of digital content related to sharia discourse. The findings reveal that sharia is often associated with violence, anti-democracy, restrictions on women’s rights, and opposition to modernity due to media simplification and emotionally driven digital content. In addition, low levels of religious digital literacy and the prevalence of echo chambers reinforce the spread of stigma toward Islamic law in virtual public spaces. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening religious digital literacy and promoting moderate and inclusive Islamic narratives in contemporary digital society.

The term "breach of contract" in contract law refers to a breach of promise. Discussions of breach of contract, both in doctrine and jurisprudence, are usually associated with a statement of negligence by the debtor, where the debtor has failed to properly fulfill their contractual obligations, and the debtor is at fault. It must be acknowledged that a breach of contract, or breach of promise, already involves bad faith on the part of the party failing to fulfill their promise. The meaning of "breach of contract" in banking law relates to the occurrence of problem loans at banks, which cause the loan to become non-performing. This is usually due to the debtor or customer not paying by the previously agreed payment date. The existence of a breach of contract is inseparable from the existence of a credit agreement. Whether a debtor is in default cannot be determined simply because there are efforts to rescue loans that have entered a problematic stage. The beginning of a violation of an agreement or default due to someone not being paid, in meeting the credit rescue standards at the bank, usually efforts are made such as Rescheduling, Reconditioning, Restructuring, through this rescue, the debtor is given the opportunity to lose his business, so the concept of default in BW and the Banking Law must be measured through the performance given, in both regulations, then from there the concept of problem credit can be classified. This banking regulation can be said to be a default, the comparison of this concept is the discussion in this thesis.