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Early Childhood Education (PAUD) plays a fundamental role in shaping children's character, moral values, and intellectual potential from an early age. However, many PAUD institutions in Indonesia still face serious challenges in management, where attention is focused more on operational sustainability than on improving educational quality. This study aims to describe the actual condition of PAUD institutions, analyze the causes of weak management, and identify the impact of operational orientation on educational quality. The method used is a literature study through analysis of various sources such as books, scientific journals, research reports, and government policies related to PAUD implementation. The results of the study indicate that weak management is caused by limited human resources, low managerial competence, minimal funding, weak planning, and a lack of supervision and community support. The impact is seen in the decline in educational quality and low public trust in PAUD institutions. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen quality-based management that emphasizes improving educator competence, community involvement, effective management of infrastructure, utilization of educational technology, and implementation of continuous evaluation. Professional and adaptive PAUD management is key to realizing superior, high-quality institutions that are relevant to the developmental needs of early childhood in the modern era.

This study is motivated by the declining interest of children in traditional games due to the rapid development of digital technology. Traditional games, however, hold great potential as a medium for character education, particularly in fostering values of cooperation, responsibility, and social interaction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the character value of cooperation that emerges through the implementation of traditional games among students and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing social interaction within the school environment. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach involving 23 students from SMPK Santo Don Bosco Lewoleba. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire comprising five indicators of cooperation: active participation, polite communication, care and support, acceptance of decisions, and responsibility and honesty. Data analysis was conducted by calculating the mean score for each indicator and converting it into qualitative categories. The findings reveal that the implementation of traditional games develops students’ cooperation values at a very good level, with an average score of 3.55. This indicates that traditional games contribute positively to students’ character formation, particularly in fostering teamwork, respect for peers, and harmonious social relationships. The study implies that traditional games can serve as an effective and enjoyable contextual learning medium to strengthen character education in primary and secondary schools.

Low nutritional awareness and high consumption of unhealthy snacks remain critical issues among elementary school children, potentially affecting their growth and academic performance. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention using poster media and paper-based quizzes in improving nutritional awareness among fourth to sixth grade students. The community service activity was conducted by Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) students as part of the Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) program in three elementary schools SD Negeri 1, 2, and 3 Kalirancang, Kebumen Regency. A descriptive-evaluative approach was employed through participatory engagement using simple, low-tech educational media to address technological limitations in the school environment. Data were collected from quiz score analyses and participatory observations during the intervention. The results showed a high participation rate (80–90%) and a substantial improvement in students’ cognitive understanding of nutrition, as indicated by the majority of correct quiz responses. However, behavioral observation revealed a noticeable gap between knowledge and practice, as many students continued to consume unhealthy snacks during school breaks. It can be concluded that poster and quiz-based interventions are effective in enhancing students’ nutritional knowledge but are insufficient to alter behavior without supportive environmental and policy interventions at the school level.

The urgency of marriage as an effort to elevate human dignity and sustain life and progeny is regulated in Law Number 16 of 2019, which amends Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The state requires marriage registration to guarantee the validity and legal protection of the rights of married couples and their children. One important provision in this regulation is the determination of the minimum age for marriage, which is 19 years for both men and women. However, in practice, underage marriages, including unregistered marriages, still occur. This study uses a normative-empirical research method, combining written legal analysis with field data to examine the application of laws and regulations in community practice. The results show that underage marriages can be legalized by the Religious Court based on Minister of Religious Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2019. This regulation provides legal certainty and protection of children's rights, but has also raised controversy regarding the potential legalization of early marriage. This regulation has had a significant impact on the practice of itsbat nikah anak kecil, especially at the Bulango Ulu Religious Affairs Office (KUA), by reducing unregistered marriages. However, challenges in verifying evidence, socio-cultural pressures, and the normalization of early marriage remain major obstacles that must be overcome through education and cross-sector collaboration.

