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This research aims to analyze the representation of mental disabilities and the concept of justice in the film Miracle in Cell No. 7 from a gender studies perspective. The film features a main character with intellectual disabilities who is a victim of an uninclusive and patriarchal legal system. The representation of disability in the film shows a combination of empathy and infantile stereotypes that place people with disabilities as objects of pity without agency. Through Stuart Hall's representation theory approach and Crenshaw's intersectionality framework, this research reveals how class identity, gender, and disability shape the main character's subordinate position. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach, where data is analyzed based on symbols, narratives, and cinematic elements in the film. The results show that the film uses emotional strategies to build closeness with the audience, but risks reproducing structural biases against vulnerable groups. Nonetheless, the film still has potential as a medium for social criticism of legal injustice and representational bias in popular culture. This research recommends the need for a more inclusive and humane cinematic approach in depicting people with disabilities and gender inequality.

This study aims to examine the ethical and moral considerations of judges in imposing verdicts against perpetrators of the crime of child intercourse, as reflected in Decision Number 147/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Kpg. This case is complex because the perpetrator and the victim are both still classified as minors and sexual relations occurred on the basis of consensual, but are still qualified as criminal acts based on positive Indonesian law. The main focus of this study is how judges balance protection for victims with justice for perpetrators who are also still in their childhood, as well as the extent to which the principle of restorative justice is applied in the verdict. This study uses an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, which relies on document studies, interviews, and analysis of court decisions. The theories used in the analysis are the theories of restorative justice, substantive justice, and child protection in the criminal justice system. The results of the study showed that the judge imposed criminal punishment on the perpetrator even though there were elements of agreement and the status of the perpetrator who was still a child. The judge's main consideration is the legal protection of children as absolute victims. However, judges do not optimally consider the approach to coaching and restorative justice as regulated in the juvenile justice system. The victim's family's refusal to mediate was also a factor that strengthened the criminal verdict. On the other hand, there is an inequality in the application of the principle of fairness, because the perpetrator is not fully positioned as a child who also needs protection and coaching.

Discipline in education is necessary for students to understand moral and social boundaries. The practice of disciplining (corporal punishment) against students is still debatable. Some people consider it a form of violence against children that contradicts the principles of child protection in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. A dilemma arises regarding the limits of the teacher's authority in disciplining students and whether these actions can be categorized as criminal acts or are still included in the realm of education. Article 14 of Law No. 14/2005 on Teachers and Lecturers states that teachers have the right to impose sanctions on students who violate norms, rules, and academic ethics. This research is normative research. The results of this research are: (1) The provision of corporal punishment by teachers against students who violate religious norms, norms of decency, norms of politeness, written and unwritten rules set by teachers in the learning process cannot be categorized as acts against criminal law if the corporal punishment carried out by the teacher does not exceed the limits of reasonableness or punishment that is educational in nature in accordance with the teacher's code of ethics. (2) The application of mediation as a form of protection for teachers regulated in Article 4 paragraph 2 of Permendikbud Number 10 of 2017, where mediation is a form of implementation of restorative justice values creating a space for peaceful problem solving that considers the interests of students, teachers and students. The application of mediation as a form of protection for teachers regulated in Article 4 paragraph 2 of Permendikbud Number 10 of 2017, where mediation is a form of implementation of restorative justice values creating a space for peaceful problem solving that considers the interests of students, teachers, and the school community.

