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Effective communication plays a central role in building and maintaining harmonious relationships in various aspects of life, both in family, friendship, and professional environments. This article comprehensively discusses how effective communication is not just an exchange of information, but also involves elements of active listening, clarity in delivering messages, empathy, and openness between individuals. Through effective communication, individuals can strengthen their understanding of each other, build mutual trust, and create an environment full of respect, so that the potential for conflict can be minimized and cooperation can be improved. Research and literature show that effective communication can improve the quality of interpersonal relationships by strengthening emotional bonds, fostering empathy, and strengthening mutual understanding. In an organizational context, good communication contributes to increased productivity, job satisfaction, and the creation of a positive work culture. Meanwhile, in personal relationships, effective communication is key to building trust, reducing misunderstandings, and strengthening emotional bonds between partners and family members. The effectiveness of communication is influenced by various factors, such as listening skills, openness, cultural differences, and social background. Therefore, efforts are needed to continue to develop communication skills, such as speaking politely, honing language skills, and being active in social environments. In conclusion, effective communication is the main foundation in creating harmonious and sustainable relationships, and is an important capital for individuals to make positive contributions to society.    

As an archipelagic nation with the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia faces challenges in employment opportunities due to the imbalance between population growth and job availability. Consequently, both central and regional governments are now focusing on the development of the informal sector, which contributes significantly to the economy and employment creation. In the era of the digital economy, this sector benefits from technological advancements. However, informal entrepreneurs continue to face obstacles such as limited access to technology, human resources, and capital. This study aims to examine the influence of education, capital, and information technology on the income of informal sector actors who utilize e-commerce in Denpasar City, both simultaneously and partially. The data used in this study consists of both primary and secondary sources, collected through interviews with 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The analytical methods employed include descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that the variables of education, capital, and information technology simultaneously have a significant influence on the income of the informal sector. Partially, each of these variables also exerts a positive and significant influence on income. Based on these findings, it is recommended to increase attention to education and training in digital technology utilization, as well as improve access to capital for informal entrepreneurs. These efforts can enhance sales performance, expand market reach, and consequently increase income.

The number of layoffs during Covid-19 due to the presence of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy not only has an impact on the health sector, but also has a wide impact on social and economic coverage, especially in the formal and informal employment sector. One of the main problems that arises is the increasing cases of Termination of Employment (PHK) which causes economic uncertainty for workers and their families. The researcher is encouraged to conduct an in-depth analysis of this condition after the enactment of the Job Creation Law, especially in the perspective of fulfilling the rights of workers affected by the pandemic. This study uses a normative legal research method with a legal legal approach, focusing on the employment aspect. Data was obtained through literature studies which included primary sources in the form of laws and regulations, as well as secondary sources in the form of literature, journals, scientific articles, and relevant court decisions. The results of the study show that there are still differences in implementation in fulfilling the rights of workers who have been laid off during the pandemic. Based on the decisions analyzed, it was found that there are still cases where workers do not get their rights in full, either related to severance pay, service award money, or other compensation money that should be guaranteed by law. These findings indicate that the role of judges in deciding layoff cases is very important to ensure maximum justice and protection for workers. Therefore, the author recommends that judges in deciding cases related to layoffs be guided by the principles of labor law, the principles of social justice, and applicable laws and regulations.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indonesian economy, playing a role not only in job creation but also in maintaining national economic stability. However, amidst the rapid development of the digital era, MSMEs face significant challenges in adopting technology to expand market reach and increase the competitiveness of local products. This research seeks to identify and develop simple innovations in designing effective digital promotional content, with a case study of the Alisa Khadijah Community of the ICMI South Tambun Branch. The analysis focuses on the actual conditions of MSMEs, the application of simple innovations in business processes and products, and digital promotional strategies that suit the characteristics of modern consumers. Through surveys and observations, it was found that the use of quality visuals, interactive elements, narrative storytelling, and internal collaboration can have a positive impact on increasing consumer visibility and engagement. The results show that most MSMEs that implement this content strategy experience a significant increase in digital interactions and product sales in a relatively short time. Furthermore, collaboration with the Cooperatives & MSMEs Office and educational institutions is a crucial factor in accelerating digital transformation, as it can provide access to technical assistance and training. Based on these findings, this study recommends the formation of innovation teams at the community level, the holding of ongoing workshops, and the development of collaborative platforms to share best practices and develop business networks. With the right approach, MSMEs can not only adapt to the digital era but also have the potential to expand their business scale and increase their competitiveness in the global market, thereby further strengthening their contribution to the Indonesian economy. This study recommends the formation of innovation teams within communities, practical workshops, and the development of collaborative platforms to increase MSME competitiveness in the digital market.

