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Domestic violence remains a critical pastoral problem because survivors in church communities often face not only physical, psychological, sexual, and economic harm, but also spiritual narratives that may either sustain recovery or silence disclosure. This constructive qualitative study aims to formulate a Christian pastoral counseling model for survivors of domestic violence in church settings. The study applies a library-based practical-theological design by critically synthesizing peer-reviewed literature on intimate partner violence, faith-based responses, trauma- and violence-informed care, pastoral theology, Indonesian legal norms, and church-related studies. The findings show that pastoral counseling for survivors must be structured around safety rather than immediate marital reconciliation; interpret Scripture through dignity, justice, and protection of the vulnerable; recognize religious coercive control as a form of harm; integrate emotional stabilization with spiritual care; and build referral networks with psychological, legal, medical, and social services. The article proposes an integrated PASTORAL-SAFE model that combines risk assessment, survivor affirmation, trauma stabilization, theological reframing, social support, professional referral, perpetrator accountability, and long-term pastoral accompaniment. The implication is that churches need written protocols, trained pastoral teams, confidentiality standards, and collaborative safeguarding systems to prevent pastoral responses from unintentionally reproducing violence.

Acts of sexual violence against women and children are a threat that continues to occur anywhere in the world. Boalemo Regency is one of the districts that has experienced a fairly high increase in the number of cases of sexual violence against children. Based on information obtained by the author at the Boalemo Police, the number of cases Sexual violence in the last 3 years has increased by 55 cases. In 2020 there were 15 cases, in 2021 it increased to 18 cases and in 2022 cases of sexual violence increased to 22 cases and cases of sexual crimes against women, in 2019 there were 2 cases, in 2020 only 1 case, and in 2021 only 2 cases. This research aims to determine the factors that cause sexual violence against women and children and to determine the police's efforts to tackle acts of sexual violence against women and children. This research aims to find out what factors cause criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Boalemo Regency and what police efforts are in dealing with criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Boalemo Regency. The research method used is empirical legal research. The data obtained in this research is analyzed qualitatively, namely by collecting data and drawing conclusions to determine the results. The research results show that there are several factors that cause sexual violence against female children in Boalemo Regency, namely: alcohol, low education, unmet biological needs, the role of the victim, lack of religious education and pornography. And the police's efforts to tackle criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Boalemo Regency are: conducting outreach and providing information about sexual violence through social media.

Sexual violence is a serious problem that causes physical and psychological harm to the victims. In efforts to prevent and address sexual violence, cooperation from all elements of society is very much needed, including through community-based service provider organizations as a form of community participation. This is regulated in Indonesian Law on Sexual Violence, Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (UU TPKS) Article 85 regarding Community Participation, both in prevention and victim recovery. The Solidarity Foundation for Women's Humanity and Human Rights (SPEK-HAM) in Kota Surakarta is one of the community-based service provider organizations that play an important role in providing various prevention and victim recovery programs in accordance with the mandate of Indonesian Law on Sexual Violence (UU TPKS). However, in its implementation, SPEK-HAM faces various internal and external obstacles in fulfilling its role as a community-based service provider organization. This study uses the empirical legal research method to analyze SPEK-HAM's participation in implementing the mandate of the Indonesian Law on Sexual Violence in efforts to prevent and recover victims of sexual violence, as well as the challenges it faces. The findings of this research indicate that SPEK-HAM carries out several prevention and victim recovery programs by conducting awareness-raising activities and collaborating with relevant stakeholders. The obstacles encountered in these efforts include internal obstacles from within the organizers of sexual violence prevention and handling, as well as external obstacles which come from the outside.