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang komprehensif mengenai konsep the living law dalam KUHP Nasional kepada masyarakat Desa Kiyangkongrejo, Kecamatan Kutoarjo, Kabupaten Purworejo. Melalui pendekatan sosialisasi dan dialog interaktif, kegiatan ini mengupayakan untuk menciptakan kesadaran hukum masyarakat yang tidak hanya memahami aturan-aturan formal dalam KUHP sebagai hukum yang harus dipatuhi, tetapi juga menyadari adanya pengakuan terhadap nilai-nilai dan praktik hukum lokal dalam sistem hukum nasional. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan pada 20 April 2025 ini dihadiri oleh 78 peserta yang terdiri dari berbagai elemen masyarakat dan pemangku kepentingan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman peserta yang signifikan, dengan rata-rata peningkatan sebesar 41,02% berdasarkan perbandingan pre-test dan post-test. Pembahasan dalam kegiatan ini mencakup fenomena living law di Desa Kiyangkongrejo, harmonisasi the living law dengan KUHP Nasional, serta tantangan dan solusi dalam implementasinya. Beberapa praktik penyelesaian konflik berbasis kearifan lokal yang ada di desa, seperti rembug desa dan peran tokoh masyarakat, didiskusikan untuk melihat relevansinya dengan ketentuan dalam KUHP Nasional. Kegiatan ini merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan kapasitas tokoh masyarakat, penyusunan pedoman teknis, dokumentasi praktik-praktik penyelesaian konflik berbasis adat, serta membangun mekanisme koordinasi yang efektif antara aparatur penegak hukum, pemerintah desa, dan tokoh masyarakat. Dengan demikian, diharapkan akan tercipta harmonisasi antara living law dan KUHP Nasional dalam kehidupan masyarakat desa yang mendukung terciptanya keadilan substantif.

Violence among university students is a serious issue that often neglects the position of victims as subjects who deserve legal and social protection. The case of mob violence against a law faculty student at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University (Untirta) in SMKN 2 Serang City in June 2024 reveals the complexities of victims’ access to justice, marked by slow legal processes and insufficient institutional support. This study employs a qualitative approach with a normative empirical juridical legal research design and a case study method, combining an examination of legislation with field data to explore the social, legal, and psychological conditions of the victims through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and literature review. Data analysis is conducted descriptively-analytically using thematic coding and source triangulation to ensure the validity of findings. The study uncovers three main findings: (1) secondary victimization experienced by victims due to legal process stagnation and lack of accompaniment, (2) institutional responses prioritizing campus reputation over victim recovery, and (3) a culture of violence normalizing violent acts as internal campus conflicts. This research offers victimology-based recommendations, including the establishment of victim service units on campus, sensitivity training for law enforcement officers, and revisions to victim-centered campus policies. The findings underscore the importance of a victimological approach in supporting restorative justice for student violence victims.

Extortion in the distribution of social assistance for the Family Hope Program (PKH) is one of the structural problems that hinders the effectiveness of the program in empowering the poor. This practice not only harms the recipients of assistance, but also violates the principles of social justice. This article aims to examine the case of extortion in PKH from a victimology perspective, focusing on its impact on victims, both psychologically and socio-economically. This study uses an empirical legal methodology using a field research approach and a sociological legal approach. The data obtained was processed qualitatively which was then analyzed descriptively. The results of the study show that victims of extortion experience greater losses, not only in the form of loss of funds, but also in the form of damage to trust in social and state institutions. In addition, this study proposes several steps to revitalize justice in handling extortion cases, including increasing supervision, public education, and bureaucratic reform that can restore public trust in the PKH program. Thus, revitalizing justice in this context is expected to create a more just social environment and reduce the practice of extortion in the future.

The urgency of updating the approach in handling minor crimes is increasingly relevant amidst society's demands for a more just and humane legal system. This article aims to examine the concept of restorative justice as an alternative for resolving minor crimes and assess its relevance to the social justice agenda in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data was collected through literature studies, policy documentation, and in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials and community figures. The research results show that restorative justice is able to be a more efficient, inclusive and solution mechanism than the retributive approach, by prioritizing the restoration of relationships between perpetrators, victims and society. These findings strengthen restorative legal theory and provide a real contribution to the discourse on criminal law reform based on local values ​​and social justice. In conclusion, the implementation of restorative justice has great potential to strengthen social cohesion and build a more responsive and participatory legal system. This research recommends the need to strengthen regulations and training of officials to overcome obstacles in their implementation, as well as opening up space for further exploration in a broader context.

