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This study explores the integration of customary law and government regulations in environmental protection, emphasizing the role of community perceptions in shaping effective legal frameworks. Marginal ecosystems, such as coastal areas, urban fringes, and sacred natural sites, often face vulnerability due to fragmented governance systems that fail to coordinate customary practices with formal legal structures. The research investigates how integrating local traditions and state regulations can enhance biodiversity conservation, improve community engagement, and ensure the long term sustainability of environmental management efforts. Findings reveal that when customary laws are formally recognized and incorporated into state regulations, they significantly enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of conservation policies. Communities in regions like Bali, Indonesia, and Pacific Islands have shown that hybrid legal approaches, which respect traditional ecological knowledge, result in greater participation and trust in conservation activities. However, challenges such as administrative complexity, lack of standardized guidelines, and the need for adequate funding and support for community based governance hinder the full potential of this integration. The study highlights the importance of simplifying legal processes and fostering mutual understanding between customary practices and formal regulations to achieve successful ecosystem protection. This research emphasizes the need for policy reforms that ensure the inclusion of customary law in environmental governance frameworks, ultimately promoting a more inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable approach to managing marginal ecosystems.

The rapid advancement of digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fundamentally reshaped the management and development of the tourism industry. Digital transformation strategies offer substantial opportunities to enhance destination competitiveness while simultaneously supporting economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to systematically examine the role of digital transformation and AI in strengthening sustainable tourism competitiveness through a literature review approach. A total of 42 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2019 and 2025 were analyzed, drawing from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The analysis employed thematic synthesis to identify dominant patterns, conceptual relationships, and emerging themes across the literature. The findings indicate that AI-driven digital transformation enhances operational efficiency, enables personalized tourist experiences, supports data-informed resource management, and facilitates the development of smart tourism destinations. Nevertheless, persistent challenges related to human resource readiness, digital inequality, data governance, and ethical considerations remain evident. This review provides an integrated conceptual perspective on digital transformation and AI in sustainable tourism competitiveness and offers insights for policymakers, practitioners, and future research.

L House is a house design that is shaped like the letter "L". This distinctive configuration offers flexibility in spatial arrangement and creates an interesting interaction between interior and exterior areas. L House by 022Studio is a work that combines modern aesthetics with traditional values and sustainability. Through a descriptive criticism method involving interviews with architects, literature studies, and analysis of design elements, this study aims to reveal the strengths and challenges in the application of modern design in a tropical context. L House successfully integrates space with nature through the use of local materials, flexible spatial layouts, and building orientations that optimize natural lighting and ventilation. In addition, this design also makes a significant contribution to the development of modern architecture in Indonesia by demonstrating that modern buildings can be adapted to local cultural and environmental contexts. L House is a good example of sustainable architecture that can inspire similar projects in the future.

Intensive exploitation of fish for caviar production currently threatens the extinction of sturgeon, one of the ancient fish species. Sturgeon egg harvesting is often carried out in inhumane ways, such as dissecting and killing parent fish, causing the natural sturgeon population to decline. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulates the international trade of sturgeon and caviar, but weak law enforcement, high market demand, and widespread illegal trade all exacerbate the conservation status of this species. Conversely, caviar aquaculture, often considered an alternative, raises new bioethical issues, including long-term stress on fish, disease spread, decline in animal health, and the risk of hybridization that could threaten the genetic integrity of sturgeon populations. From a bioethical and environmental ethics perspective, it is difficult to justify the consumption of caviar as a luxury commodity at the expense of ecosystem sustainability and animal welfare. Therefore, sturgeon conservation requires a comprehensive approach that includes reducing consumer demand, improving legislation and enforcement, and preserving and restoring sturgeon's natural habitats.

Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are marine organisms of high ecological and economic value, yet their populations in many tropical regions have declined due to exploitation pressures. This study aimed to analyze the density and distribution patterns of sea cucumbers in the coastal waters of Tuhaha, Saparua Island, Central Maluku Regency. A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted using 1 × 1 m quadrat transects along eight transect lines perpendicular to the shoreline. Density was calculated based on the number of individuals per unit area, while distribution patterns were determined using Morisita’s index. Four species of sea cucumbers were identified, namely Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra, Bohadschia vitiensis, and Bohadschia marmorata, with a total of 33 individuals and an overall density of 0.19 ind/m². Species H. scabra exhibited the highest density (0.11 ind/m²), whereas H. atra and B. vitiensis had the lowest (0.01 ind/m²). The population distribution was aggregated (Id = 6.11), indicating a strong association with specific microhabitats, particularly muddy-sand substrates. Environmental parameters (temperature 30°C, salinity 30 ‰, pH 6.90) remained within the optimal tolerance range for sea cucumbers. These findings indicate that Tuhaha waters continue to support Holothuroidea populations; however, the aggregated distribution pattern reflects vulnerability to overexploitation. Therefore, ecosystem-based management through habitat conservation, catch restrictions, and the integration of aquaculture and restocking is essential to ensure the sustainability of sea cucumber resources in Central Maluku.

This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the implementation of green finance and its relationship with the financial performance and profitability of banking institutions in Indonesia. Although sustainable finance policies have been continuously strengthened by regulators and stakeholders, the contribution of green financing to overall banking performance is still developing gradually, making it important to conduct a more focused and systematic analysis of its effectiveness. This research specifically aims to describe the application of green financing practices, assess financial performance conditions, and analyze bank profitability during the 2020–2024 period. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data on green financing distribution, financial performance indicators such as the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), as well as profitability measured through Return on Assets (ROA). The findings indicate that the implementation of green finance has the potential to enhance long-term financial stability and improve profitability in the banking sector. This study implies that expanding green financing can serve as a relevant and sustainable business strategy for the banking industry while simultaneously supporting national sustainability and environmental development objectives.

This study examines the determinants of green innovation and its impact on sustainable business performance among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the Bandung Raya region of Indonesia. Specifically, the study analyzes the influence of environmental knowledge and market pressure on green innovation, as well as the effect of green innovation on sustainable performance. A quantitative approach was employed using data from 150 MSMEs, and structural relationships were tested through multiple regression analysis. All measurement instruments demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.89–0.95) and validity (corrected item–total correlation > 0.80). The results reveal that environmental knowledge has the strongest positive and significant effect on green innovation (β = 0.728; p < 0.001), indicating that MSMEs with greater environmental awareness are more likely to adopt eco-friendly innovations. Market pressure also significantly influences green innovation (β = 0.257; p < 0.001), demonstrating the role of consumer expectations, competition, and green product trends in shaping sustainable business practices. Furthermore, green innovation has a very strong and significant impact on sustainable business performance (β = 0.847; p < 0.001), suggesting that eco-friendly practices enhance cost efficiency, customer satisfaction, firm reputation, and environmental outcomes. Overall, the study highlights the importance of combining internal awareness with external pressures to foster green innovation and strengthen sustainability among MSMEs. The findings provide theoretical contributions to green innovation and sustainability frameworks, while offering practical implications for MSMEs, policymakers, and business support institutions.

This research explores the development of a participatory governance model for community based waste management systems, aiming to enhance both legal compliance and public social welfare outcomes. Community based waste management (CBWM) plays a critical role in addressing environmental and health challenges, yet its success is often hindered by weak governance structures, limited community involvement, and insufficient regulatory frameworks. The study introduces a governance model that integrates local community participation into decision making processes, encouraging ownership and responsibility among residents. The primary goal is to improve compliance with environmental regulations while promoting social welfare by fostering better public health and community cohesion. A review of literature highlights key theories of participatory governance, focusing on its ability to enhance legal adherence and increase social equity. Previous studies on CBWM demonstrate the potential of community involvement in overcoming barriers to legal compliance, such as weak enforcement and fragmented governance. However, challenges like inadequate infrastructure, socio economic factors, and cultural habits still impede full participation and compliance. The study utilizes a mixed methods approach, including stakeholder analysis, participatory workshops, and regulatory compliance assessments, to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. The results show that communities involved in participatory governance exhibit higher compliance with waste management laws, improved sanitation, and healthier living conditions. Furthermore, the model fosters social capital and community empowerment, contributing to long term sustainability. In comparison to centralized waste management systems, the participatory approach is found to be more adaptable, accountable, and socially accepted. While the model presents several benefits, challenges such as infrastructure limitations and cultural barriers remain. Future research should further investigate how to address these challenges, particularly through technological integration and cross sector collaborations, to ensure the scalability and sustainability of the participatory governance model.

