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This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the duration of soaking garlic extract and the provision of shell fertilizer on the growth of rose plant cuttings (Rosa hybrida L). This study used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) method consisting of 2 factors with 48 plots, namely: The first factor is the duration of soaking garlic extract given the symbol "A" which consists of 4 levels of treatment A0: without soaking, A1: 40 minutes, A2: 80 minutes, A3: 120 minutes The second factor is the provision of shell fertilizer given the symbol "B" which consists of 4 levels of treatment B0: 0 g / polybag, B1: 50 g / polybag, B2: 100 g / polybag, B3: 150 g / polybag. So there are 16 combinations consisting of 3 replications. The parameters observed in this study are the age of shoot emergence, number of leaves, shoot length, number of leaves, leaf length, and percentage of survival. The results of the study showed that the duration of soaking garlic extract and the application of shellfish fertilizer on the growth of rose cuttings (Rosa hybrida L). The results of this study showed that the duration of soaking garlic extract and the application of shellfish fertilizer had no significant effect on all observed parameters.

This research was conducted on Jalan Tampok, Tanjung Selamat Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. A non-factorial Randomized Block Design  was used, consisting of only one factor, with five treatments and four replications: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 liters of coconut water fertilizer. The results showed that the use of coconut water fertilizer had no significant effect on plant height 1, 2, and 3 weeks after planting, and fruit weight per plot. However, it had a highly significant effect on plant height 4 and 5 weeks after planting, stem diameter, number of leaves, and root length.   In general, increasing the dosage of coconut water POC tends to result in a better growth response during the vegetative phase of the plant. This suggests that the natural hormones in coconut water can support plant cell division and elongation. However, plant response to treatment is still influenced by environmental factors and dosage, so not all parameters show a significant effect. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage that is more effective on production yields.

This study aims to analyze the population dynamics of rice plant pests through periodic monitoring during 8 weeks of observation. The research was conducted on 5 rice field plots using direct sampling method and yellow trap. The observation data included 23 pest species from various families such as Acrididae, Muscidae, Culicidae, Lycosidae, Pieridae, Chrysomelidae, and others. Observations showed that pest populations fluctuated during the observation period, with some species showing a downward trend such as mosquitoes (Culicidae) from an average of 19.6 individuals/map in the first observation to 14.2 individuals/map in the last observation, while some other pests such as snail carp (Pomacea canaliculata) showed significant variation. Pests that were consistently found in high numbers were mosquitoes, mealybugs (Pieris rapae), and gold snails. This periodic monitoring provides important information for integrated pest control strategies in sustainable rice cultivation.

Handaka Vijjananda's Buddhist comic "Aṅgulimāla: True Repentance" depicts the repentance of a ruthless murderer who undergoes spiritual transformation after meeting Gautama Buddha. This story not only conveys Buddhist moral teachings but also reflects the social, cultural, and religious dynamics of ancient Indian society. This study aims to analyze the intrinsic and genetic structures of the Buddhist comic "Aṅgulimāla" using Lucien Goldmann's genetic structuralism approach. The method used is qualitative descriptive, with the primary data source being the comic "Aṅgulimāla." Data collection techniques were conducted through intensive reading and note-taking, while data analysis was conducted by linking the intrinsic elements of the literary work with the socio-historical context and the author's worldview. The results show that the intrinsic structure of the comic "Aṅgulimāla" includes themes of repentance, karma, loving-kindness (metta), and wisdom; strong characters and characterizations; a progressive plot; internal and external conflicts; and a time, place, and social setting that reflect 6th-century BCE Indian society. Meanwhile, its genetic structure reveals human facts such as the caste system, power relations, and social morality, as well as the author's worldview, which emphasizes Buddhist values such as compassion, self-transformation, and hope for human moral change. Thus, genetic structuralism analysis confirms that the comic Aṅgulimāla is a literary work that is not only narrative in nature but also reflects social realities and humanitarian messages relevant to modern life.

PT Ansaf Inti Resources is a company engaged in coal mining using the open pit method. In the process of mining in open pit mines, haul roads are indispensable in the process of transporting overburden and play an important role in the mining production cycle. The purpose of the study is to determine the total resistance to overburden production of the LGMG CMT96 conveyance based on the haul road segment that has been determined from the overburden loading point to the disposal of the material, then a calculation is made based on the standard number of good total resistance to the actual haul road. After calculating all segments of the haul road, the results of plotting the total obstacle graph against the speed, travel time, and production of the haul. So every 1% increase in total resistance will reduce the speed of the conveyance 1.346 km / h, while every 1% increase in total resistance will reduce the travel time of the conveyance 0.0464 minutes. The production results of the CMT96 conveyance before the improvement of the total obstacle to the road surface amounted to 55 lcm and 49 lcm, while after the improvement of the total obstacle to the road surface there was an increase in the production of the conveyance of 68 lcm and 62 lcm. So every 1% increase in total resistance will reduce the production of conveyance by 4.7429 lcm.