Domestic violence is known to increase significantly from year to year. There are 4 forms of domestic violence, namely physical, psychological, sexual and economic violence. Of the several forms of domestic violence, there is physical and economic violence that often occurs in Indonesian households. This happens because of several juridical factors that influence the emergence of domestic violence, but there are 2 juridical factors that greatly influence the existence of domestic violence, namely cultural factors and economic factors. The aim of this research is to gain knowledge about the factors that cause domestic violence and how to resolve domestic violence using the concept of restorative justice. Apart from that, the main aim is to ensure that domestic violence cases in Indonesia do not increase. The research method used in this article is a library study approach because it collects data from books, journals, the internet, or other written literature as a basis for writing research.

Dating violence is an act of violence against a partner who is not yet married, including physical, psychological and sexual violence.  The facts behind the occurrence of cases of violence during the dating period occur due to various causal factors, one of the factors that can cause these acts of violence can be caused by the victims themselves. The impact of violence in courtship is of course that there are parties who suffer both physically and psychologically and are entitled to their rights in the fulfillment and protection of their lives, as well as from psychosocial aspects that greatly affect the psychology and life of individuals and are very influential and reciprocal in the lives of victims, with the fulfillment of victims' rights such as medical treatment, counseling, therapy and rehabilitation, victims can be restored to normal. This study aims to determine the role of victim factors in the occurrence of violence in the dating period, as well as the form of legal protection for victims of dating violence. This research uses empirical legal research methods sourced from data obtained directly in the form of statements and opinions from respondents, namely the perpetrator, the victim, the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, and the PPA Polresta Kupang Kota. The results showed that the occurrence of violence during the dating period was also caused by the role of the victim, namely the provocation of the victim and the dependence of the victim on the perpetrator, then the results also showed that there was a form of legal protection for victims in the form of providing legal assistance, providing health assistance, spiritual assistance and rehabilitation.

Sexual violence is an act that humiliates, insults, harasses, attacks a person's body or reproductive function, due to unequal power or position relations. There are various types of violence such as physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence, trafficking, etc. The impact of violence includes physical, emotional and psychological trauma for the victim. Preventing sexual violence is a shared responsibility and requires cooperation from various parties, including government, educational institutions, communities and individuals. Cases of sexual violence among students are a major problem, especially when it occurs in the school, family and other environments. It is not uncommon for cases of sexual violence to occur that cause trauma for the victim. The problem that occurred at SMA PLUS AR-RAUDHAH was related to the lack of knowledge of students regarding the prevention of sexual violence, in addition to the lack of assistance and knowledge taught by educators to students regarding the prevention of sexual violence with 121 participants. The aim of carrying out this service activity is to form students' understanding, especially SMA PLUS AR-RAUDHAH students, regarding sexual violence, its impact and prevention, so that it is hoped that students can avoid sexual violence. This service method is carried out through several stages, namely the preparation stage and the implementation stage and this activity uses the lecture method. The results obtained from this service are that students' understanding of the types, impact of sexual violence and prevention of sexual violence personally increases.

Violence against domestic helpers is one form of crime that often occurs. This is certainly influenced by various factors and relates to the extent to which countermeasures for the crime are carried out. The purpose of the study is to find out what are the factors and efforts to overcome violence against domestic assistants. This study uses empirical juridical and normative juridical approaches. The results of this study show that the factors causing violent crimes against domestic helpers are environmental factors (differential association), economic factors (anomie theory), and religious factors (control theory) which can be overcome through penal and non-penal efforts.  

Dating is a relationship between two individuals of different sexes sex. Dating doesn't always go well, individuals can't resolving conflicts will use violence as a way out. This research aims to find out the causes and processes why women commit dating violence. This research aims to find out and research the causal factors the occurrence of violence in dating and self-defense of victims of domestic violence in a relationship. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection carried out by direct interviews with open-ended questions. The research participants numbered eight informants, namely three victims, three perpetrators and two additional informants. Based on the research results, factors were found The occurrence of violence in dating is caused by personal character blaming others, making a big deal out of small things, lack of emotional regulation, as well as selfishness, and excessive thinking. Violent behavior that has been carried out by informants, namely physical violence in the form of kicking, slapping, as well as hitting and in the form of psychological violence in the form of calls bad, forcing, threatening, humiliating, cursing and shouting.