East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) possesses substantial natural resource potential across the agricultural, fisheries, renewable energy, and tourism sectors. However, their utilization remains largely unsustainable and continues to face challenges such as excessive resource exploitation, environmental degradation, limited infrastructure, and low human resource quality. This study aims to analyze the prospects and challenges of sustainable economic development in ENT by highlighting natural resource management and opportunities for developing new economic sectors based on innovation and local wisdom. The findings indicate that ENT has strategic opportunities in renewable energy development, sustainable tourism, and agricultural diversification, although these are constrained by weak governance, socio-economic inequality, and vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, the economic transformation of ENT requires strengthened regulations, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and sustainability-oriented investment. The findings underscore the necessity of fostering a sustainable economic transformation in ENT that aligns with global environmental goals while respecting local traditions and resources. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, businesses, and community stakeholders aiming to promote sustainable growth in the region.

Belawa Village, located in Lemahabang District, Cirebon Regency, West Java, is famous for the Labi-labi Belawa tourist attraction. This study aims to develop a sustainable tourism village at the Cikuya Tourist Attraction in Belawa Village. This model is expected to be an integrated solution to support the implementation of sustainable tourism. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with quantitative data analysis. The results of the study show that the implementation of sustainable tourism in Cikuya is evident through environmental preservation and the conservation of the Belawa turtle habitat. Although the management is not yet optimal, there are practices of utilizing organic waste, such as chicken manure for animal feed and coconut shells for souvenirs, supporting the circular economy concept. Community participation in cultural activities also supports the social and cultural aspects of sustainable tourism, although it is still incidental and has not yet been programmed sustainably. However, the implementation of sustainable tourism in Cikuya is not yet fully optimal, despite having strong natural and conservation potential. Structural and operational barriers, such as accessibility, human resources, institutional governance, economy, socio-culture, and policy support, affect the effectiveness of applying sustainability principles.

This study aims to examine the effect of green innovation on company value, with financial performance as a mediating variable, in the mining industry. This study uses a systematic literature review approach by examining various relevant previous studies. The results of the study indicate that green innovation plays a significant role in improving environmental performance and operational efficiency of companies, which in turn positively impacts financial performance. Good financial performance is a key factor in strengthening company value and stakeholder trust. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies. This study also found that companies that successfully implement green innovation tend to have a better image in the eyes of investors and the public, which contributes to increasing the company's market value. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies, strengthening their position in an industry that increasingly prioritizes sustainability and social responsibility.

This study aims to understand how green accounting practices are constructed as a social reality within organizations and how environmental awareness develops through social interaction, organizational values, and culture. The research adopts an interpretive qualitative approach within the social construction paradigm (Berger & Luckmann, 1966). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis in organizations that have implemented sustainability reporting. The analysis employed an interpretive thematic approach to uncover the meanings underlying environmental accounting practices. The findings indicate that green accounting functions not only as a technical reporting instrument but also as a mechanism for shaping organizational moral and ecological awareness. Environmental awareness is constructed through three main stages: the externalization of sustainability values by leadership, objectivation through policies and reporting systems, and internalization within work behavior and organizational culture. Participatory, reflective, and innovation-oriented organizational cultures strengthen the substantive implementation of green accounting, whereas bureaucratic structures tend to produce symbolic practices or greenwashing. Theoretically, this study reinforces the view that accounting is a social practice that both shapes and is shaped by collective consciousness (Hopwood, 1992; Gray, 2010). Practically, the findings highlight the importance of visionary leadership and social learning spaces in fostering a sustainability-oriented organizational culture. Thus, green accounting is understood as a social process that plays a strategic role in realizing ethical, sustainable, and environmentally responsible organizations.