A separatist creditor are those holding proprietary security rights over a debtor’s assets, granting them preferential claims in the satisfaction of debts through the execution of the collateral. Article 59 of the Indonesian Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations Law (UU KPKPU) restricts the exercise of such execution rights to a period of two months following the declaration of bankruptcy. This limitation raises issues of fairness, as it treats all creditors equally without regard to the legal priority attached to secured creditors. The provision risks undermining the absolute nature of proprietary security rights and deviates from the principle of proportional justice as articulated by Aristoteles. This article adopts a normative legal approach, examining statutory provisions, legal principles, and relevant doctrinal opinions. The findings suggest that the uniform treatment of secured and unsecured creditors after the expiry of the execution period is inconsistent with the fundamental characteristics of secured rights, namely their priority and enforceability against third parties. Accordingly, a revision of the existing legal framework is necessary to ensure the proper and equitable enforcement of secured creditors' rights in bankruptcy proceedings.

The Child Protection Law affirms that the state guarantees children's rights to “protection from violence” as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution. This paper examines child abuse within the framework of Indonesian positive law using a normative approach and legal philosophy (positivism). The focus of the analysis is to what extent legal norms (such as the Child Protection Law, the Criminal Code, the Domestic Violence Law, etc.) align with the values of justice and children's human rights. A normative approach is used to analyze the laws and legal literature, while the philosophical approach, particularly the positivist ideas of Hans Kelsen and H.L.A. Hart, is employed to understand the relationship between legal norms and the concept of justice. The analysis reveals that although child protection regulations exist, their implementation on the ground tends to be legalistic, often neglecting humanitarian and justice elements. This study emphasizes the need for alignment between legal norms and substantive justice and the protection of children's human rights. The implication of this research is the need for a legal policy that is more responsive to children's rights and justice.

The corruption that occurred at PT Pertamina reflects the weak integrity of public officials and the inadequacy of internal oversight systems. The positive legal approach has proven ineffective in addressing corruption in practice. Therefore, this study departs from the need for an alternative approach based on Islamic political values such as trustworthiness (amanah), justice, and supervision in addressing corruption within state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method. Data were collected from academic journals, official reports by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK), as well as credible media sources. The data were analyzed by categorizing them according to the principles of trustworthiness, justice, and supervision, and then interpreted through the framework of Islamic political thought to deeply understand the root causes of corruption. Corruption in PT Pertamina involves power protection, budget manipulation, and procurement fraud. Violations of trust, injustice in resource distribution, and weak supervision indicate the absence of Islamic principles in corporate governance. Ethical and spiritual values have not yet been internalized within the bureaucratic system and organizational culture of SOEs. This study concludes that corruption in PT Pertamina is a result of the loss of trust, the breakdown of justice, and weak oversight. An Islamic political approach that emphasizes ethics and spiritual responsibility is highly relevant to be applied. These values can help form a just and transparent governance system and rebuild public trust in SOEs.

Interlocutory decisions and final decisions are two forms of court decisions that have strategic functions in ensuring the application of the principles of procedural justice. In Indonesian judicial practice, procedural irregularities, norm inconsistencies, and lack of transparency often occur which hinder the achievement of legal justice. This research aims to analyze the role and position of interlocutory decisions and final decisions in the Indonesian judicial system, and identify normative and practical obstacles faced in their implementation. The type of research used is normative juridical with conceptual and statutory approaches. The results showed that regulatory weaknesses, low quality of judicial consideration, and limited access to information were the main obstacles in realizing procedural justice. Therefore, it is recommended to harmonize procedural laws, increase the capacity of judges, and digitize open decisions to ensure effective, transparent, and dignified justice in the national justice system.

In the framework of Islamic economics, which places a strong emphasis on social justice and ethics, fiscal policy is crucial in controlling a nation's economy. The necessity to comprehend how fiscal policy can be executed in line with sharia principles in order to attain public welfare serves as the backdrop for this study.  This study's goal is to investigate the connection between Islamic economics and fiscal policy and evaluate how it affects the general welfare. The approach is library research, which involves gathering and examining a variety of works pertaining to Islamic economics' fiscal policy. The findings demonstrate how fiscal policies rooted in Islamic principles, like zakat and charity, can promote equitable and inclusive economic growth. In the Islamic system, fiscal policy fosters social and spiritual peace in addition to financial welfare. To sum up, fiscal policies that adhere to sharia principles can establish a just, durable, and advantageous economic structure that benefits all societal levels. Therefore, in order to attain economic stability and overall welfare, it is crucial that the government execute fiscal policies that are consistent with Islamic beliefs.