Cases of sexual violence against children, especially those with mental disorders, are a serious problem that requires attention in law enforcement and child protection in Indonesia. In this context, the lack of regulations that specifically regulate the protection of children with mental disorders creates obstacles in handling cases and protecting victims. The problem raised in this research is: how is the law enforced for criminal acts of sexual violence committed against children with mental disorders and what efforts are made by investigators in this case to fulfill the rights of victims. This research is directed towards empirical legal research and the approach used in this research uses a statutory approach and a case approach. This research was carried out at Gorontalo Police. The results of the research and discussion explain that the law enforcement process for criminal acts of sexual violence against children who also experience mental disorders involves a series of steps that take into account the special conditions of the victims. Namely, the fulfillment of the victim's rights as a child with mental disorders, including: during the investigation and inquiry process the victim continues to be accompanied by P2TP2A, Social Services, psychologists and psychologists. This proves that the child is being looked after so that there is no trauma after the incident. In Indonesia there are no regulations that explicitly regulate this matter so investigators still use Article 81 paragraph 1 in conjunction with Article 76 e or Article 82 paragraph 1 in conjunction with Article 76 e of Republic of Indonesia Law No. 17 of 2016 concerning the Determination of Government Regulations in Lieu of Republic of Indonesia Law No. 1 of 2016 Regarding the 2nd Amendment to Republic of Indonesia Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection into Law in conjunction with Article 64 paragraph 1 to 1 of the Criminal Code. With the general stages of the law enforcement process, namely, Reporting, Investigation, Examination of Victims, Collection of Evidence, Determination of Suspects, fingerprinting process, and then it is handed over to the prosecutor's office for the court process.

This research discusses the causes of domestic violence (KDRT) against women. The aim of this research is to find out the impact of the causes of domestic violence that occur in RT 003 RW 011 Pondok Pinang. This research is qualitative research in collecting data using observation, interviews and documentation methods. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Triangulation is used to explain the validity of the data obtained. The findings of this research show what women go through in terms of social function from the physical and mental levels they have gone through. The results of the research reveal that the causes of domestic violence against women occur due to economic difficulties, excessive emotions and disobedience, while several impacts are experienced by the victim, such as psychological impacts such as post-traumatic stress, shame and anxiety for the partner, first. both physical impacts such as bruises and bruises.

Online gender-based violence against women is a social phenomenon that is increasingly common. Online gender-based violence against women takes advantage of technological developments and the use of social media. The aim of this research is to provide an overview of women's lives in the shadow of the phenomenon of online gender-based violence. The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive approach involving female students from the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Muhammadiyah University, Jakarta, academic year 2019 – 2020 as respondents. The method for determining respondents in this research is non-probability sampling - purposive. If we look at the current situation, gender-based violence has occurred in all walks of life, such as household life, society and in the political arena. Based on the grouping of types of platforms that are popularly used and have a high potential for online gender-based violence, namely Whatsapp and Instagram. If we look at the respondents' understanding of online gender-based violence, there are still respondents who do not really understand this social phenomenon. The most common cause of gender-based violence against women is low tolerance towards the opposite sex and knowledge about gender equality. This online gender-based violence has a broad impact, equivalent to the impact of gender-based violence that occurs conventionally, victims will experience emotional, psychological and social losses.

Dalam kehidupan rumah tangga sering terjadi pertentangan dan perbedaan pendapat yang sering berujung pada tindak kekerasan fisik maupun psikis yang dilakukan suami terhadap isteri atau sebaliknya. Untuk mencegah, melindungi korban dan menindak pelaku kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, negara dan masyarakat wajib melaksanakan pencegahan, perlindungan dan penindakan terhadap pelaku sesuai falsafah Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Negara berpandangan bahwa segala bentuk kekerasan, terutama kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan kejahatan terhadap martabat kemanusiaan serta bentuk diskriminasi. Oleh karenanya perlu diadakan pencegahan dan penindakan terhadap pelaku dengan menggunakan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.Kata kunci : pencegahan, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.

