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Background: Cervical Root Syndrome (CRS), Cervical Radiculopathy, or Irritating Compression Brought on by the Invertebral Discnue Can All Induce Sensory or Motor Loss. In the instance of cervical root syndrome, this study attendes to ascertain the benefits of myofacial release, free active exercise, neck calliet exercise, stretching, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens). Method: Patients with Cervical Root Syndrome at Dr. Hospital Sardjito Yogyakarta are the subjects of this case study. Pain, Muscle Weakness, Restricted Range of Motion, and diminished functional activity are the issues that patients face. Findings: Assessment of visual pain Analog scale (VAS) reveals that pain in the NECK region of silent pain decreases from 6 to 4 pain Decreased pressure from 7 to 5, pain decreases from 8 to 6 and in the shoulder region there is a change in pain decreases from 6 to 4 pain decreases from 7 to 6, pain movement decreases from 8 to 6. extension, lateral flexion (D), lateral flexion (s), rotation (D), rotation (s) muscle strength there is no change with the value of MMT 3+ and in the shoulder region there are changes in each movement (extension flexion, adduction, abduction, internal rotation of external rotation rotation) NECK extension-flexion movement, which changes from S: 35 ° -0-20 ° to S: 45 ° -0-25 °, and rotation movement (D)-Rotation (s), where R: 70 ° -0-60 ° to R: 80 ° -0-70 °, in the Shoulder region extension-flexion, which changes from S: 25 ° -0-80 ° 45 ° -0-130 °, and abduction-adduction movement, where f: 90 ° -0-70 ° to F: 160 ° -0-50 ° Functional activity measured by the NECK Disability Index (NDI) shows an increase from the value of 40% decreased to 38%. Conclusion.

Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain that is often found in the population aged 40-60 years, especially women with prolonged standing activities and high body mass index. This case report discusses physiotherapy management in a 41-year-old female patient with plantar fasciitis dextra who underwent therapy at Panembahan Senopati Hospital. The physiotherapy interventions provided included ultrasound, gastrocnemius muscle massage, stretching (Towel Stretch), and exercises (Calf Raise and Towel Toe Curl) for three sessions in three weeks. Evaluation was performed using Wong Baker Scale, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Goniometer, and Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI). The results showed a decrease in tenderness and pain during movement, increased plantar fascia flexibility, and an increase in FADI score from 63.28% to 77.88%, indicating improved function. Physiotherapy interventions proved to be effective in managing plantar fasciitis symptoms conservatively and improving the patient's quality of life.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a condition that causes pain, tingling or weakness in the hands and fingers. CTS is caused by the depressed median nerve inside the carpal tunnel due to connective tissue. The implementation of therapy has an effect on reducing symptoms caused by CTS, including the implementation of Ultrasound, Tens and Exercise therapy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Ultrasound, Tens and Exercise therapy in the treatment of CTS. The method used in this study was a case study in a 54-year-old female patient diagnosed with CTS. Evaluation using NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) for pain, goniometer for LGS (Joint Range of Motion) and WHDI (Wrist Hand Disability Index) for functional activities. Therapy was carried out twice a week, patients showed a decrease in palm pain and tingling in the fingertips accompanied by an increase in LGS. The combination of Ultrasound, Tens and Exercise therapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of CTS so that it can be the right choice for this case.

This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the tendency of children with intellectual disabilities to develop expressive communication skills. Expressive communication skills, which include speaking and verbally expressing needs, are an important aspect of development for children with intellectual disabilities to adapt in social environments. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study technique on a student with mild intellectual disability named Azka Ari Pratama (10 years old) at SLB Al Azhar Medan. Data collection was carried out through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with teachers, and direct observation. The results of the research indicate that expressive communication skills are influenced by individual factors (intellectual limitations and emotional regulation), physiological factors, environmental factors, and motivational factors. The research concludes that a holistic and individualized approach is needed in the development of expressive communication of children with intellectual disabilities, considering all identified factors.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a peripheral neuropathy disease that occurs due to compression or pressure on the median nerve which causes narrowing of the carpal tunnel. Common symptoms of CTS are pain, numbness, and paresthesia which usually spread to the fingers, especially the thumb, index finger, and middle finger. To determine the effectiveness of non-operative therapy in cases of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome using modalities of tools and exercise therapy in the form of nerve gliding exercise, free exercise with resistance, hand grip, and manual therapy techniques. Case report study is used as a research method by taking samples from 1 patient with a case of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The measuring instruments used are Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the pain scale, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to measure muscle strength, Goniometer to measure Range Of Motion (ROM), and Wrist Hand Disability Index (WHDI) to measure functional activity ability. After the implementation of the 3rd therapy there were changes, namely decreased pain, increased muscle strength, increased ROM and increased functional activity.  This case study shows that there is effectiveness in providing exercise therapy, manual therapy and electrotherapy in cases of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS).

Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) are crucial for upholding popular sovereignty and realizing democracy. This research aimed to examine the level of political participation among voters with disabilities and the factors contributing to their low engagement in the 2024 Pilkada in Baregbeg District. The research method used was qualitative with a descriptive approach, involving field studies, literature reviews, and data analysis. The results showed that while the 2024 Pilkada in Baregbeg District, Ciamis Regency, was successfully executed, the participation of voters with disabilities was very low, at only 29.93% of the 294 registered voters. This low participation was caused by external micro factors such as non-inclusive socialization (lack of assistive tools), suboptimal voter education, budget limitations, ineffective 'jemput bola' mechanisms, insufficient family support, unfriendly polling station locations, and minimal initiatives from stakeholders and disability organizations. Additionally, internal macro factors of disabled individuals also played a role, including communication limitations (for those with hearing, visual, speech, and intellectual impairments), differences in information access and mobility, varying levels of understanding, low organizational awareness, and limited scope of movement and social interaction. The socialization efforts already undertaken have not been able to significantly increase participation, indicating the need for a more comprehensive and inclusive approach.

Every human being inherently has the hope of living a normal and prosperous life, both physically and psychologically. However, in reality, not all individuals are born with complete physical abilities. Some are born with physical disabilities that limit their ability to perform daily activities. This condition often gives rise to various challenges, especially in the social sphere, as faced by individuals with physical disabilities (tuna daksa). This study aims to examine the relationship between self-esteem and social support with the psychological well-being of persons with physical disabilities in West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The research method used is quantitative with a correlational approach. The population consisted of 37 individuals with physical disabilities, and the total sampling technique was employed. Data collection was conducted using three psychological scales: the psychological well-being scale, the self-esteem scale, and the social support scale. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that self-esteem and social support simultaneously had a significant relationship with psychological well-being. Partially, both self-esteem and social support were also found to have significant relationships with psychological well-being. This indicates that psychological well-being in individuals with physical disabilities is influenced by internal factors such as self-esteem, as well as external factors such as social support. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for the development of appropriate psychological and social interventions to improve the quality of life of persons with physical disabilities.

The research aims to explore how Quizziz can be effective in improving the understanding of currency recognition in learners with disabilities. The research used a quantitative approach and an experimental method of one group pre-test post-test design to collect data on student learning outcomes. Data collection was done through written tests in the form of multiple choice, with analysis using parametric statistical techniques and Paired Sample T-Test test. The data findings showed that the average student pretest score was 66.0 and which then increased to 89.3 on the posttest, with an average difference of 23.3 points. The statistical test resulted in a significance value of p = 0.004, which is a value that shows the significance of the difference and increase in scores. The increase in the results obtained is an indication that when learning is carried out with gamification and visual-based media such as Quizizz is able to provide assistance in helping students understand the basic concepts of currency and increase learning motivation through an attractive and interactive display. Thus, it can be concluded that the Quizizz application can be a feasible alternative for use in learning, especially to increase the independence of students with disabilities in daily life through mastery of currency recognition material.

Physical impairment is a condition of being damaged or disturbed as a result of deformity or obstacles to the bones, muscles and joints in their normal function. This condition can be caused by disease, accident, or can also be caused by a congenital condition that results in total disability. Physical impairment can also be interpreted as a form of abnormality or disability in the muscle, bone, joint and nervous system caused by disease, viruses and accidents that occur before birth, at birth and after birth. The aim of this research is to find out how adult men with disabilities can accept themselves in Manduamas sub-district. This research uses a qualitative description method. The population of this study was 4 adult men with disabilities. In an effort to provide assistance to adult men with physical impairments, researchers provide assistance with problematic aspects, namely, physical aspects, psychological aspects, social aspects and spiritual aspects. In an effort to provide pastoral counseling assistance using the Cilent Center approach to adult men with disabilities who cannot accept themselves, there are several approaches taken by the assistant, namely, listening, reflecting, explaining, and being fully present. From the research results, pastoral counseling with a client-centered approach can help adult men with disabilities accept themselves.

