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Introduction: Stroke sufferers really need good treatment to prevent physical and mental disability because stroke patients can recover completely and quickly handled within the first 6 hours (golden period), but if more than that time does not get maximum treatment then there will be disability and physical weakness such as hemipares. Objective: This literature summary aims to review the relationship between the effectiveness of active range of motion (ROM) on increasing muscle strength in stroke patients.  Research method: In compiling this research literature researchers use the PIO method: Population is a stroke patient, Intervention with active ROM, Outcome muscle strength.Results: Based on 5 journals, it was found that there was an influence after Rangge Of Motion (ROM) therapy in healing stroke that experienced muscle weakness. Conclusion: ROM exercise is effective for increasing muscle strength and preventing muscle weakness, by giving exercise 2x a day morning and evening about 15-30 minutes.

Toilet training is a way to train children aged 1-3 years in controlling defecation and urination activities properly and correctly. According to the 2019 National Household Health Survey (SKRT), it is estimated that the number of toddlers who have difficulty controlling defecation and urination (bedwetting) at the age of up to pre-school reaches 75 million children. This phenomenon is triggered by many things, such as parents' lack of knowledge about how to train defecation and toileting, the use of compresses and many others (Riblat, 2017). The introduction and implementation of toilet training in children is very important. Knowledge is one of the factors that can influence the success of toilet training implementation. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental knowledge about toilet training, with the success in its application in pre-school children in kindergarten. Anugrah Harapan Bangsa Marelan in 2023, using the type of correlation descriptive research. The population and sample in this study were all parents who had pre-school age children as many as 130 people. This study used a total sampling method, instrument in the form of a knowledge questionnaire and the successful implementation of toilet training. The results of this study were tested using the chi-square test, the results obtained p value = 0.000 (<0.05) indicates that parental knowledge has a relationship with the successful implementation of toilet training in children. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the better the parents' knowledge, the better the results of the implementation of toilet training. For this reason, it is recommended that parents maintain and improve their knowledge about toilet training so that they can provide good and correct toilet training implementation results for their children. This can be done for example by attending health education counseling events, especially in the field of toilet training.

Introduction: Mother's Milk is the best life liquid that is needed by babies which contains various substances that are important for the growth and development of babies and in accordance with their needs. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding for babies is like nutrition in general, breast milk contains components of macro and micro nutrients. Macronutrients are carbohydrates, protein and fat, while micronutrients are vitamins and minerals. Each component of breast milk has its own benefits for the baby's growth. The lack of exclusive breastfeeding can be caused by various conditions, demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors greatly determine the continuity of breastfeeding. Objective: To determine the factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: The method used in this study is the narrative review method with literature sourced from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Results: Of the 7 articles, there are 5 articles that discuss internal factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Internal factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding according to the 5 articles reviewed are knowledge, education, occupation, age, attitude and parity. And from 7 articles there are 4 articles that discuss external factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. External factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding according to the 4 reviewed journals are social culture, family support and support from health workers. Conclusion: Based on the 7 articles presented, it indicates that there are so many factors that trigger mothers not to give exclusive breastfeeding, both internal factors that come from the mother herself and external factors that come from outside the mother herself.

