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This study examines the construction of narratives on immoral issues in political discourse through a critical approach. Immoral issues are often used as political tools to build an image, discredit opponents, or divert public attention from the main issues. This study focuses on how immoral issues are designed, disseminated, and received by society through media and political discourse. Using critical discourse analysis, this research explores the relationship between power, ideology, and the representation of immoral issues in a political context. The findings show that immoral issues are frequently manipulated to influence public perception, control political narratives, and reinforce the dominance of certain groups. The implications of this practice include the distortion of public space, the decline in the quality of political discourse, and threats to democratic integrity. This study highlights the importance of critical literacy in political discourse to foster healthier and more substantive discussions.

The proliferation of network information algorithms (NIAs) in contemporary society has sparked significant ethical concerns regarding their societal impact. This study investigates the influence of NIAs on social interactions, decision-making processes, and the perpetuation of structural biases through a multidisciplinary perspective (Ananny, 2023). The findings reveal that while NIAs enhance operational efficiency across various domains, they also introduce ethical challenges, including privacy infringements, systemic inequities, and algorithmic opacity, which threaten social justice. Employing Ananny’s (2023) conceptual framework—which categorizes NIAs into three dimensions: encounters, observation, and probability/temporality—this research deconstructs the operational mechanisms of these algorithms. The analysis demonstrates that NIAs not only replicate historical biases but also engender new forms of discrimination through ostensibly neutral predictive processes. For example, algorithm-driven recruitment systems may perpetuate gender disparities if their training data reflects prior discriminatory practices (Crawford, 2021). This study underscores the inextricable link between technological ethics and societal context, arguing that an overreliance on algorithmic systems risks undermining human autonomy (Zuboff, 2019). The originality of this research lies in its integration of computational ethics theory with empirical case studies, such as the deployment of NIAs in mass surveillance, where privacy is often compromised in pursuit of perceived security. To ensure academic rigor, the arguments are developed through a critical comparison with prior research (e.g., Mittelstadt et al., 2016), while avoiding redundancy in phrasing or structure. Scholars such as Floridi (2019) emphasize the necessity of algorithmic transparency in regulatory frameworks. However, critics like Noble (2018) argue that technical solutions alone are inadequate; structural reforms in data governance and corporate accountability are essential to mitigate the misuse of NIAs. In response, this study proposes an ethical framework that not only addresses technical risk mitigation but also incorporates civic participation in algorithmic decision-making processes. The ethical implications of NIAs necessitate a holistic approach that integrates principles of data justice, independent algorithmic auditing, and public digital literacy. Future research should explore inclusive models of algorithmic governance, particularly in developing nations where regulatory frameworks often lag behind technological advancements. This study concludes with a reflective inquiry: How can algorithmic accountability be ensured if developers lack transparency regarding data sources and programming logic? By addressing these questions, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the ethical governance of NIAs and their societal implications.

This qualitative literature review explores the evolving relationship between corporate governance and corporate strategy, focusing on recent insights and identifying future research directions. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of studies from 2023–2024, the review highlights the pivotal role of governance mechanisms—such as board composition, accountability frameworks, and sustainability integration—in shaping strategic decision-making. Key findings reveal the increasing importance of diversity, long-term ownership structures, and adaptive governance practices in addressing global challenges. Furthermore, the study synthesizes the impacts of governance on strategic outcomes, emphasizing areas requiring further empirical exploration, such as the intersection of sustainability and innovation. This review contributes to the academic discourse by offering a consolidated perspective on governance-strategy dynamics while providing a roadmap for future research endeavors. Limitations and avenues for advancing the theoretical and practical understanding of this critical relationship are also discussed.

Globalisation introduces substantial changes to human existence, combined with in social, economic and cultural elements. However, these adjustments furthermore offer critical obstacles, specifically for Muslims, United Nations agency generally need to confront beliefs and practices that contrast with monotheism teachings. With an emphasis on social, economic, and cultural facets, this analysis seeks to examine the applicability of Qur'anic interpretation in addressing the issues of globalization. It is intended that a wide range of flexible and conversational approaches to interpretation will provide fresh perspectives on how the holy text's lessons remain pertinent and relevant in today's modern world. Using literature reviews and material gathered from a variety of contemporary commentary, books, scientific papers, and journals, a qualitative analysis technique is employed. The findings of the analysis demonstrate that a discourse interpretation of the Qur'an will address the problems of economic injustice, social inequality, and the cultural psychological state brought on by globalization. Finally, in order to respond to the problems of globalization and ensure that the teachings of the Qur'an remain relevant in the current era, a dynamic interpretation method is absolutely essential.

