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The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method is a popular approach in education that allows students to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills through solving real problems. PBL involves steps such as problem identification, research, and presentation of solutions, with a focus on students learning independently and in small groups. Although PBL is effective in improving student learning outcomes, there are challenges such as the need for teachers who are skilled in guiding students and longer time to solve problems. Characteristics of PBL include student-centered learning, teachers as facilitators, and problems as learning stimuli. The PBL strategy emphasizes the importance of starting learning with problems that are relevant to students' real lives and gives students great responsibility in their own learning process. The research method in this study uses qualitative research methods. The method used is library research.

This research was motivated by a lack of student participation and boredom with the monotonous learning system so that students did not understand abstract and complex economic concepts. From these problems it can be seen that the cause is a lack of motivation to learn. So it is necessary to develop a learning model, one of which is the TGT (Teams Games Tournament) cooperative learning model using TTS. The aims of this research are (1) to determine the effect of the TGT learning model on students' learning motivation in economics subjects in Class XI MA Sunan Kalijogo Mojo Kediri; (2) To find out how much influence the TGT learning model has on the motivation to learn economics for class XI MA Sunan Kalijogo Mojo Kediri. The research approach used is quantitative, associative type. Data collection uses questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis and hypothesis testing using simple linear regression using SPSS. The research results show that (1) Based on the hypothesis test, the results obtained are sig. 0.000 < 0.05, it can be said that there is a positive and significant influence between the influence of the TGT learning model on students' economic learning motivation; (2) Based on the hypothesis test, a value (R) of 0.652 was obtained, which indicates a strong relationship between the two variables. Meanwhile, the R Square values ​​of 42.5% and 57.5% are influenced by other factors that have not been studied.

Waste is one of the biggest environmental problems in Indonesia. Based on data from the 2014 Central Statistics Agency (in Angga & Djunaidi, 2017) it shows that Indonesia produces around 187.2 million tons of waste / year and is in second place as the largest waste producer in the world. Waste not only comes from households but also from the school environment. If this waste is left unchecked, it can cause disease. This large amount of waste is also caused by people's lack of concern for the environment. Therefore, it requires an appropriate management strategy, one of which is through recycling. The waste recycling training aims to increase knowledge of dealing with plastic waste and develop the creativity of Purwakarta State Primary School teachers so that they are able to process waste into learning media as well as capital for students to understand learning more easily through waste recycling training. Implementation methods include environmental observation, problem identification, determining service activities, coordinating service activities with prospective participants, implementing training. The waste recycling training activity has been successful and running smoothly, able to develop creativity and increase teachers' knowledge regarding waste managent.

In the 21st century, technological development is increasingly rapid and tends towards digitalization, when compared to a few decades ago. So, if it is not utilized, it will be something in vain. Using technology-based learning media will facilitate the learning process, so that it can improve the quality of learning and can improve students' mathematical representation skills. One of the technology-based mathematics learning media that can help students in representing mathematical models/problems is GeoGebra Software. The purpose of this research activity is to find out whether the use of GeoGebra software  media can improve students' computational thinking skills in mathematics learning. Improving students' understanding of how to show a model or mathematical problem in graph form or vice versa is one of the benefits of research. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This research method is carried out by reviewing journals in a structured manner with predetermined steps. The result of this research activity is that GeoGebra can help students understand the concept of straight line graphs in more detail with a varied and attractive appearance. In addition, for teachers themselves, GeoGebra can be used as a mathematics learning tool to create interactive learning that allows students to explore various abstract mathematical concepts.  

Along with the development of technology, application/software-based learning media is needed to help students understand mathematics material. This study aims to identify, review, and conclude related to the use of scratch application-based math learning media.  The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Using the Google Scholar database, articles were searched according to the topics studied in the 2019-2024 time span. The search was based on Garuda and Sinta 1-6. The results showed that the use of mathematics learning media based on scratch application optimizes students' problem solving and improves students' understanding of mathematics concepts, thus increasing their involvement and making learning more fun.