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational capital on the firm life cycle. The sample used is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2009-2017 period, with a total of 580 observations of data from 116 companies and using a purposive sampling method. This study uses the independent variable organization capital which is proxied by OC/TA and the dependent variable company life cycle which is proxied by the dummy life cycle classification based on cash flow, retained earnings to total assets, and retained earnings to total equity. In addition, the control variables used are company size, market-to-book ratio, leverage, return on equity, company sales growth, capital expenditure, and asset turnover ratio. The analysis technique used is multinomial logistic regression. The results showed that organizational capital has a significant effect on the firm life cycle, where companies with high organizational capital are in the introduction and decline stages, while companies with low organizational capital are in the growth and maturity stages. Development requires quality human resources (HR). This human resource can act as a factor of labor production that can master technology so as to increase economic productivity. To achieve quality human resources requires the formation of human capital (human capital). The formation of this human capital is a way to obtain a number of people who have strong characters who can be used as important capital in development. This character can be in the form of level of expertise and level of community education. The concept of human capital investment that supports economic growth has existed since the days of Adam Smith (1776), Heinrich Von Thunen (1875) and other classical theorists before the 19th century who emphasized the importance of investment. human skills. Schultz (1961) and Deninson (1962) then showed that the development of the education sector with human resources as its core focus has contributed directly to a country's economic growth, through increasing the skills and productive capabilities of the workforce.  These findings and perspectives have stimulated the interest of a number of experts to research the economic value of education (Nurulpaik, 2005). Human capital is a stock of productive abilities and knowledge found in society. Alfred Marshal once said "the most valuable of all capital is that invested in human beings" (Becker, 1975). In this case human capital is a long-term investment in the development of human resources to increase productivity. The importance of human capital is that the knowledge that exists in human resources is the driving base in increasing productivity. Human capital can be distinguished from human resources management, but can also synergize. Human capital views humans more as intangible assets and human resources management views humans as costs or costs that are detrimental to the company. The concept of human capital emerged, due to a shift in the role of human resources. Human capital arises from the idea that humans are assets that have many advantages, namely human capabilities when used and disseminated will not decrease but increase both for the individual concerned and for the organization, humans are able to transform data into meaningful information. The concept of innovation has been continuously developed by a number of experts and institutions in the last 50 years. This is based on Resource Based Theory (Barney, 1991). In the perspective of Resource Based View (RBV), internal resources and the internal environment are the main keys for determining strategies to achieve high performance (Hitt et al., 2011). Resource Based Theory (RBT) focuses on the concept of attributes of excellence that are difficult to imitate as a source of superior performance and competitive advantage (Barney, 1991). Resources based theory is the company's resources as the main driver behind the company's performance and competitiveness. Based on this resources based theory, an organization can be assessed as a collection of physical resources, human resources, and organizational resources (Barney, 1991). Barney (1991) categorizes three types of resources: Physical capital resources (technology, plant and equipment) Human capital capital (training, experience, and insight), and Organizational resource capital (formal structure)

Introduction hypertension is a condition where blood pressure increases beyond normal limits. normal blood pressure limits vary according to age. Hypertension gymnastics is a sport whose one aim is to increase blood flow and oxygen supply to the active muscles and skeleton, especially to the heart muscle. The purpose of this hypertension exercise is to increase the knowledge of the elderly in the Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 2 social institution regarding hypertension exercise to reduce blood pressure. The method used is by socializing and providing counseling and displaying posters containing the steps in hypertension exercise. The health counseling was held on Thursday, June 8 2023. The population in this counseling were the elderly in the Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 2 Social Institution. After carrying out Health Education on hypertension exercises, the results (100%) were that the elderly in the Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 2 Social Institution understood, understand and be able to give an example of how hypertension exercises to lower blood pressure.

Kandangmas Village through the PKK mobilization team conducts a household waste treatment program one of which is by processing it into eco-enzymes. The stages of this program start from surveys and program planning, introduction of mentoring through workshops and training, monitoring evaluation, review of service results, and final report of service. The results of the household waste treatment program as many as 40% stated that this program is beneficial and 32% stated that it is quite important to be useful. Eco-enzyme products have an aroma favored by partners and are used for various purposes, in particular for anti-septic agents and plant nutrient additives.