This study explores the discourse surrounding the Agus Salim donation controversy, focusing on how media narratives and legal rhetoric shape public perception. Drawing on two primary sources—articles from Brilio.net and KapanLagi.com—the research employs critical discourse analysis to examine the framing of key events, including allegations of donation mismanagement, legal strategies, and the public's reaction to the case. The findings reveal how media outlets construct competing narratives, emphasizing the roles of public figures, lawyers, and victims in influencing the discourse. By analyzing language use, power dynamics, and ideological positioning, this study highlights the interplay between legal rhetoric and public opinion in cases of social and moral significance. The research contributes to understanding how controversies are framed in digital media and their implications for justice and accountability in contemporary society.

Political discourse plays a very important role in shaping public opinion and reinforcing power structures in multicultural societies. This research applies Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine how language is used in political speeches to construct social hierarchies, national identities, and public perceptions. By analyzing speeches from leaders in diverse societies, this study highlights the use of rhetoric, metaphor, and persuasion strategies in influencing collective ideologies

The notary profession in Indonesia is experiencing a critical transformation driven by technological advancements, changing legal landscapes, and the imperative of modernization. This research comprehensively examines the current regulatory framework governing notaries, analyzing the multifaceted challenges and potential opportunities for substantive reform in the contemporary legal ecosystem.The study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating qualitative legal analysis, comparative research, and empirical investigation to provide a holistic understanding of the notary profession's evolving role. Through in-depth examination of existing regulations, stakeholder interviews, and comparative international perspectives, the research identifies key systemic barriers and innovative pathways for professional development.Critical findings reveal significant challenges, including technological adaptation gaps, regulatory inflexibility, and inconsistent professional standards. The research highlights the urgent need for a dynamic regulatory approach that balances traditional legal principles with emerging digital authentication technologies. Key opportunities emerge in areas such as blockchain-based document verification, comprehensive digital skills training, and adaptive professional development frameworks.The study proposes a comprehensive reformation strategy encompassing technological infrastructure development, professional skills enhancement, and regulatory modernization. Recommendations include establishing dedicated innovation units, implementing mandatory technology training programs, and creating flexible regulatory mechanisms that can rapidly respond to technological and professional landscape changes. By providing a nuanced analysis of the notary profession's current state and future potential, this research contributes critical insights to the discourse on legal professional modernization in Indonesia. The findings underscore the essential role of strategic, forward-looking reforms in ensuring the continued relevance, effectiveness, and integrity of notarial services in the digital era.

This article explores the impact of Critical Multilingual Literacy Awareness (CMLA) on enhancing critical thinking skills among literature students. By integrating multilingual texts with critical literacy practices, CMLA fosters a more nuanced approach to literary analysis, encouraging students to engage deeply with diverse linguistic and cultural perspectives. The study employs a qualitative case study methodology, involving 30 undergraduate literature students from varied linguistic backgrounds, and utilizes classroom observations, interviews, and written assignments to assess outcomes. Findings reveal significant improvements in students' abilities to conduct comparative analyses, understand contextual nuances, and engage in reflexive thinking. The results underscore the transformative potential of CMLA in literature education, advocating for its broader implementation to cultivate critical thinking and intercultural competence in an increasingly interconnected world. This research not only contributes to the academic discourse on multilingualism in education but also provides practical strategies for educators seeking to enrich their teaching practices.

Pancasila as a state ideology plays a fundamental role in the development of Indonesian democracy, but its implementation faces various challenges in the contemporary era. This research aims to deeply analyze the strategic role of Pancasila in building and strengthening the democratic system in Indonesia, focusing on the dynamics of its implementation, challenges, and strengthening strategies. Using a literature review method with a qualitative-descriptive approach, this research analyzes various literature sources from 2019-2024 through systematic literature review (SLR) and critical discourse analysis (CDA). The results show that Pancasila plays an effective role as an instrument that bridges Indonesia’s diversity with universal democratic principles, as well as a filter in the adoption of global democratic values. Implementing Pancasila values in the context of democratization requires a comprehensive approach that includes strengthening leadership, revitalizing education, and adapting to digital transformation. This research contributes to the development of a strategy to strengthen Pancasila-based democracy that is adaptable to the times, but still rooted in the noble values of the Indonesian nation.