This study examines the legal uncertainty regarding the status of adopted children as heirs within Indonesia’s pluralistic national inheritance legal system. The Civil Inheritance Law (KUH Perdata), Islamic Inheritance Law (KHI), and Customary Inheritance Law each regulate adopted children differently and incompletely, thereby creating a legal vacuum. that harms adopted children socially and emotionally. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of these three legal systems and formulate a reconstruction of the status of adopted children based on substantive justice. Using a normative approach and the theories of legal reconstruction, substantive justice, and legal certainty, this study finds that reconstruction can be achieved through strengthening the mandatory will (wasiat wajibah), revising Article 209 of the KHI, and codifying and unifying national inheritance law through an Omnibus Law model. The parameters of justice used include the best interests of the child, public welfare, and non-discrimination. In conclusion, the reconstruction of the status of adopted children as heirs is urgently needed to fill the gaps in national inheritance law in a just manner.

 A brand is one of the most valuable intellectual assets in the business sector, serving not only as a product identity but also as a reflection of reputation and quality. However, the increasing phenomenon of brand infringement indicates the urgent need for stronger and more effective legal protection. Brand infringement brings various negative consequences, including loss of consumer trust, unfair competition, and significant financial losses for brand owners. This study aims to analyze brand infringement from a criminological perspective, identify causal factors, and evaluate the role of law in addressing such violations. The research employs normative legal methods through analysis of statutory regulations, legal and criminological theories, and a literature-based approach using secondary data obtained from books, journals, and legal documents. The findings reveal that criminology provides relevant insights through theories such as Rational Choice Theory, which explains that perpetrators calculate the risks and benefits before committing the violation, and Anomie Strain Theory, which highlights how the inability to achieve economic or social goals legally can drive individuals or groups to commit brand infringement. The classification of violations includes imitation, counterfeiting, misuse, and unlawful exploitation of brand rights. Several causal factors were identified, including weak legal supervision, limited enforcement, and the high consumer demand for cheaper counterfeit products. Furthermore, the study underlines the essential role of the criminal justice system in addressing brand infringement through the enforcement of criminal, civil, and administrative sanctions as regulated under Law Number 20 of 2016 on Trademarks and Geographical Indications. In conclusion, brand infringement is not merely a legal issue but also a criminological problem that requires comprehensive handling through effective law enforcement, stronger supervision, and increased public awareness to protect intellectual property and ensure fair business practices.

The standard of proof is the foundation that keeps the criminal justice system from turning into a repressive tool to prevent state power from imposing arbitrary sentences. However, in the midst of technological developments, it has created an unstable evidence landscape that threatens the continuity of the legitimacy of the law itself without a standard of proof that can be objectively verified. This study uses a qualitative research method with a conceptual approach. The data collection method is collected using literature studies, then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that maintaining the existence of the standard of proof is no longer adequate if it is not accompanied by a responsible and adaptive reformulation to the complexity of contemporary evidence. Exploration of alternative forms of evidence offers opportunities to increase precision and transparency that have been difficult to achieve with traditional mechanisms, but all of these innovations can only contribute constructively if they are placed within a strict legal and ethical framework, given the inherent risks such as algorithmic bias, the reduction of judicial convictions to statistics without context, and gaps in accountability between jurisdictions in the application of forensic technology.

The education system in Indonesia comprises a series of interconnected components and educational activities aimed at achieving national education goals. With the growing demands for educational reform, policies related to education have undergone several modifications. Every individual in the country has the right and obligation to attain a decent life; however, in reality, many are still unable to experience genuine well-being. This situation arises because the government and leaders tend to prioritize rights over fulfilling their responsibilities. The methodology employed is qualitative, The research findings indicate that the education policies implemented have not yet fully reached all segments of society, particularly vulnerable groups, despite the presence of public participation in forums such as Musrenbang. Moreover, the success of implementation largely depends on effective coordination between central and regional governments, as well as adequate socio-political support.