Hypertension is a disease that does not show symptoms or complaints. However, if detected at an advanced stage of the disease, it can result in disability or death. Hypertension is increasing, especially in the elderly group, known as the Silent Killer disease (Ministry of Health, 2019). In Indonesia and in several countries in the world, hypertension has become a major health problem, where the increase in hypertension cases is estimated to increase by around 80%, especially in developing countries in 2025 from 639 million cases in 2000, and is estimated to increase to 1.5 billion cases in 2025 (Hakim L., 2019). Increasing public awareness can be done through promotive and preventive efforts by conducting early detection of routine blood pressure measurements and compliance in taking medication routinely (Astutiatmaja, 2022). The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of the elderly about controlling and treating hypertension to prevent the risk of complications of other degenerative diseases due to hypertension and as an evaluation to increase the knowledge of the elderly to maintain health in old age so that complications of the disease can be prevented in improving the quality of life of the elderly

The video feature Berdaya, Berkarya, Bermakna bagi Disabilitas aims to highlight the potential and creative works of children with disabilities at the Our Dream Indonesia Foundation through a mise-en-scène approach that enhances both visual and emotional narratives. This writing is motivated by the urgency of promoting the economic and social empowerment of persons with disabilities and the need to challenge prevailing stigmas through mass media. The 11-minute video feature integrates cinematography, set design, costume and makeup, and lighting to construct an engaging and informative storytelling experience. The objective of this study is to explain the production process of creating a visual work using mise-en-scène elements, which includes three key stages: pre-production (research, field observation, storyline development, storyboard creation, and technical preparation), production (filming using cinematographic techniques), and post-production (editing and visual refinement). The findings indicate that the comprehensive application of mise-en-scène successfully reinforces the message of inclusivity. For example, the use of cinematographic techniques contributes to the visual aesthetics; the set design of Toko Amis Budi shows the works of children with disabilities; the makeup and costume choices reflect the personalities of the featured subjects; and the lighting enhances the emotional tone of each scene. In conclusion, this work affirms that mise-en-scène not only enriches the visual appeal but also deepens the emotional impact, transforming facts into inspiring stories and raising public awareness of the importance of expressive spaces for individuals with disabilities. This video serves as an effective medium to advocate for equal rights and the recognition of the abilities of persons with disabilities.

Priapism is a urological emergency that can cause permanent disability so it requires fast and precise treatment by a doctor, we recently treated a man with intermittent idiopathic ischemic priapism with oral gabapentin 300 mg and dutasteride 0.5 mg, Before we decided on pharmacological therapy as an effort to prevent recurrent episodes of erection, we had planned invasive therapy as a first-line therapy option, namely aspiration, irrigation, inter cavernosal therapy with winter procedure, but before we had time to do the procedure the penis had detumescence so we canceled the procedure considering that massive bleeding occurred and there was no clinical benefit if the procedure was continued, the treatment immediately showed results after administration with a decrease in the frequency and duration of erections. In the second week the patient came back to our hospital emergency room, we planned the same action winter procedure but before we could do it the penis had detumescence, we gave additional pharmacological therapy Dutasteride 1x0.5 mg, After giving a combination of gabapentin and dutasteride for 2 weeks and we noted no reports of recurrent erectile episodes after and after stopping the drugs there were no reports of recurrent erectile episodes. Gabapentin and Dutasteride may be the main safe choice for the management of intermittent idiopathic ischemic priapism.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems that affect the quality of life and productivity of individuals. LBP lasting more than 12 weeks is categorized as chronic LBP and often has no specific cause. Core stability exercise (CSE) is one of the effective rehabilitation methods in managing pain and disability in chronic LBP patients. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CSE in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP based on a literature review. Methods: This study used the literature review method by reviewing various relevant studies related to CSE and chronic LBP. Data sources were obtained from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PEDro. Articles used had inclusion criteria in the form of randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies published in the last 10 years (2014-2024), in English, and involving patients with non-specific chronic LBP. Article quality assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale. Results: From the analysis of eight articles that met the inclusion criteria, it was found that CSE has significant effectiveness in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score showed a greater reduction in the group undergoing CSE compared to the control group or other therapeutic methods. Moreover, the combination of CSE with adjunctive therapies such as pain neuroscience education (PNE), interferential therapy (IFC), and myofascial release technique (MRT) showed better results in reducing pain and improving postural stability and physical function. Conclusion: CSE can be an effective rehabilitation method to reduce pain and improve core muscle stability in patients with chronic LBP. Combination with other therapies may provide more optimal results.