The development of the digital era has triggered a significant transformation in consumer shopping patterns, which have now shifted from conventional retail to Quick Commerce (Q-Commerce). This article analyzes the phenomenon of changing consumer behavior driven by preferences for speed, practicality, and time efficiency, with the COVID-19 pandemic as the main catalyst. The study highlights that the success of Q-Commerce is highly dependent on Logistics Service Quality (LSQ), particularly in terms of timeliness, courier interaction quality, and order condition. Despite offering convenience that disrupts physical retail, this business model faces serious sustainability challenges, including high last-mile operational costs, difficulty achieving profitability leading to the closure of several market players, and intense competition from hybrid retail models. In addition, traffic safety issues and increased carbon emissions are highlighted as social and environmental impacts. This study concludes that while Q-Commerce holds great potential, its sustainability requires strategic innovations that balance service speed with cost efficiency and ecological responsibility.vThe development of the digital era has triggered a significant transformation in consumer shopping patterns, which have now shifted from conventional retail to Quick Commerce (Q-Commerce). This article analyzes the phenomenon of changing consumer behavior driven by preferences for speed, practicality, and time efficiency, with the COVID-19 pandemic as the main catalyst. The study highlights that the success of Q-Commerce is highly dependent on Logistics Service Quality (LSQ), particularly in terms of timeliness, courier interaction quality, and order condition. Despite offering convenience that disrupts physical retail, this business model faces serious sustainability challenges, including high last-mile operational costs, difficulty achieving profitability leading to the closure of several market players, and intense competition from hybrid retail models. In addition, traffic safety issues and increased carbon emissions are highlighted as social and environmental impacts. This study concludes that while Q-Commerce holds great potential, its sustainability requires strategic innovations that balance service speed with cost efficiency and ecological responsibility.

Green innovation has become a crucial approach to addressing sustainability challenges within global economic and environmental contexts. This study maps the development of green innovation research through a bibliometric analysis using data from the Scopus database covering the period 2021–2024. Bibliometric techniques were applied with VOSviewer and R Studio to examine publication trends, citation patterns, author collaboration, and keyword networks. The results show a significant growth of publications in the last five years, with major themes focusing on sustainable development, environmental technology, and economic implications of green innovation, while leading contributions come from China. Influential journals in innovation and environmental management are identified as key publication outlets, and keyword analysis reveals the integration of green innovation into sustainability strategies and economic policy discussions. This study contributes to a clearer understanding of the intellectual structure and emerging directions of green innovation research, offering insights for scholars, business practitioners, and policymakers in advancing sustainable innovation practices.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on financial misreporting, with investor attention as a moderating variable in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2022 period. The theoretical framework is grounded in Agency Theory and Legitimacy Theory to explain the role of ESG as an internal control mechanism and a means of gaining external legitimacy. The research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data from annual reports and sustainability reports. Financial misreporting is proxied by earnings management measured through discretionary accruals, while ESG performance is assessed using the GRI Standards index, and investor attention is proxied by institutional ownership. Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings reveal that all three ESG dimensions (environmental, social, and governance) have a significant negative effect on earnings management. Institutional investor attention is found to strengthen the negative relationship between environmental and social aspects with earnings management, but weaken the influence of governance. These results indicate that institutional investors tend to be more responsive to environmental and social issues compared to governance aspects. Practically, this study provides empirical evidence that ESG implementation can serve as a control instrument against financial misreporting in the banking sector, while theoretically enriching the literature on investor moderation in the relationship between ESG and earnings management practices.