The growth of fashion UMKM in Indonesia through digital marketplace platforms has made a major contribution to the national economy, especially in job creation and developing creative product exports. However, this development also presents new challenges in the field of taxation, especially after the enactment of Law No. 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations (UU HPP). This study aims to analyze the principle of tax fairness for fashion UMKM operating through marketplaces, reviewed from a normative legal approach. The appointment of the market as a VAT collector and the continued implementation of Final Income Tax raises the potential for a double burden and inconsistency with the principles of vertical and horizontal justice in taxation. The results of the study show that the regulations in the Law on HPP do not fully reflect justice, legal certainty, and legal benefits, and risk pushing UMKM towards informality. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust technical policies that are more proportional to the capacity of UMKM actors, in order to realize an inclusive and equitable taxation system.

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana ekonomi mikro Islam dapat meningkatkan ketahanan sosial, khususnya di wilayah perkotaan Medan. Berdasarkan nilai-nilai syariah termasuk keadilan, anti-riba, dan solidaritas sosial, ekonomi mikro Islam tidak hanya meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi tetapi juga memperkuat struktur sosial. Masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah dapat memperoleh pendanaan bisnis tanpa bunga dan dukungan kewirausahaan melalui organisasi seperti Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) dan Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS), yang mempromosikan kemandirian ekonomi dan mengurangi kesenjangan sosial. Melalui inisiatif yang bermanfaat, instrumen zakat dan infaq juga berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap pemerataan pendapatan dan pengembangan kohesi sosial. Berdasarkan studi kasus Medan, penerapan ekonomi mikro Islam meningkatkan stabilitas rumah tangga, memperluas peran perempuan, dan menumbuhkan masyarakat yang inklusif. Namun, kendala seperti digitalisasi yang belum memadai dan kesadaran keuangan Islam yang belum memadai masih perlu diatasi. Singkatnya, ekonomi mikro Islam memiliki potensi besar untuk membangun masyarakat perkotaan yang lebih tangguh, mandiri, dan kohesif secara sosial.

This research aims to analyze the compatibility of the sea sand export policy, as outlined in Government Regulation No. 26 of 2023 and its implementing regulations in Minister of Trade Regulations No. 20 and 21, with the principles of ecological justice. The research is driven by concerns over the ecological impacts of sea sand exploitation and the potential conflict between economic interests and environmental protection. Using a normative juridical approach and analysis of prevailing laws and regulations, the study finds that the current regulatory framework does not fully reflect the principles of ecological justice. The policy fails to ensure equitable protection for coastal communities and the marine environment. Government Regulation No. 26/2023 does not explicitly mandate Environmental Impact Assessments (AMDAL), does not emphasize conservation as a fundamental principle, and allows room for exploitation in vulnerable coastal and small island areas. Moreover, historical data reveals that similar policies in the past have led to coastal erosion, the loss of outermost islands, and state losses due to illegal practices. Therefore, without proper reassessment and alignment with environmental justice principles, this policy risks exacerbating ecological inequalities.

This study explores the thoughts of Zaid bin Ali on credit transactions within the framework of economic justice in Islam. The research addresses key issues related to fairness, transparency, and ethical considerations in credit transactions, particularly in avoiding exploitation and ensuring mutual benefit. The study aims to analyze Zaid bin Ali’s perspectives on economic justice and their relevance to contemporary Islamic finance. Using a qualitative approach, this research employs library research methods by examining classical Islamic texts and scholarly interpretations. The findings reveal that Zaid bin Ali emphasized fairness in credit transactions by advocating for clear contractual terms, the prohibition of usury (riba), and the importance of ethical responsibility among transacting parties. His views align with the broader Islamic economic principles that seek to promote justice, balance, and social welfare. The study contributes to the discourse on Islamic economic thought by highlighting the relevance of classical Islamic perspectives in addressing modern financial issues. These findings can serve as a foundation for developing fairer and more ethical financial practices in contemporary Islamic banking and finance.