Introduction: Head injury is a traumatic disorder of brain function that does not result in a disconnection of brain continuity and can occur with or without interstitial hemorrhage of the brain substance. Purpose:Acute pain is one of the nursing problems experienced by patients with head injuries. To analyze the application of finger hold therapy interventions in reducing pain in patients with mild head injuries. Research methods: is Pre Experimental, which is a design with a One group pre test post test design approach, when this study was carried out from December 21, 2022 to January 23, 2023, with a sample of 6 patients. Research Results: The frequency of patients who experienced moderate pain levels before treatment was 4 patients (66.7.7%), and severe pain levels were 2 patients (33.3%) while the distribution of psien frequency who experienced mild pain levels after treatment was 3 respondents (50.0%), moderate pain levels were 1 patient (16.7%) and berst pain levels were 2 patients (33.3%). This shows that there is no change in pain levels in patients with severe pain scales, because finger hold terap cannot be applied to patients with severe pain levels.Conclusion :This study showed that there is an effect of finger hold therapy in reducing pain in patients with mild head injuries

The development of cultural literacy and citizenship is an important aspect of primary education. This study aims to analyze different approaches to developing cultural literacy and citizenship in four elementary schools located in Pekanbaru. The four schools included in this research are SDN 182, SDN 195, SDN 21, and SDN 180. This research utilizes a qualitative descriptive approach by analyzing data from field observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentary studies. The findings of the study indicate that these four schools have different approaches to developing cultural literacy and citizenship. SDN 182 adopts a habituation approach by teaching students to sing the national anthem before starting Civic Education lessons and involving them in community service activities. SDN 195 implements a developmental approach by requiring students to serve as flag ceremony officials, memorize the UUD 1945 (Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia), and understand Pancasila (the foundational philosophy of Indonesia). SDN 21 employs a developmental approach to literacy through extracurricular programs held on Saturdays, introducing Indonesian cultures to students. SDN 180 encompasses various aspects, including flag ceremonies, cultural introductions, and organizing dance extracurricular activities. This research provides a deeper understanding of the diverse approaches that can be employed to develop cultural literacy and citizenship in elementary schools. The findings serve as a foundation for schools and relevant stakeholders in designing effective and student-centered learning programs. Additionally, this study offers inspiration for the development of cultural literacy and citizenship at higher levels of education.

The development of music from the past until now continues to grow, from traditional musical instruments to modern musical instruments that are currently widely used. However, today's children or adolescents are more interested in modern musical instruments such as guitars, saxophones, violins and other modern musical instruments than traditional musical instruments such as suling, gendang and other traditional musical instruments. So it is necessary to teach from an early age by introducing both traditional and modern musical instruments. By taking advantage of technological developments, especially in multimedia technology, we need a system that can facilitate teaching through computers or commonly called CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction). This was done because the Mekar Arum Kindergarten children were still not interested in musical instruments. So we need an application to introduce musical instruments that can be used in learning while playing to attract children's attention. With this application, it can make it easier for teachers to teach introduction to musical instruments for young children without having to meet children at kindergartens and make it easier for children to recognize musical instruments and be more interested in traditional and musical instruments modern.

Indonesia is a country rich in arts and culture, among others culture in Sumedang City. As a good citizen of Indonesia, you should know the culture in this country, don't let our culture be recognized by other nations. At this time the information system has been very advanced. Information system is a system that can provide information to its users. Web-Based Information System for the introduction of cultural arts in the city of Sumedang built using Codeigniter, this system contains articles/news about the arts and culture of the city of Sumedang which were made using Codeigniter, and MySql for database storage. This system will be able to help users to know more about cultural arts in the city of Sumedang, including the art of reak and the renggong horse. The final result obtained is the Application of CodeIgniter in the Sumedang City Cultural Arts Recognition Application, which in general can function properly. Users can get information about the cultural arts of the city of Sumedang, and users can also participate in sharing data that the admin wants to validate.

Microsoft office is software that should be mastered by students at the junior and senior high school levels. However, students in this area still do not understand and master the use of the software. Departing from the problems experienced by the younger generation, Microsoft Office introduction and training activities were held to create flowcharts to improve basic computer skills for teenagers. The training was carried out directly at the Computer Laboratory of SMAN 1 Praya Tengah. There were 100 participants in the training and they came from class X. From this material, students were able to get to know the methods for making flowcharts using Microsoft Word. Based on the results after the training during the PKM activities took place, it showed that it was almost 100%. This is evidenced by the very good response and giving a positive assessment of the training provided which reached 66.7%, the implementation of the training reached 75%, and the material stimulus in the training reached 66.7%.  

