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Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia rich in nickel reserves, so this has become an attraction for foreign investors to compete to invest amid a drastic increase in market demand for lithium batteries for electric vehicles. Tesla, Inc. became one of the investors who showed interest in the potential for establishing a lithium-ion battery factory for electric vehicles. Indonesia is aware of Tesla's enthusiasm in trying to conduct intense negotiations and lobbying because these MNCs have several advantages in terms of advanced features and acceleration, as well as adhering to green principles. The author's aim in raising this issue is to reflect on Indonesia's long process of building government-to-business negotiations and lobbying with Tesla, where Indonesia sees this opportunity as a step to pursue national interests. The method used in this research is based on a literature study through secondary data collection. The findings from this research are that both Indonesia and Tesla use a rational approach and integrative strategy in negotiating investment cooperation. However, Indonesia's optimistic attitude is reflected in experiencing various challenges, including competition from competitors from other countries and unsustainable nickel mining problems.

This article examines the strategic role of sustainable economic diplomacy in achieving the vision of Golden Indonesia 2045. Sustainable economic diplomacy is defined as diplomatic efforts aimed at promoting environmentally friendly and inclusive economic growth through strong international relations, trade agreements, economic cooperation, and foreign direct investment (FDI). The analysis shows that through economic diplomacy, Indonesia can gain access to international markets, attract FDI, foster innovation and technology transfer, and strengthen regional and multilateral cooperation. These strategies support inclusive and environmentally sustainable economic growth, helping Indonesia to overcome global challenges and achieve long-term development goals. Recommendations include strengthening the capacity of economic diplomacy, effective inter-agency coordination, and inclusive policies.    

Economic development is a multidimensional change process that covers various aspects and affects the quality of life and human welfare. Economic development can be approached regionally through mapping regions and growth centers (growth pools) with the aim of achieving efficient production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Sectorally, the tourism sector is a sector that absorbs labor, captures community economic efforts, attracts tourists and brings in foreign exchange. Therefore, encouraging tourism development can create wider employment opportunities and accelerate economic growth and employment. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the number of tourists and investment in hotels and restaurants in the tourism industry sector of the city of Surabaya. The research used quantitative descriptive with secondary data for 2014-2023 obtained from the Department of Culture, Youth and Sports and Tourism of the City of Surabaya and data from BPS. The data collected is by tabulation, analysis and also document study. The results of research using the growth rate test and also the elasticity test show that the growth in the number of tourists (X1) has no effect on labor absorption (Y). investment growth (X2) influences labor absorption (Y). 

The focus of this research is how exports, exchange rates, and inflation affect Indonesia's economic growth. For 30 secondary data, the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model is used. The results showed that there was an insignificant positive relationship between exports and economic growth, and that increased export activity could have an insignificant positive effect on economic growth. In addition, the depreciation of the rupiah exchange rate increases the competitiveness of domestic products in the international market, so that the rupiah exchange rate against foreign currencies also has a significant impact on economic growth. However, the results of the study show that inflation also has a negative impact on economic growth. The economy can be disrupted by declining people's purchasing power, stunted investment, and high inflation.

This journal discusses the impact of TikTok's $1.5 billion USD acquisition of Tokopedia shares. Following the closure of TikTok Shop in Indonesia due to licensing issues, ByteDance (TikTok's parent company) re-entered the Indonesian e-commerce market through an investment in Tokopedia. This acquisition has sparked speculation about the collaboration and its impact on Indonesia's digital industry. Tokopedia will manage TikTok Shop in Indonesia, while TikTok will continue to operate as a social media platform. Concerns have arisen about potential monopoly and China's geopolitical influence, given ByteDance's close ties with the Chinese government. Issues of data ownership and security have also been highlighted as serious threats. This article emphasizes the importance of vigilance against foreign influence and its impact on Indonesia's economic sovereignty, drawing parallels to historical experiences such as the Trojan Horse, which illustrates the dangers of complacency.