This research aims to reveal stability Friedrich Carl Von Savigny’s thoughts on the existence of annual sale and purchase customary love establishment. This research uses legal research methods, namely research carried out on legal norms that develop in society. The approach used is a conceptual and historical approach. The types and sources of data used in this research are primary and secondary data. The results of this research show that the teachings of the historical school initiated by Von Savigny emphasize that law is a reflection of the soul of the people that grows together with the people’s growth of the people and becomes strong together with the people’s strength. Furthermore, in the end, it dies if the nation loses its nationality. Thus, adherents of the historical school reject the view that law is made by an authorized institution, such as by making laws. Meanwhile, customary law that exists in Madurese society as the customary law of the Madurese people in some villages, such as “annual purchase and sale,” as the customary law of the community is maintained in the practice of annual purchase and sale of a plot of land that is perhaps not found in other areas in Indonesia. It is similar to the historical school, namely that law grows together with the growth of society and becomes strong together with the strength of society. Furthermore, in the end, it dies if the nation loses its nationality. This condition is recognized as existing by the constitution of the Indonesian legal state as regulated in Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

This study aims to examine the intrinsic elements present in a literary work. The analysis of the short story Sepatu Baru by Fitri First Nova Butar Butar includes a discussion of intrinsic elements such as theme, characters, plot, setting, and the message contained within it. This study is categorized as qualitative research using a descriptive method. Data collection techniques are carried out through several steps, including reading, examining, noting, and identifying the content found in the short story. The short story highlights the theme of patience, perseverance, and humility, which can lead to positive outcomes, with settings including the grandmother's house, the classroom, and the teacher's office, the time settings in the morning and afternoon, as well as an atmosphere setting that is comforting and touching.

This study aims to determine the composition and structure of vegetation and estimate the potential for carbon dioxide absorption in the Tangale Nature Reserve Area, Gorontalo Regency. The method used in this study is the determination of sampling locations carried out by purposive sampling, making multilevel plots, analyzing vegetation structure, and estimating tree biomass is done non-destructively based on measuring the height and diameter of trees at breast height (DBH), while for lower plants it is done destructively and litter is taken all in the plot area to be weighed wet and dry weight and then estimating biomass, C reserves, and CO2 uptake. The results showed that the vegetation composition consisted of 18 species dominated by the Magnoliopsida class. The highest Important Value Index is found at each observation station. Calculation of biomass value, C reserves, and CO2 uptake at each observation station showed varying results because they were influenced by vegetation type, vegetation density, vegetation composition and structure, and environmental factors. The total value of CO2 uptake by vegetation in the Tangale Nature Reserve Area is 5,304.393 tons of CO2/ha. This research provides a better understanding of carbon sequestration potential in conservation areas to support environmental conservation and climate change mitigation efforts.  

This study aims to analyze the different types of characters in Agatha Christie's Mengungkit Murder. By adopting a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis method, this study identifies the characters in the novel and their roles and relationships in the storyline. The research data were obtained through literature study and text analysis, which were then analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results show that the characters in the novel not only serve as plot drivers, but also reflect broader themes, such as justice and betrayal. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to literary studies, especially in understanding characterization in Agatha Christie's works.

The rapid development of Lombok tourism and the MotoGP event will be held in September 2024, driving the need for transportation, especially air transportation, Zainuddin Abdul Madjid  Lombok International Airport has several units that play a role in optimizing the airport, one of which is the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit, this unit has a very important role in supervising all traffic movements on the air side which includes aircraft parking stands, traffic of people, vehicles, and Ground Handling arrangements, flight data administration and licensing of vehicles operating on the apron, this study aims to determine the differences in the implementation of the AMC unit's duties before and during the Mandalika MotoGP event, and to determine the obstacles faced when carrying out tasks during the event. This study uses a qualitative method, the data used are primary and secondary data, primary data is obtained from observation and interviews, while secondary data from SOP, documentation in the form of photos and regulations related to the problem being studied, data analysis techniques use data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions, testing the validity of data using triangulation techniques. This study shows that AMC officers successfully carried out their duties in accordance with SOP, including the process of plotting aircraft parking, operating Aviobridge, supervising Ground Support Equipment and supervising Marshaller Service, the responsibility of officers in providing services to airport users, especially in the Airside area, was carried out well, the obstacles faced including FOD, lack of facilities and personnel available, use of Driving Licenses and the suitability of vehicles/equipment and lack of communication between units can be handled and provide evaluation so that all movements in the Airside area run smoothly.