Maluku is part of the Indonesian territory which is traversed by the meeting point of 3 active tectonic plates, namely the Indo-Australian plate (southern part), the Eurasian plate (Western and North parts) and the Pacific plate (Eastern part). This causes the tectonic activity in Maluku and the islands therein to be quite high, and it is very prone to earthquakes and even tsunamis. Earthquake events cannot be predicted both when and how large the intensity of the earthquake will occur, so it is necessary to carry out early debriefing regarding earthquake disaster mitigation. This activity was carried out at SMP Negeri 8 Ambon Negeri Hutumuri, South Leitimur District, Ambon City, which is one of the coastal schools in Maluku. The material presented included an introduction to Indonesia's tectonic order, definitions of disaster mitigation, actions to be taken before, during and after an earthquake. Based on the results of the socialization, it appears that the students were very enthusiastic and had quite good knowledge regarding how mitigation and evacuation should be carried out.

Utilization in managing plastic bottle waste using an automated Reverse Vending Machine (RVM) machine is a new introduction to society, especially in the city of Yogyakarta. This study aims to reduce plastic bottle plastic waste in the Yogyakarta city environment by operating a Reverse Vending Machine automation machine by describing the linkages with the circular economy at the community level around the city of Yogyakarta. One of the economic models offered by the world is the circular economy model, in which goods that have been consumed can be reprocessed. Meanwhile, plastic waste still has economic value which can be utilized by recycling but is constrained by the lack of public awareness. The purpose of this design is to design a recycling facility with new innovations and the right use to minimize the problem of inorganic waste in an effective way, namely in the form of a Reverse Vending Machine specifically for plastic bottle waste. The conclusion of this design is intended to utilize plastic bottle waste in the city of Yogyakarta which still has economic value by means of the recycling process using a circular economic model based on the canvas business model.  

This article was written with the aim of understanding the relationship between congregational worship and preaching properly. From this we can draw a question about what if there is no sermon in a service? can it still be said to be a worship that is in accordance with what God has commanded? So we can see that the sermon is the essence of worship. Likewise the presence of the congregation is also very important. because the benefit of the sermon is to educate, advise, admonish and teach His congregation to live according to God's Word. Preaching is one way to convey God's message. in the Christian tradition, this message is based on what is written in the Bible. Sermons can also help congregations to understand God's will in their lives. So the sermon has an important role in the growth of the congregation's faith. where what is conveyed is not only a blessing but a rebuke of sin, an introduction to Jesus Christ and the salvation that comes from Jesus Christ. So worship, congregation and preaching have a close relationship.

Tourism and the creative economy are sectors that are promising and have a great opportunity to support the economy, so they need to be a top priority. However, the reality is that the development of creative economy-based tourism potential has faced many problems, such as inadequate human resources and even insufficient promotion, so that many domestic and foreign tourists are not aware of the existence of unique and attractive destinations in East Java. Preliminary case studies have been carried out involving 25 communities to analyze the problems that occur in tourism and the creative economy in East Java Province. Based on the results of the study, the development of e-tourism-based promotions is crucial amidst the rise of technological developments. The Vacancy website is an e-tourism-based promotion that can accommodate the needs of tourism and the creative economy in East Java. In addition, promotion is also a major factor in supporting the introduction of creative economy-based tourism. This Vacancy website is able to provide accurate information related to tourism and the creative economy and facilitate accessibility to destinations with the support of various existing features such as recommendations, accommodation, regional culture, and other complete features.  