Critical competence plays an important role in students' ability to solve a problem that occurs. Through PBL, students are trained to develop ideas, or ideas that can facilitate them in problem solving and learning activities at school. By using the Problem-Based Learning paradigm to achieve learning objectives in elementary schools, students' critical competencies are developed. This form of learning looks at the relationship between critical thinking and student learning outcomes by using a qualitative approach with literature study as a source of in-depth analysis. A suitable approach to help students build critical thinking skills is a problem-based learning strategy. Students are encouraged to actively participate in solving problems that arise when using the Problem-Based Learning paradigm, according to the learning outcomes. By using this problem-based learning approach, students are encouraged to investigate a problem in more detail and from a broader perspective. Students can come up with original ideas in this situation or ideas for problem solving. By developing students' critical thinking skills and highlighting the important role that teachers play in fostering an enjoyable learning environment and acting as facilitators in the teaching and learning process, the Problem Based Learning model has been proven to improve the quality of teaching and student learning outcomes in educational settings.

This research aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experimental research method with a Non Equivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan, Purwakarta Regency. The sampling technique was Purposive Sampling with a sample of class X.9 as the experimental class which took part in learning by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and class The variables of this research include the independent variable, namely the Learning Model (PBL Learning Model vs. Conventional Learning Model) and the dependent variable, namely student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. The data collection technique uses the Test Method. The instrument used is a multiple choice test. Learning outcome data were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-test. Learning Results of experimental class students achieved good characteristics and the control class only achieved adequate characteristics. The mean post-test for the experimental class was 83.1 and the mean post-test for the control class was 74.04. The results of the Independent Sample t-test show the value of tcount = 3.363 > ttable = 1.989. Because tcount > ttable, Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a significant difference in student learning outcomes between classes that take part in learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and classes that take part in conventional learning. And also the Sig value. (2-tailed) < 0.05, namely 0.001. So it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model influences student learning outcomes.      

This research was aimed at analyzing the enhancement of students' mathematical reasoning abilities through problem-based learning. The experimental design was pre-post control group design. The research population was all junior high school student of SMP Al-Muhajirin Purwakarta. The research sample was taken randomly, was the class VIII C students as the experimental group who participated in instruction with problem-based learning and the other class VIII D as control group who participated in instruction with conventional learning. Data was collected through test and questionnaires. The statistical analysis used is the Gain test for the results of students' mathematical reasoning ability tests. The analysis of gain score showed that the enhancement of students’ abilities who participated in instruction with problem-based learning was better than those who participated in instruction with conventional learning. Problem-based learning in mathematics lessons shows a positive response which shows that students like the method used.

Teaching the Al-Qur’an is the core of Islamic education, with the main aim of guiding children in reading, studying and understanding the Koran from an early age. The Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPQ) serves as an important platform to instill a love of the Al-Qur'an in children. Even though many TPQs have been successful with good administration and management and a large number of students, there are still TPQs that have not developed, such as the TPQ in Glidah Kedamean Village, Gresik. Observations show that learning management at TPQ does not meet recognized management and curriculum standards in education, resulting in suboptimal educational attainment. Responding to this problem, the Glidah Village TPQ Teacher Management Optimization team, together with KSPPS BMT Khoiru Ummah, initiated an intensive community service-based mentoring program using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. The mentoring process involves several stages, starting from identifying problems through field observations, organizing and planning programs, to implementing program actions. The results of discussions and implementation of mentoring revealed a number of problems faced by teachers regarding TPQ management. The implementation of this mentoring activity has been empirically proven to have a positive impact, increasing the effectiveness of management and the quality of education at the TPQ.

The main problem in this research is whether the use of the Giving Question and Getting Answer Learning Model can improve student learning outcomes in Class V Social Sciences learning at SDN No. 14 Cikowang Presidential Instruction. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes by using the Giving Question and Getting Answer Learning Model in Class V Social Sciences learning at SDN No. 14 Cikowang Presidential Instruction. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which consists of two cycles. This research procedure includes planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects in this research were fifth grade students at SDN No. 14 Inpres Cikowang as many as 15 people. The results of the research showed that in the first cycle only 6 out of 15 students or 40% completed the KKM and obtained an average score of 55.53. Meanwhile, in cycle II, out of 15 students, 12 students or 80% had fulfilled the KKM, namely the average score obtained was 85.00%. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that student learning outcomes in social studies subjects for class V SDN No. . 14 of Presidential Instruction Cikowang through the application of the Giving Question and Getting Answer learning model has increased.