The adaptation of a novel into a film, known as ekranisasi, is a challenging process due to the differences between the two mediums, namely literature and visual storytelling. This study examines the ekranisasi process of the novel Mariposa by Luluk Hadiya Fauzia, directed by Fajar Bustomi. The purpose of this research is to analyze the extent to which the Mariposa film retains the core narrative of the novel and how cinematographic elements are used to replace the internal narration found in the literary work. Through a qualitative approach and literature study, the research reveals that, despite significant changes in character development and plot structure, the main themes of teenage love, perseverance, and self-growth are preserved. The film employs cinematographic techniques, such as lighting, color, and shot composition, to more directly depict the emotions and internal conflicts of the main characters. Additionally, symbolism, such as the butterfly representing transformation, strengthens the themes and moral messages conveyed. The findings of this study show that the Mariposa film successfully offers a new experience for the audience and demonstrates that novel-to-film adaptations can succeed, even with changes in storytelling methods, as long as the essence of the literary work is maintained.

Film is a medium that functions as entertainment and an effective means of communication in conveying messages, stories and emotions to the audience. "Two Blue Hearts" by Gina S. Noer is a follow-up film to the story of Bima and Dara, a young couple who married at an early age because of a mistake. After four years apart since the birth of their son, Adam, Dara decided to return to Jakarta to be with Bima and Adam. Conflicts in their household arise again when Dara struggles to get closer to Adam, who does not yet recognize her as a mother. This research aims to determine the application of linear plot in the development of the story in the film "Dua Hati Biru". The theory used is the Linear Plot from Elizabeth Lutter. The results show that the use of a linear plot in Dua Hati Biru allows the audience to see the emotional transitions and dynamics of Bima and Dara's relationship clearly. This approach is effective in depicting character growth through a consistent passage of time, without relying on a back-and-forth plot.

Tomato (lycopersicum esculentum Mill) are a source of vitamins and minerals and have health benefits such as maintaining heart health. The denabd for tomatoes in indonesia continues to increase so it is necessary to take action to increase production by utilizing Fungi Mycorrhizal Arbuscular and manure. FMA is a fungus associated with plants where FMA binds nutrients in the soil. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of gungus mycorrhizal arbuscular and manure. This research was carried out in july – september 2023 in Siderejo village, Langsa Lama District, Langsa City. The research used a 2 factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 3 replications. The first factor is the FMA dose, namely: F0 : 0 gr/plot, F1 : 20 gr/plot, F2 : 40 gr/plot, F3 : 60 gr/plot. The second factor is the dose of fertilizer P1 : 2,08 kg/plot, P2 : 5,6 kg/plot, P3 : 8,4 kg/plot. Date were analyzed using variance (F test) at the 5% and 1% levels. If the treatment has a real effect, continue with the BNJ test at the 5% level.

This study aims to analyze the structure of the drama script by Chairil Anwar entitled " Sudah Gila" using a structural approach. The method applied in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach with a focus on library research. Data collection techniques include reading techniques, inventory techniques, and recording techniques. Through reading all the data obtained will be grouped based on the object of research. After being grouped, the data will be described according to the existing conditions and arranged into a report. The results of the study, the conflict that occurs in the script, namely a man who is upset over the death of his beloved wife, and is upset why good people are taken first by God, why not bad people. This is a conflict or central problem in the drama script " Sudah Gila" by Chairil Anwar. The plot in this script is a forward plot. The setting in this drama script is in the Village, Teras Rumah. Conclusion, based on the analysis that the author did on the drama script, it is a type of imaginative drama as well as possibly a tragedy drama, because the climax of the story is about sadness and confusion.    

Literature serves as a mirror reflecting the social and cultural dynamics of society. This serves as the foundation for analyzing the play "Kereta Kencana" in this journal. The work of W.S. Rendra is the subject of this study, aimed at uncovering its meaning and structure through a structuralist approach. This research delves into various narrative layers, structures, and messages contained within the text. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method and a structuralist approach, the case study on "Kereta Kencana" will analyze its intrinsic elements. The findings provide a deeper understanding of intrinsic components such as characters, characterization, plot, setting, point of view, moral, and theme. Additionally, this study explores the relationships between characters, plot development, philosophical and social messages, as well as the stylistic choices employed.