The study investigated the implementation of the Initiation-Response-Feedback (IRF) pattern of Coulthard and Sinclair Model in sixth-grade classroom interactions. It focused on its impact on student engagement and learning outcomes. Conducted with an English teacher and 23 students, the research utilized video recordings to analyze discourse patterns during lessons. Findings reveal that the IRF model facilitated communication by structuring interactions where teachers initiate questions, students respond, and teachers provide feedback. However, the analysis indicated that while students actively participate, their responses often consist of repetition rather than demonstrating comprehension of the material. Teacher feedback plays a crucial role in reinforcing learning, yet it also highlighted areas needing improvement in fostering deeper understanding. The study emphasizes the importance of teacher-student dialogue in creating an interactive learning environment and suggests that educators should encourage critical thinking and comprehension alongside participation. By identifying best practices within the IRF framework, this research contributes to enhancing classroom dynamics in early secondary education settings.  

Mass media plays a significant role in shaping public perceptions of issues such as sexual and domestic violence. This study focuses on how text structure, word choice, and gender representation in news articles influence public understanding of violence. The aim of this research is to analyze how news about sexual violence and domestic violence constructs narratives and social responses through language use and text structure, and how gender representation affects public perception. The study employs critical discourse analysis based on Norman Fairclough's theory. Two news articles were selected for analysis: one about sexual violence in front of a young girl and one about domestic violence. The articles were examined for text structure, word choice, and gender representation to understand how they construct narratives. The analysis reveals that the news about sexual violence emphasizes the perpetrator's actions and the authorities' responses, using sensational language to create a negative image of the perpetrator. In contrast, the news about domestic violence focuses more on the victim's suffering and power dynamics, with detailed descriptions of physical and emotional abuse. Media shapes public perceptions of violence and gender through word choice and text structure.

Twitter has become a social media that is widely used to communicate, communicate information, obtain information, and is often used as a place to discuss issues such as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The @erlanishere account is one of the humanitarian activists who regularly posts about the Palestinian situation. The stories presented not only provide information, but also arouse the emotions of the public and raise awareness and solidarity with the suffering of the Palestinian people. So this account is appointed as the Commander of the Netizen Julid Anti-Israeli Special Operations Unit. Only by using the tag, @erlanishere can coordinate netizens to voice the Israeli conflict in Gaza. In this way, the information can spread to netizens throughout Indonesia. The research into @erlanishere's account aims to understand the narrative of Israeli atrocities in Palestine and their impact on public perceptions. Using the critical discourse analysis method by Teun A.Van Dijk, the results of the research on this @erlanishere account were, able to mobilize public support and sympathy for Palestine, through the use of emotional language, visualizing violence, and presenting critical facts about Israeli actions.    

This study aims to analyse reasoning in the opinion columns of Kabar Madura, a prominent local newspaper in Madura. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design to understand and evaluate the quality of argumentation in these opinion columns. Data were collected through content analysis and discourse analysis of opinion articles published within a specific timeframe. The findings reveal that while many articles demonstrate effective rhetorical use and a critical approach, there are deficiencies in evidence presentation and logical consistency. More experienced writers tend to construct stronger arguments supported by relevant evidence, whereas less experienced writers often struggle to formulate coherent and logical arguments. This variation in argumentative quality indicates a need for writer training and capacity development. Additionally, the analysis shows that some articles adopt a critical approach that aids readers in understanding the complexities of local issues. The local social and cultural context also influences reasoning in the opinion columns, with articles relevant to the daily lives of the Madurese community receiving more positive responses. The study concludes that enhancing reasoning quality in opinion columns can improve the credibility and impact of local media in shaping public opinion. Practical recommendations include providing training for writers and further research encompassing more local media and mixed methods for more comprehensive results. This research contributes significantly to the development of more critical and responsible journalism within the local media context in Indonesia.

This research aims to describe the diversity of literature-based qualitative research applied in the study of religion and religiosity in Islam. Through descriptive qualitative research methods with library data collection, this research explores a variety of research that can be used in research on religion and diversity in Islam. The results show various research from various angles that can be applied in literature-based studies of religion and diversity in Islam. First, in terms of the type of research, namely the study of revelation texts, the study of figures' thoughts, textbook analysis, and historical studies. Second, in terms of research approaches, namely theological, anthropological, sociological, historical, interpretive, biographical research, hermeneutics, and artifact studies. The three research methods are descriptive, theoretical, comparative (muqaranah), historical and critical. Fourth, in terms of research data analysis, content analysis, discourse analysis, historical analysis, critical analysis, textual analysis, narrative analysis, and narrative analysis, thematic analysis, descriptive analysis, intertextual. The implication of this research is to enrich the insight of academics and researchers in choosing appropriate research methods for studying Islamic religion and diversity and encouraging the use of more varied, combinative, and in-depth qualitative research. The suggestions include integrating more interdisciplinary approaches, methods, and analysis in studying Islamic religion and diversity to produce more comprehensive findings relevant to current developments. In addition, researchers are expected to be able to develop analytical and critical skills in evaluating literature, which will help enrich academic discourse in this field.