Nowadays, technology is becoming more advanced and modern. This training includes an introduction to the basic concepts of VR, the hardware and software used, and effective VR content creation techniques. The training method is an offline class. During the training, participants will be taught effective VR content creation techniques, such as 3D modeling, animation, lighting, and sound adjustment. Participants will also be taught about the layout of VR content and the use of effective user interaction. After completing the training, participants are expected to be able to create quality and effective VR content, as well as understand how to customize VR content to the goals and target users. With the increasing interest and demand for VR content, VR creation training is becoming increasingly important to help improve the skills and abilities of individuals in the VR industry.

The development and progress of tourist attractions, in this case a tourist village, are largely determined by the readiness of their human resources, especially tour guides, especially from a technical point of view. Guides, from a technical and communication point of view, are increasingly able to captivate visitors, making them feel at home more and more. In addition, tourism product marketing that has not been maximized, especially the promotion of tourism products through digital media, has slightly hampered the introduction of tourism village products where the role of digital marketing is so important, especially those based on the web and social media. Recognizing such a mindset, the solution offered is to hold education and training (training) along with mentoring for tourism HR in the Tunjungan Tourism Village. Provision and capacity building according to the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) absolutely must be provided, covering knowledge, skills, and attitude. As well as being given knowledge about the basics of excellent service and tour guides. Tunjungan Tourism Village Community Empowerment Through Technical Guidance Capacity building and Capability of Tourism human resources, which has been implemented, has resulted in the participation of participants (the target audience) who expressed satisfaction and enthusiasm. Participants (the target audience) also hope that in the following year there will be ongoing activities to increase knowledge, skills, and attitudes for tourism HR in the Tunjungan Tourism Village.

Introduction: Diplopia is a visual disorder in which a person sees two images of one object. This case is a neurological case caused by lesions on nerve III (Oculomotor nerve), nerve IV (Trochlear nerve), and nerve VI (Abducens nerve). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving electrical stimulation, saccades exercise and pursuits exercise in cases of left monocular diplopia. The method used in this study was a case study conducted on a 44-year-old female patient with left monocular diplopia. The interventions provided such as electrical stimulation, saccades exercise and pursuits exercise were carried out 2x a week and this study was conducted for 3 weeks. After 6x interventions, the results showed a decrease in the degree of pain and an increase in functional eye movement. In future research, it is hoped that there will be research with a long enough period of time so that it can determine the effectiveness of saccades exercise and pursuits exercise in increasing visual ability.

Batik is an Indonesian cultural heritage that has more than a hundred different motifs, even in every region throughout Indonesia has its own distinctive motifs. There are several batik motifs that are very popular among Indonesian people including mega mendung batik, parang batik, sogan batik, and keraton batik. Techniques in making batik itself vary every region and every motif. Batik making in Indonesia is popular with writing, stamping, printing, tie, and splashing techniques. The tie and splash technique is a technique that is easy to learn compared to other techniques, because it does not require special techniques in its manufacture. In East Java, precisely in Tlumpu Village, Sukorejo District, Blitar City, there are batik craftsmen who develop batik with splash and tie techniques. Website is one of the promotional media that can be used as an introduction, promotion, or sales medium of a product. The creation of a website for Batik Apik MSMEs in Blitar City aims to help analyze the potential of batik in Blitar City and become a promotional medium for MSMEs. The hope is that creating a website can help MSMEs in promoting their products and becoming a product sales platform.

Introduction: Work stress in nurses is one of the problems in human resource management in hospitals. Nurses in hospitals are one of the potential resources that have a dangerous risk of burnout in workers. One of the triggering factors for work burnout in workers is work stress experienced by hospital workers. Research objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between work stress and job burnout in hospital nurses in various regions in Indonesia. Research Method: The research method used is the literature review study method by reviewing previous research that is relevant to the topic discussed as a study accessed on the Google Scholar database. Research Results: The results of the research conducted were that there was a significant relationship between work stress and job burnout in hospital nurses in various regions of Indonesia. The conclusion of this study is that work fatigue is influenced by work stress.