Stroke or cerebrovascular disease (CVA) is an acute disorder of cerebral or blood vessel perfusion. About 85% of strokes are ischemic and the rest are hemorrhagic. Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults throughout the world. Since 1990-2019, there has been an increase in the incidence of stroke by 70%, of which 40% of cases resulted in death. CVA is also one of the causes of sick leave in the working population. largest and low return to work rates among workers.  It is important to carry out a work fitness assessment before returning to work. This assessment is carried out thoroughly and comprehensively, which includes examination of the physical, mental condition and also aspects of the work, including job descriptions, work demands, and the environment to readjust the worker's health condition to the work aspects. A 35 year old woman, working as a security team at a shoe factory security post, experienced a non-hemorrhagic stroke with weakness on the left side of the body, spoke slurredly after the second bilateral hysterec-salphingo oovorectomy 3 days previously. The work fitness assessment was carried out by following up on the patient's clinical condition, where 10 weeks after the stroke, this patient was declared fit to work with a Fit With Note. Limitations on the length/duration of work in the form of overtime and a shift work system are implemented so as not to increase the patient's workload.

Sectio Saesarea is a way of delivering a fetus by making an incision in the uterine wall through the front wall of the abdomen or vagina or SC is a hysterotomy to deliver a fetus in the uterus (Batara, 2022, p.1). SC is known as one of the procedures that can save both mother and baby. SC can effectively prevent death and disability in mothers and newborns. SC is performed on 3 indication factors, namely maternal, fetal and obstetric factors themselves. The problem that usually arises after SC is pain. Patients after sectio caesarea surgery will feel pain when the effects of anesthetic drugs have disappeared (Solehati & Kosasih, 2015). Postoperative pain after anesthesia is a common complication and will appear 1-3 hours (Saputra, at, al.2023). Pain appears due to the release of pain receptors due to the disconnection of tissue continuity due to the incision process during surgery. Post SC patients usually complain of pain in the abdominal incision area (Wahyuningsih et al., 2022). Pain in patients must be treated immediately so as not to interfere with the mother's activities. There are 2 pain management, namely pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Pharmacological therapy is carried out by administering drug therapy to reduce pain. Non-pharmacological therapy that can be done to reduce pain is one of them early mobilization. Early mobilization after cesarean section is a movement, position or activity carried out by the mother several hours after giving birth by cesarean section (Mawarni, 2018). Early mobilization techniques are very effective in relieving pain. Early mobilization is recommended for post-SC mothers, because it can increase the independence of post-SC patients, as well as support the wound healing process, and reduce pain (Dirgahayu, 2019). Early mobilization interventions can help patients reduce the pain scale felt postoperatively. Case studies using descriptive methods with a nursing process approach were carried out on 3 respondents of post op pregnant women using the One Group Pretest Posttest research design which was measured using the NRS instrument for 3 days. The results showed a decrease in the pain scale in respondents after being given early mobilization interventions. 

Catechesis is the main means for the Church to educate and pass on the faith to the people. However, people with disabilities often experience limited access to faith education that suits their needs. This paper discusses how catechesis can be more inclusive in guiding people with disabilities to the knowledge of faith. This study aims to: (1) identify the challenges faced by people with disabilities in attending catechesis, (2) explain the strategies and methods that can be applied in inclusive catechesis, (3) propose concrete steps for the Church in developing catechesis that is more adaptive to the needs of people with disabilities. The formulation of the problems that form the basis of this research include: first, what are the challenges faced by people with disabilities in receiving faith education? Second, how can catechesis be designed to be more inclusive for people with disabilities? Third, what is the role of the Church in supporting inclusive catechesis? With a more adaptive approach and friendly methods for people with disabilities, the Church can ensure that every believer, without exception, has the same opportunity to understand and live the Christian faith.