This research aims to reveal racism in a number of posts on X's social media regarding Chinese ethnicity. These posts were studied using Theo Van Leeuwen's qualitative critical discourse analysis approach. This approach will reveal the process of inclusion and exclusion in posts about Chinese ethnicity. This process shows the existence of racist attitudes towards this group. The data analyzed are uploads, comments and interactions related to Chinese ethnicity on the social media platform X. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation techniques and note-taking techniques. This research concludes that the exclusion processes found were passivation and nominalization, while the inclusion processes found were objectivation, abstraction, nomination, determination, indetermination, assimilation, and association. Through this analysis, it was revealed that the discourse in the upload reflected the attitude of the account user towards ethnic Chinese through the upload that had been written.  

This research analyzes the song "Runtuh" popularized by two well-known indie musicians in Indonesia, Feby Putri and Fiersa Besari. The method used to analyze this song is using the Critical Discourse Analysis method which is used as a method to explore how the trend of independent music is being loved by independent music lovers, especially teenagers who have a connection to this song so that the song "Runtuh" has a very meaningful meaning and is able to understand the situation experienced by listeners, especially teenagers. Based on the comments on the music streaming platform, it shows that this song is not only a reflection of the songwriter's personal experience, but can represent the younger generation, especially teenagers who often feel marginalized by a situation. Furthermore, this research is expected to contribute to the role of the independent music scene in Indonesia in shaping identity among young people or teenagers.

The presence of the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) community has sparked considerable controversy in Indonesia, especially on social media, which has become a popular platform for interaction. TikTok, in particular, has provided a space for the LGBT community to express themselves through sharing content. This study focuses on the opposing attitudes manifesting as discrimination towards the TikTok account @Ockmockey16. The research employs Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis technique with a qualitative approach. The findings reveal interactions in the comment section of @Ockmockey16's TikTok account where numerous responses exhibit opposition, employing connotations and metaphors aimed at marginalizing the LGBT community. Examples of such connotations or metaphors include sosis ketemu sosis, pedang pedangan, pisang kepok dan pisang candi, musang jantan dgn musang jantan.

This study aims to analyze how ChatGPT has an impact on the way students and students think critically in the academic field. This article examines this topic based on descriptive qualitative research techniques with the perspective of critical discourse analysis, Foucault's model of knowledge and power. The media used as material for analysis in this research is excerpts from the GCED ISOLAedu podcast with the podcast title "ChatGPT: This is the Best Response in the World of Education". The results of this research show that critical thinking skills can be threatened if humans as actors do not have awareness of ChatGPT technology education itself and require strategies, especially teaching staff, in creating students and students who are able to have ethics and critical thinking skills in responding to ChatGPT technology.

This study explores the discourse surrounding the Agus Salim donation controversy, focusing on how media narratives and legal rhetoric shape public perception. Drawing on two primary sources—articles from Brilio.net and KapanLagi.com—the research employs critical discourse analysis to examine the framing of key events, including allegations of donation mismanagement, legal strategies, and the public's reaction to the case. The findings reveal how media outlets construct competing narratives, emphasizing the roles of public figures, lawyers, and victims in influencing the discourse. By analyzing language use, power dynamics, and ideological positioning, this study highlights the interplay between legal rhetoric and public opinion in cases of social and moral significance. The research contributes to understanding how controversies are framed in digital media and their implications for justice and accountability in contemporary society.

This research aims to conduct critical discourse analysis of news regarding the increase in UKT only applicable to new students presented by the IDN Times media. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis using the scalpel of critical discourse analysis developed by Norman Fairclough who views discourse as text.  The research results show that the news was conveyed well and clearly by the IDN Times media, and was considered positive, especially for students who were not yet economically established. Macrostructural analysis also reveals that there are differences of opinion in society regarding this policy, with the media and the figure of Nadiem playing an important role in presenting information to the public.