Stunting is a serious problem because it impacts long-term development, preventing children from reaching their full potential, leading to lower cognitive abilities, and increasing their susceptibility to future illnesses. It also impacts both macroeconomic and microeconomic income. SSGI data from 2022 shows that the stunting rate in Central Java was 20.8%, with the highest stunting rate in Central Java Province being in Brebes Regency at 29.1% in 2022. Pandansari Village is one of the villages in Paguyangan District with the highest stunting prevalence, with 129 children in 2023. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the stunting reduction acceleration program in Pandansari Village. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The focus of this study uses Budiani's effectiveness theory, namely. The results of the study are seen from five aspects, the first is the accuracy of the target in the aspect of the accuracy of the target of toddlers recorded by the posyandu cadres and village midwives so that the program is in accordance with the targets that have been previously determined and is in accordance with existing policies. Second, the aspect of program socialization where the existing program has been well socialized to program recipients through various existing activities which include stunting prevention. Third, the program objectives from this aspect, the objectives of the existing program have been effective because the stunting rate in Pandansari Village has decreased every year and also parents of toddlers have better understanding and pay more attention to healthy lifestyles for toddlers. And fourth, program supervision in this aspect, village cadres and midwives have provided regular supervision to program recipients and also provided reports to the village government, sub-district government and community health center every six months.  

This academic paper provides a comprehensive analysis of mixed marriages and the legal status of children within the context of Indonesian International Private Law. The study meticulously explores the formal definition of a mixed marriage, establishing it as a legal union between individuals of different citizenships, thereby subject to intersecting national legal systems. The research delves into the specific regulatory framework governing Mixed Marriages in Indonesia, with a critical examination of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and its implementing regulations. A significant portion of the analysis is dedicated to the intricate legal aspects concerning the child's status in a mixed marriage. This encompasses a detailed discussion on the child's citizenship, governed by the principle of ius sanguinis under Law No. 12 of 2006 on Citizenship, which creates potential for dual citizenship and subsequent legal complexities. The paper further investigates the fundamental rights and obligations of the child, affirming that these must be upheld irrespective of parental nationality, including the inalienable right to a legal identity, parental care, and formal education. Concurrently, the research outlines the concomitant parental obligations in a mixed marriage, which are paramount and include the provision of nurture, guidance, and comprehensive protection for the child's well-being. The study concludes with a critical evaluation of the practical implementation of these mixed marriage law aspects in Indonesia, identifying discernible gaps between statutory provisions and their real-world application. It underscores persistent challenges in juridical practice and administrative consistency, ultimately highlighting the ongoing pursuit of complete legal certainty for binational families navigating the Indonesian legal landscape.

This study aims to determine the effect of digital media use on children's academic achievement. Rapid technological developments have made digital media a crucial part of the modern educational process. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study provides an in-depth description of how digital media is used in learning activities and its impact on student learning outcomes. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation of students, teachers, and parents involved in the technology-based learning process. The results indicate that digital media plays a significant role in increasing children's interest and motivation in learning, enriching their knowledge base, and helping them understand the material more effectively. However, the study also found that excessive, unsupervised use of digital media can lead to decreased concentration, the development of procrastination, and decreased social interaction among students. Therefore, the use of digital media needs to be balanced with guidance and supervision from teachers and parents to ensure its use remains aligned with educational goals. In conclusion, digital media has significant potential to improve children's academic achievement when used wisely, purposefully, and in accordance with each student's individual learning needs.

Exclusive breastfeeding ensures the optimal development of children's potential intelligence. Babies without complete exclusive breastfeeding are more vulnerable to malnutrition. They face risks of both under-nutrition and over-nutrition. This study aims to determine the correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status among infants in Kuta Cot Glie Public Health Center, Aceh Besar. This research was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 74 infants aged 0-6 months, selected using a Total Sampling technique. The study was conducted from May 1st to 23rd, 2025. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test. Of the total 74 respondents, 44 respondents (59.5%) had a normal nutritional status. Additionally, 43 respondents (58.1%) were exclusively breastfed. The Chi-Square test showed a p-value = 0.001 < 0.05. The findings indicate a correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status in infants. This study suggests that mothers exclusively breastfeed their babies. Therefore, mothers should also increase their knowledge by seeking information from various sources, such as clinics and professionals. This can help them understand the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and how to prevent malnutrition in infants.

This study is motivated by the rapid development of social media, which has become an inseparable part of children’s lives in the digital era. While children gain educational and creative benefits from social media, they are also exposed to risks from negative content such as violence, pornography, and consumerist behavior, as reported by KPAI (2023) and data from We Are Social & Hootsuite (2024). To analyze this phenomenon, a library research method with a qualitative approach related to the development of children’s thinking patterns, and child protection regulations, aiming to gain a comprehensive understanding of social and juridical implications. The results indicate that social media plays a dual role in shaping children’s thinking: providing positive impacts through learning and creativity, while also posing potential negative influences if not properly supervised. Therefore, synergy is required between law enforcement based on Law Child Protection and Law Information and Electronic Transactions, parental supervision, and adequate digital literacy, so that social media can be used as an educational and safe tool for healthy child development.

