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The rapid growth of science and technology in the contemporary era has had a considerable impact on social life, especially among adolescents. Adolescents typically encounter difficulty in controlling their emotions and desires, which can lead to deviant behavior or juvenile delinquency. This study intends to evaluate techniques for reducing juvenile delinquency through the function of the family as the first and foremost social unit in an individual's life. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores numerous literature and related previous study results. The results of the study reveal that open communication, giving affection, establishing moral and religious beliefs, and regular supervision from parents have an essential role in preventing aberrant conduct in teenagers. In addition, significant family involvement in adolescent life might enhance adolescent resilience to harmful environmental impacts. From these findings, it is recommended that families improve the quality of interactions with adolescents and work together with educational institutions and the community in establishing an environment that fosters positive adolescent development.

In the era of modern technology, the use of gadgets among teenagers continues to rise, particularly for accessing social media, which can influence their behavior, including sexual behavior. This study aims to examine the impact of gadget use on adolescent sexual behavior. The research approach is quantitative, using an analytic survey method with a cross-sectional design. The study sample consists of 94 twelfth-grade students selected through total sampling. The variables studied include gadget use as the independent variable and adolescent sexual behavior as the dependent variable, measured using a closed-ended questionnaire. The results indicate that 89 respondents (94.7%) reported high levels of gadget use. Furthermore, 70 respondents (74.5%) exhibited risky sexual behavior. The Chi-Square statistical test with a p-value of 0.004 and an OR of 13.800 shows a significant relationship between gadget use and adolescent sexual behavior. These findings suggest that excessive gadget use can increase the risk of sexual behavior among teenagers. Therefore, this study is expected to help prevent such behavior through stricter supervision, appropriate sex education, and the active role of parents and schools in guiding teenagers to use gadgets safely.

Inclusive education seeks to ensure equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Students with ADHD often struggle with concentration, self-regulation, and social interaction, which can hinder their ability to thrive in mainstream classroom settings. As a result, the role of a shadow teacher as a personal aide becomes crucial. This article explores effective strategies to support students with ADHD through the involvement of shadow teachers in an inclusive educational environment, with a specific focus on SD Muhammadiyah Manyar Gresik. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study highlights various forms of support—academic assistance, behavioral intervention, and socio-emotional guidance—while emphasizing the importance of collaboration among shadow teachers, classroom educators, and parents. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results suggest that skilled and well-supported shadow teachers play a significant role in helping students with ADHD adjust to and succeed in inclusive learning setting.

Inclusive education seeks to ensure equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Students with ADHD often struggle with concentration, self-regulation, and social interaction, which can hinder their ability to thrive in mainstream classroom settings. As a result, the role of a shadow teacher as a personal aide becomes crucial. This article explores effective strategies to support students with ADHD through the involvement of shadow teachers in an inclusive educational environment, with a specific focus on SD Muhammadiyah Manyar Gresik. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study highlights various forms of support—academic assistance, behavioral intervention, and socio-emotional guidance—while emphasizing the importance of collaboration among shadow teachers, classroom educators, and parents. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results suggest that skilled and well-supported shadow teachers play a significant role in helping students with ADHD adjust to and succeed in inclusive learning setting.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

This study aims to analyze the role of parents in shaping the discipline of elementary school students. Discipline is a crucial aspect in supporting academic success and character development from an early age. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects consist of parents, classroom teachers, and the principal at a public elementary school. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that parents play a significant role in fostering discipline through modeling behavior, establishing routines at home, supervision, and effective communication with the school. Supporting factors include active parental involvement and awareness of the importance of character education, while obstacles include parents’ busy schedules and lack of understanding of appropriate parenting styles. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between school and family in sustaining students’ disciplined behavior.