Cooperatives play a crucial role as business entities in enhancing the people's economy in Indonesia. Rooted in the principles of kinship and mutual cooperation, cooperatives aim to improve the welfare of their members and society at large, rather than merely pursuing profit. This study employs a descriptive analysis method to examine the role of cooperatives as a pillar of the people's economy, focusing on their contributions to microeconomic empowerment, job creation, and strengthening community purchasing power. The findings indicate that cooperatives significantly contribute to local economic growth, particularly through synergy with MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises), as well as by providing members with access to capital and training. However, challenges such as weak management, low financial literacy, and inadequate technological adaptation still hinder the optimization of cooperatives' roles. On the other hand, sharia cooperatives also emphasize social functions based on principles of justice and social responsibility. To enhance the contribution of cooperatives, institutional strengthening, professional management, and regulatory support from the government are required. Thus, cooperatives remain relevant as instruments for inclusive and sustainable economic development in Indonesia. 

As a major contributor to GDP and job creation, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in the Indonesian economy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which MSME business actors are able to support tax compliance while maintaining their business continuity through the implementation of the Income Tax (PPh) Article 23 policy. in the form of services, rent, profits, interest, and royalties are subject to PPh Article 23 tax. The implementation of the Income Tax Article 23 policy using taxation theory, public policy theory, tax law theory, and public management theory, this study uses a descriptive analysis methodology. The impact of the implementation of this tax on the financial and administrative aspects of MSMEs is examined, as well as the efficiency of the tax deduction system in increasing tax compliance. The results of the study, the application of a final rate of 0.5% based on PP No. 23 of 2018 and the supporting deduction / collection method in the PPh Article 23 policy, help ease the tax burden for MSMEs. The source deduction scheme has succeeded in increasing state revenues and ensuring tax compliance. There are still issues regarding the effectiveness of this policy, especially related to administrative compliance, such as processing certification, which is required to obtain a lower final rate. The main obstacles are literacy among MSMEs, lack of knowledge about the tax administration process, and the possibility of double taxation for MSMEs that do not have certificates are the main challenges noted. have not utilized the available incentives optimally due to lack of awareness and familiarity with the policy. This study concludes that in order to increase the effectiveness of the Income Tax Article 23 policy for MSMEs, significant efforts need to be made, such as tax education, simplification of administration, and strengthening supervision. The suggestion that can be given is that this policy can provide the greatest benefits for the growth and sustainability of MSME businesses which are the foundation of the national economy.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of population size, Human Development Index (HDI), and Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) on poverty levels in regencies/cities of Special Region of Yogyakarta during 2018-2023 period. The research employed quantitative design with panel data regression analysis approach across five regencies/cities in DIY. Secondary data were obtained from official publications of Statistics Indonesia Yogyakarta Province and analyzed using Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model with Stata 17 software. The research findings indicate that HDI has negative and significant effect on poverty level, suggesting that improvement in human resource quality effectively reduces poverty. OUR proved to have positive and significant effect on poverty, confirming that increased unemployment raises poverty levels. Conversely, population size shows no significant influence on poverty in DIY. These findings provide strategic implications for local government to prioritize investment in education and health sectors as well as job creation programs in poverty alleviation efforts. High inter-regional heterogeneity indicates the necessity for policy approaches tailored to specific characteristics of each regency/city in DIY.

This study aims to analyze in depth the concept of employment agreements according to Islamic law and how these principles can be harmonized with the provisions of employment agreements in the Indonesian Manpower Law. This study aims to explore the basic values in Islamic law, such as justice, mutual consent, and prohibition of exploitation, which are the ethical basis for employment relations between employers and workers. On the other hand, this study also examines the provisions of positive law in force in Indonesia, especially after the enactment of the Job Creation Law, to see the extent to which these regulations reflect the principles of justice and protection of workers. In Islamic law, an employment agreement is viewed as an ijarah contract that has elements of agreement, willingness of both parties, and justice in the implementation of rights and obligations. Meanwhile, in Indonesian positive law, an employment agreement is the basis for employment relations between workers and employers which are regulated in writing or verbally with certain provisions. This study uses a library research method with a qualitative normative approach. The results of the study show that basically the principles of employment agreements in Islamic law do not conflict with the Manpower Law, and can even complement each other in terms of justice, protection of workers' rights, and voluntary agreements. Harmonization can be done through adjustments to sharia principles in the implementation of employment contracts and the need to strengthen moral and ethical aspects in employment relationships.