Violence in the educational environment is a serious problem that affects student well-being and academic achievement as well as interfering with the learning process. This dedication aims to see the potential and implement prevention and rejection strategies in schools. In this increasingly complex world, education is crucial to building a positive personality, knowledge, and attitude towards a variety of social challenges and risky behaviors. We involve students, teachers, parents, and local communities in designing and implementing a variety of relevant and sustainable prevention and prevention activities through collaborative and participatory approaches. To find problems, create solutions, and measure the effect of interventions, surveys and interviews are used. The results of this dedication show that an inclusive, educational, and responsive environment to the needs of students and the surrounding community is crucial. This dedication shows that prevention and rejection integrated into curricula and extracurricular activities can be a key capital in increasing social resilience and reducing the risk of negative behaviour among adolescents. In conclusion, educational institutions, communities, and other stakeholders must work together to build a safe, healthy, resilient environment. The study helps practitioners, policymakers, and researchers design and implement successful and sustainable prevention programmes in educational institutions.

Introduction: DP3A Semarang City in 2023 there were 67 cases with 5 male victims and 62 female victims. Adolescents are vulnerable to experiencing dating violence, with a high level of curiosity adolescents seek information related to reproductive health, but have not received the correct information. So that a lack of understanding will result in behavior that can harm yourself, your partner and the environment. Objektive: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between adolescent knowledge about reproductive health and the phenomenon of dating violence at STIKES Telogorejo Semarang. Metode: This study used a quantitative method with a cross sectional approach. The instruments used were reproductive health and dating violence questionnaires. The population in this study amounted to 597 respondents. The sample in this study were 96 respondents using the snowball sampling technique. This study used bivariate and univariate analysis with the statistical test used, namely chi-square. Results: The results showed a p-value of 0.031 <a (0.05) so that Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. This means that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health and the phenomenon of dating violence. The results showed that a good level of adolescent health knowledge indicated good courtship behavior to be a positive value for adolescents. acts of violence that occur, namely, physical violence, psychological violence, and verbal violence. Women are more dominant as victims of violence because they feel too intimate and fall in love with their partners so they tend to use feelings rather than logic. This causes women to suffer more from violence that occurs in dating relationships. Suggestions for objects to be open-minded about information about reproductive health and cases of dating violence in their environment, especially parents, so that they understand more about the development of their children, especially those who have entered their teens.

This study aims to describe and understand the impact of domestic violence (DV) on children who are victims or witnesses of violence that occurs in the household. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 3 respondents consisting of 2 parents who divorced due to domestic violence and 1 child who experienced domestic violence. The data were analyzed using narrative analysis techniques. The results showed that domestic violence has a serious and diverse impact on children, both physically, psychologically and socially. This impact is influenced by several factors, such as the type, frequency, intensity, and duration of violence, age, gender, and characteristics of the child, as well as support and protection provided by other parties. This research provides contributions, implications and suggestions for the development of science, practice and further research.

There are increasing cases of sexual violence involving underage teenagers and even children who are victims of these heinous acts. In this case, guidance and counseling can help victims of sexual violence because the purpose of guidance and counseling is to show, guide or direct other people to a better/right path. In writing this research, the author used literature study techniques systematically so that the steps taken could be carried out more easily. Trauma can affect anyone who experiences extraordinary events, such as war, rape, death due to violence against loved ones, and natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis. The traumatic counseling process does not have any fundamental differences from the counseling process in general, including the basic skills that must be understood and applied properly. Implementation of CBT counseling to overcome trauma in victims of sexual violence can be done by following the CBT counseling framework guidelines. Implementation of CBT counseling to overcome trauma in victims of sexual violence can be done by following the CBT counseling framework guidelines.