Industrialization has helped the economic growth and progress of many countries, but it is still understood about its effects on government, power structures, and social relations. The study investigates the impact of industrialization on these three components, with particular emphasis on Indonesia. Government has changed significantly as a result of industrialization, which has played an important role in driving industrial growth. To attract foreign investment, improve infrastructure, and improve the business environment, governments have implemented several policies, but there are concerns about their ability to oversee industry and protect the interests of local communities. In addition, the power structure has undergone significant shifts, with the emergence of new social classes and the consolidation of power among certain classes. The industrial sector has also created new opportunities for social mobility, but has also exacerbated economic and social disparities. To solve this problem, this study suggests that the distribution of wealth and power must be fairer. Industrialization, along with increased urbanization and urban growth, has had a significant impact on social relations. The study investigates how industrialization has affected social relationships, including its impact on family structures, community networks, and social identities. So, Indonesian government, power structure, and social relations are heavily influenced by industrialization. Although it has produced significant economic gains, it has also created new problems and differences. This research suggests that a deeper understanding of the impact of industrialization is vital, as are the policies needed to address the social and economic impacts of industrialisation.

Indonesia and China are two countries with rapidly developing economies in Southeast Asia. These two countries have great potential to attract foreign investment. However, there are differences in investment and foreign investment regulations in the two countries. This research aims to compare investment and foreign investment laws in Indonesia and China. This research uses normative legal research methods with a comparative approach. Research data was obtained from literature studies, namely laws, government regulations and other related literature. The research results show that there are similarities and differences in foreign investment and investment regulations in Indonesia and China. Similarities include, recognition of the rights of foreign investors; providing incentives for foreign investors; and resolving investment disputes. The differences include the subject of investment, business fields open to foreign investment, investment requirements. From this research, researchers can draw the title, namely Comparison of investment law and foreign investment in Indonesia and China

This study aims to analyze the impact of globalization on corporate financial risk, focusing on exchange rate risk, interest rate risk, and country risk. The research employs a quantitative method, utilizing data from the annual financial reports of multinational companies listed on stock exchanges from 2010 to 2020. Data analysis is conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including multiple regression to evaluate the relationship between independent variables (globalization factors such as exports, imports, and foreign direct investment) and dependent variables (levels of financial risk faced by companies). The findings indicate that globalization significantly influences these three types of financial risk. Companies involved in international trade tend to face greater exchange rate fluctuations, dynamic interest rate changes, and higher country risk compared to companies operating in domestic markets. To manage these risks, companies need to develop comprehensive risk management strategies, including the use of derivative instruments, thorough political and economic risk analysis, and investment in advanced technologies. Continuous training and fostering a strong risk culture within the organization are also critical factors in effective risk management. This study provides in-depth insights into how globalization affects corporate financial risk and offers strategic recommendations to enhance financial resilience in a global context.

Economic diversification is crucial for Iraq to overcome the limitations imposed by its heavy reliance on oil. This study explores Iraq's economic history, current structure, and the urgent challenges it faces, emphasizing the need for structural transformation. It examines the vulnerabilities caused by fluctuating global oil prices, geopolitical instability, and internal demographic pressures for the period of 2004 to 2022. By analyzing government policies, sectoral developments, and international collaborations, this research highlights the efforts and obstacles in achieving economic diversification. The findings indicate that while Iraq has made strides toward diversifying its economy, it still faces significant challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies, political instability, and security concerns. International collaborations and foreign direct investment (FDI) emerge as crucial components, providing the financial support and technological expertise needed for economic transformation. Lastly, economic diversification is more than just an economic strategy for Iraq; it is a comprehensive approach to achieving long-term stability and growth. A diversified economy can help Iraq build resilience against external shocks, promote inclusive growth, and secure a sustainable and prosperous future. The imperative for economic diversification is clear: to create a stable, balanced, and resilient economy that can withstand global market fluctuations and geopolitical dynamics, ultimately improving the well-being of its population