The growth of fashion UMKM in Indonesia through digital marketplace platforms has made a major contribution to the national economy, especially in job creation and developing creative product exports. However, this development also presents new challenges in the field of taxation, especially after the enactment of Law No. 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations (UU HPP). This study aims to analyze the principle of tax fairness for fashion UMKM operating through marketplaces, reviewed from a normative legal approach. The appointment of the market as a VAT collector and the continued implementation of Final Income Tax raises the potential for a double burden and inconsistency with the principles of vertical and horizontal justice in taxation. The results of the study show that the regulations in the Law on HPP do not fully reflect justice, legal certainty, and legal benefits, and risk pushing UMKM towards informality. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust technical policies that are more proportional to the capacity of UMKM actors, in order to realize an inclusive and equitable taxation system.

Industrialization is a key factor in the economic development of a country, including Indonesia. Since the New Order era, industrialization has become an integral part of national development strategies, marked by the growth of the industrial sector and the active involvement of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept of industrialization, its role in the economy, the development of the industrial sector in Indonesia, its impacts, and concrete examples of state-owned enterprises operating in the industrial sector. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative approach, focusing on synthesizing findings from various sources to gain deeper insight. The discussion results show that industrialization greatly contributes to economic growth and job creation, but it also brings negative impacts such as environmental pollution, consumerism, cultural value shifts, and uncontrolled urbanization. One example of a state-owned enterprise playing a major role in the industrial sector is PT Pertamina (Persero), which contributes to national energy security and the development of a sustainable energy industry. By understanding the dynamics of industrialization, it is hoped that Indonesia’s future economic development can achieve a better balance between growth and sustainability.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a strategic contribution to economic equality and job creation, especially in rural areas. However, limitations in mastering digital technology, especially in marketing, are still a major challenge for MSMEs in Pepelegi Village, Sidoarjo. This community service activity aims to increase the digitalization capacity of MSMEs through training and mentoring in utilizing Google Maps as a promotional media. The method used in this study is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which includes observation, interviews, training, and evaluation. The location of the activity focused on the MSME Warkop Pojok SR in Pepelegi Village, involving the active participation of local business actors. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge and skills in creating and managing business profiles on Google Maps. This has a positive impact on business visibility and the potential for increasing income. Digitalization through Google Maps not only makes it easier for consumers to find business locations, but also provides information regarding operating hours, customer reviews, and business contacts. Thus, this activity is expected to be a model for empowering MSMEs based on digital technology that can be replicated in other areas. The sustainability of the program can be strengthened through cross-sector collaboration to support the acceleration of MSME digital transformation.

The research analyzes the impact of technology on Indonesia's national economy, focusing on GoTo's contribution as a leading technology company. GoTo, born from the merger of Gojek and Tokopedia, has created an innovative business model that connects consumers and businesses through an efficient digital platform. Secondary data analysis from LPEM FEB UI (2023), Aji (2023), Jerry (2023) SMERU Research Institute (2022), and other relevant sources, shows that GoTo makes a significant contribution to Indonesia's GDP, estimated at Rp349 trillion to Rp428 trillion in 2022, equivalent to 1.8% to 2.2% of total GDP. In addition, GoTo has empowered MSMEs by increasing average incomes by 30% for those in its ecosystem, created approximately 1.7 million jobs, and contributed to reducing income inequality by lowering the Gini coefficient by 4.43% in its operating regions. The research also underscores the importance of GoTo in facilitating increased value addition and business efficiency. Nonetheless, challenges such as the digital divide and the need for increased digital literacy remain a concern. By optimally utilizing the potential of the digital ecosystem and addressing existing challenges, Indonesia can achieve sustainable, inclusive, and equitable economic growth through the strategic role of technology companies like GoTo.

This study explores the integration of AI-driven process optimization in Waste-to-Energy (WtE) systems to enhance urban sustainability. The research focuses on designing a gasification-based WtE system, incorporating AI predictive control to optimize energy conversion processes. The AI system adjusts operational parameters in real-time, improving energy conversion efficiency by 25% and reducing carbon emissions by 40%. Additionally, the system's waste-to-energy conversion rate is projected to increase by 20%, and operational costs are expected to decrease by 30%. Data collection and analysis are carried out using advanced sensors to monitor key parameters such as temperature, gas composition, and energy output, which are then processed by machine learning algorithms for predictive analysis. The results show that the AI optimization significantly enhances system performance, offering a sustainable solution for urban waste management. The study highlights the technical and operational challenges of integrating AI into existing WtE systems, including the need for infrastructure upgrades and scalability considerations. It also discusses the socio-economic impacts, including job creation, reduced energy costs, and improved public health. The findings demonstrate the potential of AI-based WtE systems in reducing waste, generating clean energy, and mitigating climate change, positioning them as a viable solution for sustainable urban development.