This study aims to examine the impact of green economy initiatives on Indonesia’s GDP growth, with a particular focus on public perceptions of sustainable economic practices. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach, collecting primary data through an online survey administered to twenty respondents. The survey measured perceptions related to sustainable innovation, environmentally friendly resource management, and energy efficiency as key components of green economy implementation. The findings indicate that respondents hold a generally positive view of green economy practices, as reflected in a high average score of 4.24, suggesting strong agreement regarding their implementation and potential benefits. In addition, perceptions of economic development linked to green initiatives were also rated highly. These results imply that the public perceives a meaningful relationship between the adoption of green economy principles and long-term economic prosperity in Indonesia. Further analysis suggests that green practices can contribute to increased income levels, improved social welfare, and enhanced productivity, while simultaneously supporting environmental sustainability. From a practical perspective, the study highlights the importance of greater community participation, stronger policy commitment from the government, and increased green innovation by corporate entities. Theoretically, the results support existing economic and sustainability theories that emphasize the role of green economy strategies in fostering resilient, inclusive, and equitable economic growth. Overall, this study reinforces the relevance of green economy initiatives as a viable pathway toward sustainable national development.

This conceptual research analyzes the relationship between social entrepreneurship and social innovation as an integrated framework for creating and sustaining sustainable impact. Social entrepreneurship is positioned as a strategic mechanism that combines the disciplines of entrepreneurship, value creation, and community empowerment to address complex social and environmental challenges. Meanwhile, social innovation provides new solutions, approaches, and models that drive systemic change and expand community participation in social development. Through a literature-based analysis, this research demonstrates that the synergy between these two concepts enables organizations to design sustainable business models that balance social mission with economic sustainability. The research findings confirm that sustainable social impact is achieved through three interrelated key pillars: system-oriented innovation, hybrid and adaptive business models, and collaborative ecosystems that strengthen institutional capacity and legitimacy. This research provides theoretical contributions by developing a conceptual framework that integrates social value creation, innovation processes, and sustainability mechanisms. Future research is recommended to empirically test this conceptual model through case studies or mixed approaches to assess its applicability in various socio-economic contexts.

Shaping central banking for sustainability has become increasingly relevant as climate change and the pursuit of sustainable development challenge the conventional scope of monetary policy. Green monetary policy reflects efforts to align central banking with environmental and economic objectives, yet the scholarly literature on this issue remains fragmented. This study employs a bibliometric approach using R Studio (Bibliometrix) to analyze publications indexed in Scopus from 2015 to 2025. The dataset comprises more than 1,200 documents with an annual growth rate of nearly 12%, signaling the rapid expansion of research in this field. Bibliometric techniques, including citation mapping, co-authorship analysis, and keyword co-occurrence, are applied to identify influential authors, sources, and thematic clusters. The results indicate a steady increase in international collaboration and a consolidation of research themes, reflecting the growing importance of sustainability in central banking discourse. This study is expected to contribute by providing a structured overview of the intellectual landscape of green monetary policy, clarifying its links with sustainable development and climate change, and offering guidance for future research and policy innovation in sustainable central banking.

Amidst the current changing global conditions, it is important for a country to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to face challenges in sustainable development, social inequality, and strengthen economic and environmental resilience. This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental performance and political stability on the SDG scores of ASEAN countries for the 2020-2024 period, moderated by economic growth. Researchers used a quantitative method, processed using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The regression process was conducted twice, before and after using moderating variables. The findings suggest that economic growth can alter the influence of environmental performance and political stability on SDG scores. Political stability has a positive impact on the SDGs after economic growth has moderated. While environmental performance has a negative impact after being moderated by economic growth. Economic growth promotes political stability and sustainable growth. Conversely, with high growth, improvements in environmental performance are indicated to shift priorities from sustainability to exploitation.

The concept of green business performance has been an interesting topic for research among well-known scholars. Green business has become crucial for advancing sustainability and fostering innovation. Green business performance has become the global requirement due to the recent economic disaster, and green measures have been considered the leading solution for it. This study aims to explore how sustainability intersects with strategic business practices, offering actionable insights for aligning environmental sustainability with economic growth. To find worldwide research trends, bibliometric analysis was performed using R studio and VOSviewer software on 3007 scientific publications from Scopus from 2021 to 2024. Bibliometric analysis uses key words to enable the study of specific details, within the main topics of research, within a domain, and relationships at the micro-level. These methods facilitated an in-depth exploration of the evolution and impact of green business for sustainability. This study bridges existing gaps by providing actionable insights into how green business drive sustainable development, offering value to researchers, policymakers, and business leaders seeking to integrate environmental sustainability with economic growth.