The rapid development of the tourism sector and the business sector in North Sumatra, one of which is Samosir, is a factor in the increasing demand and needs of local and foreign tourists. This research aims to analyse the business feasibility of Silimalombu Village Ecovillage. This research uses SWOT analysis to analyze the development strategy. Technical data analysis used in this research is by means of interviews, observation and documentation. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis. To analyse the financial aspects, the Net Present Value, IRR and Gross B/C Ratio methods were used. While to assess other aspects, factors that are considered important in the assessment are used. The result of this research is that Silimalombu Village Ecovillage is feasible to run and develop. After being analysed using investment criteria, the results found are Gross B / C Ratio 1.69> 1, Net Benefit Cost Ratio 2.63> 1 Probitability Ratio> 1, Net Present Value, 1,682.7> IRR 34%, meaning that the Go project is feasible.

In an effort to reduce economic dependence on the oil and gas sector, the country needs to diversify through various policies such as infrastructure investment, fiscal policies that support non-oil and gas sectors, education and training for skilled labor, research and innovation, export promotion, international partnerships, wise management of natural resources, support for SMEs, public-private partnerships, and continuous evaluation. Economic diversification is considered essential to achieve sustainable economic growth and to be resilient to fluctuations in world oil prices. Oil and gas trade, non-oil and gas exports, and foreign investment play a crucial role in Indonesia's economy. Economic diversification and the development of alternative energy sources are key to mitigating the economic risks associated with oil price fluctuations. Although challenges and constraints exist, the long-term benefits of economic diversification are vital for economic stability and sustainable growth. Oil and gas trade has a significant impact on Indonesia's economy, contributing significantly to state revenues but is also vulnerable to fluctuations in oil and gas prices in the global market. Therefore, economic diversification is an important strategy to reduce the economic risks associated with dependence on the oil and gas sector. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics of oil and gas trade and its impact on the Indonesian economy.

This research analyzes the impact of the multinational company Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.  Against national income in Indonesia.  Using secondary research methods, data from various sources, including the Central Statistics Agency, Samsung’s financial reports, market studies,and previous academic research, was analyzed to understand Samsung’s contribution to the Indonesian economy.  The analysis results show that Samsung’s presence has made a significant contribution to Indonesia’s economic growth through foreign direct investment, jobcreation, increased exports and tax contributions.  Apart from that, positive impacts are also felt through the development of supporting industries, increasing human resource capacity, and support for the MSME sector.  However, it is also necessary to pay attention to negative impacts such as unhealthy competition and the potential for market domination.  Therefore, appropriate regulatory and supervisory measures are  needed to maximize the positive impact and minimize the negative impact of Samsung’s presence.  Overall, Samsung’s role in driving the  Indonesian economy to wards more advanced and sustainable grow this very significant.  Collaboration between companies, government and society needs to be improved to ensure the benefits are felt fairly and sustainably.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a key driver of economic growth in many developing regions, but its effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa has been mixed. This paper examines the dynamics of FDI in the region, exploring both the challenges and opportunities it presents for economic development. The research identifies factors such as political instability, infrastructure deficits, and regulatory barriers that hinder FDI inflows, as well as the potential benefits such as technology transfer, employment, and market expansion. It concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving the FDI climate in Sub-Saharan Africa.

This research uses literature study analysis to evaluate the influence of oil and gas exports, non-oil and gas exports and foreign investment on Indonesia's economic growth. The results show that dependence on the oil and gas sector has a negative impact on economic growth, while growth in non-oil and gas exports and foreign investment has a positive impact. Economic diversification through increasing non-oil and gas exports and appropriate foreign investment can reduce dependence on the oil and gas sector and increase Indonesia's economic resilience. However, keep in mind that the interaction between these variables is not always linear and can affect overall economic growth.