Learning that focuses on students' problem-solving abilities is the focus of higher education. Students who are able to develop critical thinking skills in solving problems are a necessity along with changes in workforce capability needs in the informatics era. One of the mathematics lessons at the higher education unit level is discrete mathematics. The problem that arises in discrete mathematics learning is that learning outcomes and the percentage of students completing lectures are still relatively low. The aim of this research is to improve students' solving abilities through the application of the project based learning method. This research uses classroom action research methods. The application of the project based learning method in discrete mathematics courses with graph material can improve students' abilities in solving mathematical problems, this can be seen from the research results after corrective actions were taken in learning activities in Cycles I and II. Based on the research results, it shows that through project-based learning, third semester RB class students in the Informatics Engineering Education Program at Indraprasta University PGRI Jakarta have improved their ability to solve mathematical problems in terms of individual grades and classical completion.  

The learning of physics, particularly mechanics, poses significant challenges for high school students. Concepts such as Newton’s laws, energy, and three-dimensional vectors are often difficult to grasp using traditional teaching methods. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising solution by providing an immersive and interactive learning environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR-based learning media in enhancing students’ understanding of physics concepts, with a specific focus on mechanics. An experimental design was employed, consisting of two groups: an experimental group using VR for learning and a control group receiving traditional instruction. Pre-test and post-test assessments were used to measure the improvement in students' conceptual understanding of physics. The findings indicate that students in the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in their understanding of complex physics concepts, such as projectile motion, force, and Newton’s laws, compared to the control group. Students in the experimental group also exhibited higher levels of engagement and motivation, with VR's immersive nature encouraging active participation in learning. The study concludes that VR is an effective tool for enhancing students’ comprehension of abstract and complex physics concepts, improving their visualization and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, VR-based learning provides students with opportunities to conduct virtual experiments and simulations that may not be possible in traditional classroom settings. The implications of this study suggest that VR should be integrated into the physics curriculum to improve learning outcomes, especially in schools with access to the necessary technology. Educators and curriculum developers are encouraged to explore VR’s potential in fostering a more engaging and effective physics education.

This study was motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes and cooperation skills of fourth grade students of SD Negeri Koroulon 1, so the purpose of this study was to improve mathematics learning outcomes and cooperation attitudes of students by using the Problem Based Learning model. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles. the subject of this research is grade IV students. The instruments in this study used test and non-test instruments. Evaluation tests were used to collect data on student learning outcomes, while observation sheet instruments were used to collect data on student cooperation. the results of this study indicate an increase in learning outcomes as seen from the percentage of completeness from 42.1% to 84.2% at the end of cycle II. The increase also occurred in the average value of student cooperation from 51.2 to 74.89 at the end of cycle II. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model can improve students' math learning outcomes and cooperation.

To improve the quality of the student learning process by increasing the quality of teachers' professional abilities, all teachers must go through a learning process that makes it possible to find and solve learning problems in their respective classes based on the principles of Classroom Action Research (PTK). Classroom Action Research is carried out with the aim of improving or enhancing student learning activities and achievements. PTK is an activity carried out to find out problems that arise in the classroom when the teacher is interacting with students in carrying out the teaching and learning process. PTK is research carried out by class teachers through self-reflection with the aim of improving teacher performance, so that the quality of learning increases (Mills, Geoffrey E, 2000, Schmuch, A. Richard, 1997) which can be seen in the percentage of students' success in completing the exercises systematically. verbally and in writing. In the learning process, learning means an activity carried out by the teacher and students together. The essence of the learning is the process of giving and receiving and ends with an evaluation which is deliberately carried out by the teacher to find out how far the students' level of understanding is

This study aims to determine whether the application of the Problem Based Learning model can develop the critikal thinking skills of class XII students in learning Akidah Akhlak at MA Nurul Falah Ciater. The type of research is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive and the subject of this research is students ini class XII MA Nurul Falah Ciater.. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, data verification, and conclusions. Based on the results of research and data analysis, that the Problem Based Learning model applied to moral akidah learning, can develop the critical thinking skills of XII grade students in learning moral akidah at MA Nurul Falah Ciater. Students are actively engaged in critical thinking problem solving and develop analytical skills. These findings make an important contribution to the developments of effective learning methods in improving students critical thinking skills in the context of learning akidah akhlak. This shows that there is a development of critical thinking skills of XII grade students in learning akidah akhlak by using the problem based learning model.