The application of discipline as a character education training strategy in early childhood plays a crucial role in shaping children's personality, behavior, and social skills. This study aims to analyze theoretically and practically how discipline can be applied as a character formation strategy in early childhood, considering the role of the family and school environment. The research method uses a qualitative approach through a literature review of 15 Sinta-accredited journal articles in 2020–2024. The results of the study show that positive discipline based on examples, praise, and behavioral habits is more effective than the punishment approach. Families and schools play a role as the main environment in instilling discipline values, although there are still gaps in the application of practices and adaptations in various socio-cultural contexts. This study recommends collaboration between parents and teachers, the development of creative strategies in schools, and the need for further, more in-depth research to optimize the application of discipline as a foundation for character formation in early childhood

This article discusses the role of loving touch from parents in developing adolescent character. In facing the often complex and dynamic realities of life, a person's character plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's personality. Adolescents, as a group that tends to oppose or oppose the values held by their parents, require special guidance and attention in character formation. Using descriptive qualitative methods and literature studies, this article explores an understanding of how a parent's loving touch can influence the formation of a teenager's character. The discussion covers important aspects such as forming healthy emotional relationships, developing positive values and attitudes, boosting self-confidence, and developing empathy and social skills. The results of the analysis show that consistent and positive loving touch creates a strong foundation for adolescents' emotional, social and moral development. Parental love creates an emotionally safe environment, allowing teens to feel loved, appreciated, and have a safe place to express themselves. Apart from that, the role of parents as good role models provides examples of positive behavior that can be internalized by teenagers. The aim of developing adolescent character includes preparing them to face future challenges, forming positive values, strong attitudes, and correct orientation towards life goals. Thus, this article provides an in-depth understanding of how a parent's loving touch contributes to shaping the character of teenagers, so that it can help form a generation that has positive character, empathy and strong social skills to face the various complexities of life in the future.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent, non-progressive motor disorder that occurs due to brain damage experienced before, during, or after birth. This condition is generally characterized by activity limitations and can be accompanied by various other disorders, such as delayed cognitive development, visual impairment, speech disorders, and neuromuscular disorders. Management of cerebral palsy is usually multidisciplinary, including physiotherapy, behavioral therapy, speech therapy, nutritional management, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention, with the aim of improving the patient's quality of life. This case report discusses a male patient, An. AZ, aged 4 years and 6 months, who was brought by his parents to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh with the chief complaint of seizures that had occurred two days before admission and had worsened in the past day. The patient had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy since early childhood and regularly underwent physiotherapy. From the anamnesis, it was revealed that the patient experienced weakness on the left side of the body, which was more dominant than the right side. This condition is consistent with the manifestation of hemiplegia in cerebral palsy patients. Physical examination revealed delayed motor development, increased muscle tone on the left side, and enhanced pathological reflexes. Acute seizure management included administering anticonvulsant medication according to protocol, monitoring vital signs, and close observation in the inpatient ward. In addition to pharmacological therapy, the patient was advised to continue regular physiotherapy to maintain motor function, prevent contractures, and support the development of daily activities. This case emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to the management of cerebral palsy, particularly when complicated by seizures. Integration of acute medical care, rehabilitative therapy, and family support plays a crucial role in improving the patient's quality of life.

The objective of this study is to design an appropriate strategy in instilling character values ​​in grade 5 students of SDN Walikukun, with an emphasis on strengthening the values ​​of responsibility, discipline, honesty, and cooperation. The study employed literature studies and qualitative data analysis, which resulted in the conclusion that it is very important for character building in elementary schools to be implemented systematically and sustainably. These efforts need to involve the active role of various parties, such as teachers, parents, schools, and the surrounding environment. The implementation strategy includes integrating character values ​​in the teaching and learning process, habituating positive daily actions, role models from teachers, and monitoring student development through behavioral documentation. In addition, democratic and communicative parenting patterns greatly influence children's character formation, especially if adjusted to the child's innate personality type which can be recognized through approaches such as genetic personality. Simple digital technology can also be used as a supporting medium for character education, although there are still obstacles in the form of limited facilities and infrastructure. The results obtained from this study are hoped to be used as a reference in the implementation of relevant and effective character education at SDN Walikukun.