This research uses literature study analysis to evaluate the influence of oil and gas exports, non-oil and gas exports and foreign investment on Indonesia's economic growth. The results show that dependence on the oil and gas sector has a negative impact on economic growth, while growth in non-oil and gas exports and foreign investment has a positive impact. Economic diversification through increasing non-oil and gas exports and appropriate foreign investment can reduce dependence on the oil and gas sector and increase Indonesia's economic resilience. However, keep in mind that the interaction between these variables is not always linear and can affect overall economic growth.

International Trade is an economic transaction carried out between countries. Among the items commonly stored are consumer goods, such as televisions and clothing; capital goods, such as machinery, raw materials and food. In almost all countries, international trade is an effort to increase GDP. Economic growth is an increase in the ability of a country's economy to produce both goods and services in quantity. In general, the high or low population of a country, the birth rate and death rate greatly influence a country's economy because productivity, education, and investment in physical capital since improving longevity create greater needs. The type of research used is qualitative research, qualitative research is research that produces several findings that cannot be obtained using statistical procedures or quantitative methods. With the existence of International Business in Indonesia, Economic Growth will increase. The reason is that the supply and increase for foreign products from the Indonesian people will continue to increase. For this reason, companies or industries in Indonesia will often experience increases and growth, such as the development of the textile, shrimp, coffee and so on industries. With the existence of international business, the prosperity and welfare of society in Indonesia is developing well due to the opening of various kinds of employment opportunities, so that there can be a reduction in the level of poverty in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the effect of independent variables (Foreign Exchange Reserves, Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation Rate, and Interest Rate) on the dependent variable (Import Value) in Indonesia for the last five years. This study uses quantitative analysis with descriptive methods used to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of Foreign Exchange Reserves (X1), Foreign Direct Investment (X2), Inflation Rate (X3), Interest Rate (X4), and Import Value (Y). Panel data regression analysis was used with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the variables of Foreign Exchange Reserves, Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation Rate, and Interest Rate had no significant effect on Import Value in Indonesia. Foreign Exchange Reserves, Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation Rate, and Interest Rate simultaneously have a significant effect on Import Value in Indonesia.

 This article discusses the dynamics of the development of mining management policies in Indonesia. Where mining activities in Indonesia itself have been going on for a long time. The study of this article shows mining regulatory policies in Indonesia to date, which have experienced many ups and downs in several regions of Indonesia. Starting from the licensing system, utilization of natural resources, policies towards mine workers and several other things, both national and international companies. The various dynamics of these developments show that mineral and coal mining is always seen as a strategic commodity economic center so it is worth fighting over, especially Indonesia which has a lot of natural resources whether it was once by domestic or foreign entrepreneurs and even recently by the central and regional governments, and the law was then held to support these goals.

This research aims to determine foreign currency transactions that occur at PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa Tbk in its financial reports is because countries have different currency values. Foreign currency transactions at this company involve the sale and purchase of currency to support business needs and control company risks. The data collection technique used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the discussion stated that, PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa Tbk noted that foreign currency transactions occur due to import-export, foreign funding and foreign investment. Foreign currency transactions are important in company risk management as a source of good financial strategy.

Multinational corporations are involved in a country's economic sector because they are important in absorbing labor and increasing a country's per capita income. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of detailed knowledge about multinational companies that may have some impact on Indonesia's economy. The research method used is a qualitative research method using the technique of collecting library research data using multiple references and information from relevant institutions of the Indonesian economy. The findings show that the role of multinational corporations has both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, the role of Multinationals could provide Indonesia with adequate opportunities to develop the country's economic sector through Indonesia's foreign exchange contributions. Apart from that, Indonesia is attracting attention from other countries as other countries believe that Indonesia can increase foreign investment due to Indonesia's rich resource potential and emphasis on labor wages in developing countries like Indonesia increasingly recognized. On the negative side, the Indonesian government does not emphasize multinational companies in terms of domestic trade and industry regulations, providing opportunities for domestic companies to compete domestically.