When welding, you don't have to connect two metal materials, you can also weld the thickness of the component. Steel is a metal material that can be used in the engineering field to make alloys of other metals so that they can have better material properties than the original metal material. One thing that can be done to increase resistance to wear is to increase the surface hardness of the workpiece. This research carried out an analysis to increase the hardness of the surface of low carbon steel after heat treatment for 60 minutes with variations in quenching media resulting from hardfacing using SMAW welding (shield metal arc welding) with DC+ and DC- polarities. The data analysis technique used in this research is specimen testing. The results obtained later by the research show that DC+ polarity has higher hardness in all specimens tested with a value of 418.66 VHN water quenching, 402.8 VHN oil quenching, 348 VHN non-treatment when compared with DC- polarity with a value of 405, 92 VHN quenching water, 374.02 VHN quenching oil and 323.38 VHN non-treatment. Quenching media with water obtained the highest hardness results with a value of 405.92 VHN.

This scientific article aims to determine the implementation of Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulation Number 30 of 2021 concerning Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in Higher Education Environments, factors inhibiting the implementation of Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Regulation Number 30 of 2021 concerning Prevention and to find out how the realization of the formation of an anti-sexual violence task force, (Study at Bandar Lampung University), the efforts made by universities in realizing the Minister of Education, Culture, Technology and Research Regulation N0.30 of 2021 concerning Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence on Campus Sexual Violence (Study at Bandar Lampung University). The research method in writing this scientific article uses empirical juridical methods. The results of the research show that the formation of an anti-sexual violence task force has not yet been fully realized because the Ministry of Education and Culture is still designing the scheme and mechanism for its formation. The formation of a task force must be realized immediately to prevent ongoing sexual violence and provide information on the importance of efforts that must be taken to prevent sexual violence from occurring.

In the study under study is related to the study of fiction, namely a novel where the novel is a type of fiction genre that is written in writing where it has several elements of imagination and also in writing where it has some elements of imagination and is also related to wishful thinking while literary criticism is an analysis related to the analysis that deals with the examination of elements that have errors so that the critique generally focuses on the author's some of the author's confusion in writing so that the literature criticism is the result of evaluating a piece of literature. This review aims to describe and reveal violence against female characters in Ameylia Falensia's Nobel. This research utilizes the psychoanalysis method, namely to find out how the deviation in the character and what causes it. In this scope, the researcher took a study that focuses on one of the literary works entitled focused on one literary work entitled 00.00 a pair of wounds that ended in grief written by Ameylia Falensia that ends with grief written by Ameylia Falensia. The results of this study found that there were several cases of psychological and psychological violence. Where the victims generally get a sense of trauma and fear that can trigger a person to do activities that are not in accordance with a person's activity is not in accordance with his reasoning so that it always ends with murder.

In the study under study is related to the study of fiction, namely a novel where the novel is a type of fiction genre that is written in writing where it has several elements of imagination and also in writing where it has some elements of imagination and is also related to wishful thinking while literary criticism is an analysis related to the analysis that deals with the examination of elements that have errors so that the critique generally focuses on the author's some of the author's confusion in writing so that the literature criticism is the result of evaluating a piece of literature. This review aims to describe and reveal violence against female characters in Ameylia Falensia's Nobel. This research utilizes the psychoanalysis method, namely to find out how the deviation in the character and what causes it. In this scope, the researcher took a study that focuses on one of the literary works entitled focused on one literary work entitled 00.00 a pair of wounds that ended in grief written by Ameylia Falensia that ends with grief written by Ameylia Falensia. The results of this study found that there were several cases of psychological and psychological violence. Where the victims generally get a sense of trauma and fear that can trigger a person to do activities that are not in accordance with a person's activity is not in accordance with his reasoning so that it always ends with murder.