This research explores the correlation between parenting styles and the level of independence among children with special needs attending Special Needs Schools (SLB). Parenting plays a pivotal role in shaping children’s behavioral development and functional abilities, particularly for those requiring more tailored and supportive approaches. Employing a quantitative method with a causal-comparative design, data were obtained through a structured questionnaire distributed to parents of children aged 7–12 with special needs. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between the authoritative (democratic) parenting style and children’s independence. In contrast, authoritarian and permissive styles showed limited influence. These findings underscore the importance of a balanced parenting model that blends guidance with autonomy, as it fosters greater independence in children's daily functioning. The study is expected to contribute to the formulation of family support initiatives and inclusive education policies that strengthen the role of parents as key educators.

Early pregnancy is at high risk for health complications such as anemia, preeclampsia, and premature birth.In addition, social impacts such as dropping out of school, societal stigma, and economic instability also become serious consequences that can affect the future of adolescents.The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between parental roles and the prevention of early pregnancy among students at SMA Negeri 1 Touluaan.The research uses a cross-sectional design.The sample in this study consisted of 38 respondents using purposive sampling technique.Data collection on parental roles and prevention of early pregnancy was conducted using a questionnaire, analyzed using the chi-square statistical test.The results of the study on the role of parents mostly showed that the role of parents in the good category amounted to 32 respondents (66.7%), and the behavior of pregnancy prevention mostly in the good category amounted to 34 respondents (70.8%).The results of the chi-square test obtained a p-value of 0.006 where < α 0.05.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the role of parents and the prevention of early pregnancy among students of SMA Negeri 1 Touluaan.

This research is motivated by the increasing cases of verbal aggression among children and adolescents, which have a significant impact on their psychological well-being and social environment. The aim of this study is to analyze the tendencies, causal factors, and impacts of verbal aggression in children and adolescents, as well as to provide effective recommendations for its management. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach, examining various scientific journals related to verbal aggression, verbal abuse, and the influencing factors. The main findings show that verbal aggression often arises due to family factors, social environment, media, and socioeconomic pressures; this behavior not only increases the risk of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem in victims but also has long-term negative effects on the perpetrators. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of early detection and the active roles of teachers, parents, and school counselors in preventing and managing verbal aggression through communication skills education, psychological interventions, and strengthening school policies to create a safe learning environment that supports the social-emotional development of children and adolescents.

This study aims to reveal parenting strategies in shaping the character of Christian children's faith amidst the challenges of the modern era. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation, this study was conducted in a local church environment. The findings show that Christian parents implement three main strategies, namely: exemplary living based on the teachings of Christ, spiritual discipline through family worship activities, and creating quality time with children. Despite facing challenges such as busy work, the influence of digital media, and inconsistent behavior, most parents still try to evaluate themselves and maintain the values ​​of faith in the household. Effective parenting is not only instructional, but also relational and spiritual, emphasizing the importance of the role of parents as real life role models. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for churches, Christian schools, and parent communities in developing strategies for fostering children's faith in a sustainable manner amidst the dynamic development of the era.

Qur’anic literacy plays a strategic role in shaping students’ character in Islamic educational institutions, particularly at TPQ and RTQ. This study aims to analyze how Qur’anic literacy contributes to strengthening children’s moral, spiritual, and social values in both formal and non-formal educational contexts. Employing a qualitative approach through an extensive literature review, the research synthesizes findings from previous studies on Qur’an-based character education, emphasizing the multidimensional nature of literacy that goes beyond reading and memorization. Qur’anic literacy encompasses understanding, internalizing, and applying Qur’anic teachings in daily behavior and decision-making processes. The results indicate that several interrelated factors influence this process, including habituation through regular practice, exemplary role models provided by parents, teachers, and community leaders, as well as the role of the social environment in reinforcing values. Furthermore, constructive implementation of rewards and sanctions is found to be effective in sustaining children’s motivation and discipline. Early habituation of reading, memorizing, and reflecting on the Qur’an has been proven to nurture positive traits such as responsibility, honesty, empathy, and social awareness. The study highlights that Qur’anic literacy is not only a pedagogical tool but also a holistic instrument of character formation that aligns spiritual values with modern educational challenges. These findings affirm the necessity of optimizing Qur’anic literacy programs through synergy among families, schools, and communities, ensuring that children grow into religious, virtuous, and resilient individuals. Ultimately, Qur’anic literacy serves as a foundation for building a generation that is intellectually capable, spiritually grounded, and socially responsible in contributing positively to society and addressing global challenges.