The Indonesian palm oil industry plays a strategic role as a major supporter of the national economy through its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), job creation, and rural infrastructure development. This article discusses in depth three main aspects: the economic benefits provided by the palm oil industry; challenges that include environmental issues, land conflicts, climate change, and regulation and productivity; and opportunities such as bioenergy development, diversification of derivative products, and utilization of technology and degraded land. The analysis also covers the role of technological innovation and human resource investment as key to the sustainability of this industry amidst global price fluctuations and international pressures on sustainability. With a data-driven approach and scientific literature review, this article highlights the importance of systemic transformation in the management of the palm oil industry to ensure competitiveness, environmental sustainability, and the welfare of local communities in the future.

Oil palm plantations are a strategic sector in economic development in North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the economic and ecological impacts of oil palm plantation expansion and evaluate the balance between benefits and disadvantages caused. The descriptive qualitative method is used by utilizing secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency, environmental organization reports, and academic studies. The results show that the expansion of oil palm plantations makes a significant contribution to increasing regional income and job creation. However, land expansion without sustainable management leads to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, deterioration of the quality of water resources, and microclimate and local weather changes. To overcome these challenges, sustainable management policies that integrate agroforestry principles and strict supervision are needed to maintain a balance between economic development and environmental conservation.

This research analyses effective industrialisation strategies in districts and cities, by assessing success factors and the role of firms. Regional industrialisation supports economic growth and job creation. Key factors influencing success include the quality of human resources, infrastructure, government policies and technology. Cluster approaches based on local potential and industrial estate development have proven effective. Companies play an important role in creating industrial ecosystems and running CSR programmes. Collaboration between the government, companies and communities is key to successful regional industrialisation. 

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has a strategic role in Indonesia's economic development. However, the realization of foreign investment is not free from challenges related to legal certainty and protection. This study aims to analyze legal protection for foreign investors in Indonesia, both in terms of applicable legal norms and from the aspect of implementation in the field. Through a literature review, information was collected from various sources in the form of journals, articles, and relevant laws and regulations to gain a broad understanding of legal protection for foreign investors at the normative and implementation levels in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian laws and regulations, especially Law No. 25/2007 concerning Investment, various Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), and FTAs ​​provide a comprehensive legal protection framework for foreign investors. In the field, legal uncertainty still arises due to overlapping regulations, frequent policy changes, and different interpretations between institutions. Slow and less transparent licensing bureaucracy, as well as the risk of extortion practices, reduce the attractiveness of investment. Reform efforts such as simplifying licensing through OSS, establishing BKPM as a one-stop shop, and ratifying the Omnibus Law on Job Creation have shown progress in increasing certainty and ease of investment.

Industrialization has been a major driver in Indonesia’s transition from an agrarian to a modern economy. Its contribution to productivity growth, job creation, and economic diversification makes it a strategic component of national development. The integration between industry and other sectors such as agriculture, services, trade, and labor proves essential in strengthening competitiveness and achieving inclusive growth. Findings indicate that despite its potential, industrialization in Indonesia still faces challenges such as import dependency, limited skilled labor, and regional disparities. Therefore, future industrial strategies should focus on enhancing sectoral linkages, promoting equitable development, and improving human capital and infrastructure capacity to support sustainable economic growth.

The preparation of this scientific paper aims to analyze economic, social, environmental, and ecological issues that arise as a result of the interaction between mining activities and the existence of natural resources. This study employs a normative legal research method. Based on the findings, the mining activities of PT. IWIP in North Maluku Province have positive impacts that can support economic development. However, the adverse effects on the environment tend to be more significant. This is evidenced by water, air, and soil pollution caused by PT. IWIP’s mining operations in Central Halmahera Regency. According to the author, this is a very serious issue. The government’s ambition to make Indonesia a leading producer of nickel-based products has endangered the lives of residents in Central Halmahera living near nickel mining areas. These communities are forced to sacrifice their livelihoods, and even their health has been affected. Moreover, there is no accountability from PT. Indonesia Weda Bay Industrial Park regarding the environmental impacts, which are influenced by the new regulations that have been enacted. Article 88 of Law Number 6 of 2023, which ratifies Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation, removes the provision that previously did not require proof of fault. This change makes it more difficult for affected communities to prove the environmental pollution that has occurred.

This study aims to describe the economic dynamics among street vendors (PKL) in Tarutung. Using a case study approach, this research identifies various factors influencing the sustainability and development of street vendor businesses, as well as the socio-economic impacts on the surrounding community. The primary focus of the study is to understand the role of PKL in the local economy, including job creation, income generation, and the challenges faced regarding government policies and business competition. Data was collected through field observation, in-depth interviews with vendors, and an analysis of relevant local policies. The findings reveal that although PKL face challenges related to regulations and market access, they play a crucial role in the economic dynamics of the region and can be key pillars in local economic development.