‘Sehelai Kain Harapan’ is a documentary film that discusses the training of batik making by people with disabilities at Pusyansos Griya Harapan Difabel and the formation of a business Batik Griya Difabel. The making of this documentary video does not escape the process of applying cinematographic techniques by a DoP. Therefore, the task of a Director of Photography so that the message to be conveyed can be conveyed properly is carried out the preparation of cinematographic techniques. The purpose of this writing is to find out the application of cinematographic techniques including framing, shot size, camera angle, and camera movement in the production of documentary videos. The stages of creation include pre-production, production, and post-production. Cinematography techniques in the production of this documentary video are carried out to support the delivery of messages and according to the needs of visual narratives in order to be able to build emotions, strengthen the character of subjects and convey messages effectively. The shooting carried out include; opening, interview with the head of the centre, batik making process, interview craftsmen, craftsmen's challenges, coordinator interview, hopes coordinator and closing. The conclusion of this writing is that the activities of applying framing techniques, shot size, camera angle and camera movement in documentary production have been done well.

This study examines the role of the Disability Service Center (PLD) in Blitar City as a social policy instrument aimed at enhancing justice and access to services for Children with Special Needs (CSN). The main objective is to analyze the implementation of social policy through the integrated services provided by PLD, including diagnostic assessments, psychological therapy, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech therapy, and transition education, as well as to identify supporting and inhibiting factors. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document studies for data collection. Findings reveal that PLD has successfully increased both the quantity and quality of services reaching various types of disabilities, supported by a multidisciplinary team of experts and adequate facilities. Active involvement of parents and teachers strengthens family empowerment and the sustainability of therapies. However, challenges such as social stigma, limited human resources, and funding constraints remain significant barriers. This study emphasizes that robust social policies and cross-sector collaboration are key to the success of inclusive services for CSN. Implications highlight the need to enhance human resource capacity, strengthen regulations, and broaden socialization efforts to optimize services and support social inclusion. Further research with quantitative methods and long-term impact evaluation is recommended.

Morbus Hansen, or leprosy, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. There are two types of leprosy, namely MB (Multi Bacillary) and PB (Pauci Bacillary). According to the WHO, the level of disability due to leprosy is divided into three levels: Level 0, Level 1, and Level 3. This study is an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional research design, involving 45 respondents selected through total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by filling out a questionnaire consisting of questions regarding leprosy medication compliance. Data analysis used the chi-square test and prevalence rate. The results showed no association between medication compliance (p=0.092, PR=2.0) and the incidence of leprosy disability at the Batumarmar Health Center, Pamekasan Regency. The conclusion of this study indicates that although theoretically adherence to medication can lead to disability in leprosy patients, the results of this study show something different. The difference between the results of this study and the theory may be due to other factors affecting disability. The suggestion is that the health center is expected to improve the monitoring system to evaluate patient compliance with treatment. Support from medical personnel and families is also needed to encourage patients to be more consistent in undergoing therapy.

The provision of friendly facilities for people with disabilities is one form of government concern in creating social inclusion and equal access for all levels of society. In this context, the National Land Agency (BPN) plays an important role in ensuring that public facilities provided can be accessed by all individuals, including people with disabilities. This study aims to analyze how BPN provides disability-friendly facilities at the regional office located on Jalan STM, Sitirejo, Medan Amplas District, Medan City, North Sumatra. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth case study method, where data is obtained through interviews, direct observation, and documentation studies related to the provision of facilities for people with disabilities at the BPN. The results of the study indicate that despite efforts by the BPN to provide facilities that are friendly to people with disabilities, there are still a number of obstacles that need to be fixed, such as the lack of supporting facilities such as disabled lanes, and information on service procedures that are not fully disability-friendly. From this study, it is recommended that the BPN can improve infrastructure and services for people with disabilities by paying attention to applicable standards, and conduct wider socialization related to accessibility rights for people with disabilities, in order to realize more inclusive public services.