This study aims to analyze the impact of TikTok usage on the politeness behavior of elementary school students. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this article examines various previous studies related to the topic. The findings indicate that TikTok usage has a significant influence on students' behavior, particularly in terms of politeness. Although there are some positive effects, such as enhanced creativity, self-confidence, and cognitive abilities, the negative impacts are more dominant. Students tend to show a decline in polite behavior, such as the use of harsh language, lack of respect for parents and teachers, and reduced responsibility towards school assignments. High intensity of TikTok usage is one of the main factors contributing to the development of such deviant behavior. Therefore, the role of teachers and parents is crucial in supervising, setting examples, and guiding students to use social media wisely in order to uphold character and moral values.

This study aims to identify and address the challenges of early childhood character education in facing the digital era full of exposure to inappropriate content. Through a qualitative approach with the Community-Based Research (CBR) method, this study involved early childhood, teachers, parents, and religious/community leaders in designing practical solutions. The identification results showed several challenges, such as exposure to inappropriate content, lack of parental supervision, and dependence on digital technology. The solutions implemented include increasing the role of parents, the use of positive content, alternative non-digital activities, and collaboration with educational institutions. By implementing a community-based faith and piety strengthening program, through religious value story activities, role-playing, and discipline activities, it is hoped that there will be an increase in understanding, positive behavioral changes in children, and more targeted use of digital technology. Recommendations include increasing parental digital literacy, compiling an educational curriculum that supports character strengthening, and providing a safe and child-friendly educational space. This study contributes to the understanding of the importance of strengthening the faith and piety of early childhood in the digital era and provides practical guidance for parents, educators, and the community in guiding early childhood towards the formation of good character according to religious values.

Menstruation was a natural process experienced by females who have entered puberty. In Islam, maintaining cleanliness during menstruation was not only essential for physical health but also has spiritual significance. Family support, especially from parents, plays a crucial role in shaping adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about personal hygiene during menstruation. Based on the tests conducted, there is a significant relationship between family support and knowledge (p < 0.05), attitude (p < 0.05), and behavior (p < 0.05) concerning Islamic personal hygiene during menstruation. Respondents who received high family support tended to have better knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene practices. There is a correlation between family support and knowledge, gesture, and behaviors regarding Islamic personal hygiene during menstruation among female adolescents in junior high schools in Semarang.

Background: Stunting occurs when a child's height is lower than the average for their age due to poor growth caused by chronic malnutrition, which occurs when a child's nutritional intake is insufficient for an extended period. Stunting may have both direct and indirect causes. Direct causes include inadequate nutrition, while indirect causes include parenting practices. Food consumption is a behavior that improves the nutritional state of the body in a measurable way. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between food intake and maternal parenting practices with the occurrence of stunting in toddlers at Puskesmas Pancur Batu, Desa Tanjung Anom, Kecamatan Pancur Batu, Kabupaten Deli Serdang in 2024. Method: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional technique was used in this study. The study will be conducted from June to July 2024. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests for bivariate and univariate analysis. Results: The findings show a significant correlation (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05) between food consumption and the occurrence of stunting. A p-value of 0.002 < 0.05 indicates a relationship between maternal parenting practices and the occurrence of stunting. Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between calorie consumption and stunting. Parental involvement is significantly related to the stunting rate. Recommendation: It is hoped that posyandu cadres and Puskesmas officials in the study area will receive greater appreciation for the role that parents play in monitoring the nutritional needs of their toddlers.