Education in elementary schools has the aim of helping students understand problems in everyday life. The national education system states that education aims to develop the potential of students to become human beings who have faith, noble character, health, knowledge and responsibility. In the context of mathematics education, the PMRI (Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education) approach is used to help students understand mathematical concepts through real experiences and the context of everyday life. The data grouping learning trajectory using the PMRI approach aims to help grade 1 elementary school students understand the concept of data grouping. The use of sorting and choosing props can also improve the learning outcomes of low grade students in sorting and selecting certain objects or concepts. The aim of this research is that it is hoped that students can learn more effectively through direct experience, visualization and physical movements involved in the sorting and choosing process. Data was collected through interviews and tests. Based on the results and discussion of the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the design of a data grouping learning trajectory for elementary school students using an Indonesian realistic mathematics education approach is theoretically able to provide a deeper understanding of data grouping for grade I elementary school students. With the principles in PMRI, students are given the opportunity to develop a conceptual understanding of data grouping with the help of the images provided.

Student learning outcomes are the output of the teaching and learning process. One of the problems in learning at school is the low student learning outcomes. This can be known from the initial data on the value of the diagnostic analysis results. Many factors influence learning outcomes, one of which is the learning model. The Problem Based Learning Model is an innovative learning model that requires students to be active and motivate students so that they can support and help each other in mastering the subject matter being studied. Research procedures include the observation stage, preparation stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. The population and sample in this research were 28 students of class XI MIPA 1 SMAN 11 MAROS. The sampling technique in this research used a saturated sampling technique.

Community service activities were carried out in Lembang Rantedada, Mengkendek District, Tana Toraja Regency. The problems found in Lembang Rantedada, especially in Rantedollok Hamlet, namely in Lembang Rantedada there are no educational institutions such as elementary, junior high, and high school, Therefore, children in Lembang Rantedada look for schools that are close to their homes, so some of them do not know each other and children in Lembang Rantedada spend more of their time playing online games, thus affecting their interest in learning. The solution used to overcome the problem is to provide additional lessons to elementary and junior high school students through tutoring conducted 2 times a week in three hamlets. The learning used is the Lecture and Role Play method. The parties involved in the guidance are students. The results achieved from the tutoring are elementary and junior high school students in Lembang Rantedada can get additional learning outside of learning at school, increasing students' interest in learning where through Bimbel activities students are prepared to be independent in learning and also they can get to know each other

This research aims to increase students' reading literacy through the application of the problem based learning model in class V of SD Negeri 010 Talontam for the 2022/2023 academic year. This research is classroom action research which was carried out in 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 23 fifth grade students at SD Negeri 010 Talontam for the 2022/2023 academic year. Research data was obtained through tests. The increase in Reading Literacy is shown by the increase in the average percentage of students' reading literacy which increased from 46.52% in the pre-cycle to 56.52% in the first cycle, and then to 76.52% in the second cycle. This shows an increase in reading literacy. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the problem based learning method used in class V of SD Negeri 010 Talontam for the 2022/2023 academic year has improved students' reading literacy skills.

KKN is a form of education by providing learning experiences for students to live in society, directly identifying and dealing with community problems as well as efforts to increase the content and weight of education for students and to obtain greater added value for higher education. Infrastructure is a physical system needed to meet basic human needs in the social and economic spheres. In 2023, one of the villages that will be used as a place or location for Real Work Lectures at Sahid University Surakarta is Sindon Village, Ngemplak, Boyolali. Sindon Village is one of the villages in Ngemplak District, Boyolali Regency, Central Java Province. Sindon Village itself consists of 3 hamlets, namely Sambiroto Hamlet, Brajan Hamlet and Manukan Hamlet. Based on surveys and direct observations carried out in Dukuh Sambiroto, it was found that there was no welcome sign. For this reason, the SGM KKN Team carried out a program to make welcome signs to Sambiroto Hamlet. With the aim of providing benefits as a guide. In its implementation, activities ran smoothly and were on target according to the specified time.