This study aims to analyze the plot and point of view in the short story Percayakah Kau Padaku, a work that features deep psychological exploration and strong emotional conflict. Using a structuralist approach, this research evaluates how the non-linear plot and the choice of first-person perspective influence the reader's understanding of the characters and the main themes, namely trust and betrayal. The complex plot, with shifts between the past and present, creates tension and adds depth to the protagonist's inner journey. On the other hand, the first-person perspective allows the reader to directly experience the psychological dilemmas faced by the character, enriching the understanding of the internal conflict. Through this analysis, it can be concluded that the plot and point of view serve as tools to deepen the characters, strengthen the themes of the story, and provide a more intense reading experience. This study also offers suggestions for further story development by enriching the supporting characters and clarifying the time transitions in the plot.

This study aims to analyze the plot and point of view in the short story Percayakah Kau Padaku, a work that features deep psychological exploration and strong emotional conflict. Using a structuralist approach, this research evaluates how the non-linear plot and the choice of first-person perspective influence the reader's understanding of the characters and the main themes, namely trust and betrayal. The complex plot, with shifts between the past and present, creates tension and adds depth to the protagonist's inner journey. On the other hand, the first-person perspective allows the reader to directly experience the psychological dilemmas faced by the character, enriching the understanding of the internal conflict. Through this analysis, it can be concluded that the plot and point of view serve as tools to deepen the characters, strengthen the themes of the story, and provide a more intense reading experience. This study also offers suggestions for further story development by enriching the supporting characters and clarifying the time transitions in the plot.

The short story "Gubrak" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is an interesting short story to analyze. This research analyzes the intrinsic elements of the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma which aims to determine the important elements used in the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The problem that will be answered in this research is what elements are in the short story "Gubrak" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The aim of this research is to determine the intrinsic elements of short stories. The research method used is a qualitative method because it is descriptive and leads to analysis by presenting an analysis of the intrinsic elements of the short story. The results of this research show that there are elements found in the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma including theme, characters,  plot, setting, point of view, and message. This analysis is useful for finding out what elements are in the short story 'Gubrak' by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. The benefit of this research is that it allows viewers of literary works to feel the emotions contained in the literary work, especially literary works in the form of writing, so that the intrinsic elements can reflect individual expressions and are a means of depicting the atmosphere of the story. And literary works become more beautiful and do not abandon the aesthetic value of a literary work.

The short story Laki Sejati by Putu Wijaya is one of the works of Indonesian literature that depicts the dynamics of human life and internal conflicts. This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the short story, including themes, characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, and mandate. Through this analysis, it is revealed how these intrinsic elements are used by the author to build a story that is evocative and full of meaning. The results of the analysis show that the main theme of this short story is the search for identity and the true meaning of "masculinity". The main character, who has an inner struggle in understanding the values of masculinity, is shown with a deep complexity of character. The progressive storyline with intense conflict takes the reader on the emotional journey of the main character, while the physical and social setting reinforces the realism of the story. A limited third-person perspective is used to explore the main character's perspective, revealing the inner dynamics that are the main focus of the story. The mandate contained in this short story invites readers to reflect on the true meaning of identity, courage, and happiness in life. This study concludes that the intrinsic elements in the short story Hukum Hukum are  used very effectively to describe the struggle of human beings in understanding their identity. This short story is not only a literary work, but also a philosophical reflection on life and the meaning of masculinity.

The legend of Situ Bagendit is one of the Indonesian folktales that is full of moral and cultural values. This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the legend, including themes, characters and characters, plot, setting, point of view, mandate, and symbolism. Using a literary analysis approach, this study reveals how these elements work together to convey a strong moral message. The results of the analysis show that the main theme in the Situ Bagendit Legend is greed and its destructive impact. Nyi Endit, as the main character, represents bad behavior that leads to destruction, while beggars play a role as a symbol of justice and wisdom. The linear storyline and setting where Situ Bagendit reinforces the moral message it contains, namely the importance of sharing, staying away from greed, and living in harmony with others and nature. The message in this story remains relevant in the modern era, making it an effective learning medium to instill social and cultural values. Strong symbolism, such as a beggar's wand and overflowing water, adds depth to the story, giving it a broader dimension to its moral meaning. This study concluded that  the Situ Bagendit Legend not only functions as a traditional entertainment, but also as an important cultural heritage to be preserved. Through the analysis of intrinsic elements, this legend can be appreciated as a reflection of noble values that are relevant to the life of today's society.