Parenting plays a crucial role in shaping a child's personality and religious values ​​from an early age. This study aims to examine the concept of parenting from an Islamic perspective, particularly according to the views of Imam Al-Ghazali, a prominent Islamic scholar and thinker. The method used was a literature review with a descriptive analytical and historical approach. The results show that Islamic parenting, according to Al-Ghazali, is based on the principles of monotheism, faith, and noble morals derived from the Quran and Sunnah. Al-Ghazali viewed children as a trust from Allah, born in a state of fitrah (purity) and as potential beings who are the hope of the community. Educating children must be done from an early age because childhood is a golden period that is very decisive in character formation. The parenting methods recommended by Al-Ghazali include: (1) the habituation method to shape character through continuous practice; (2) the role model method, where parents serve as direct role models for children; (3) the storytelling method to instill moral values; (4) the advice method with a compassionate approach; and (5) reward and punishment methods applied wisely. Al Ghazali's parenting concept emphasizes the importance of parents' role in creating a conducive environment for children's spiritual, moral, and social development, which not only impacts worldly life but also the afterlife. This research contributes to the idea of ​​the urgency of implementing Islamic teachings in educating and raising children in the digital era, which is full of various challenges.

Education is a fundamental human right that must be guaranteed for every child without discrimination. In Indonesia, particularly in the Ambon region, educational inequality remains a serious challenge influenced by geographical, socio-economic, and structural factors. Children from impoverished families and remote areas often lack access to adequate education due to limited facilities, low-quality teaching staff, and inadequate technological infrastructure. This situation not only hinders children’s potential development but also perpetuates cycles of poverty and social injustice. Data from the Ministry of Education and Culture (2021) indicates low basic education participation rates and high dropout rates in Maluku and Ambon. In response, the church in Ambon, as highlighted by Joseph Lourine Since (2023), plays a strategic role through the Marginalized Children’s Development School (Sekolah Pembinaan Anak Marginal - SPAM), an alternative education program integrating academic learning with Christian character and spiritual formation. This initiative embodies the preferential option for the poor principle in liberation theology, as developed by Gustavo Gutiérrez, positioning the church as an advocate for the marginalized in its social and moral mission. This abstract recommends strengthening the church’s role in education through multisectoral collaboration to create a more just and inclusive education system for marginalized children.

Independent Community Service Program (KKN) is a form of student community service that aims to apply knowledge practically in the field. This activity was carried out by students of the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra with the theme "Building Student Financial Awareness Through Education and Socialization in Schools. " This program aims to improve financial understanding among students from Elementary and High Schools in Perkebunan Gunung Melayu Village, Rahuning District, Asahan Regency. The methods applied include interactive socialization, educational games, and quizzes to stimulate students' interest and understanding of the importance of saving and managing finances from an early age. The results of this activity show that students begin to recognize the basic concepts of financial management, including how to distinguish between needs and desires, the significance of saving, and the application of Islamic financial principles in daily routines. In addition, this activity also serves to increase public understanding of the importance of financial education for children. The main element that facilitates the implementation of activities is support from educational institutions, village governments, and local communities, while the main challenge faced is the lack of attention of elementary school students caused by their habits that still prefer to play. Overall, this KKN program has a positive impact on increasing students' financial awareness and has the potential to be a simple financial education model at the elementary and secondary school levels

This community service activity aims to foster the religious character of the community in Timbang Langkat Village through an Islamic literacy program. This program is implemented as a form of contribution from the Real Work Lecture (KKN) students in strengthening religious values in the community by increasing interest in reading, understanding, and practicing Islamic teachings contextually. The activity method is carried out with an approach implemented through counseling, religious studies, group discussions, and relevant, good and correct worship guidance according to the sunnah. The results of the implementation of the activity show a sense of enthusiasm from the community in participating in the literacy activities carried out, as well as the emergence of positive changes in the religious nature and behavior of children and the surrounding community, such as increased awareness of worship, social concern, and enthusiasm for learning worship such as prayer and tilawah. In addition, this activity also fosters a sense of togetherness between students and the community in building an environment with an Islamic character. The continued impact of this activity is seen from the formation of small study groups that independently continue Islamic literacy activities after the program ends. Thus, this Islamic literacy-based community service has proven effective as a means of developing sustainable religious character in the community, while strengthening the synergy between the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra and the Timbang Langkat Village community in developing local potential based on Islamic values.

The Hospital Management Information Sistem (SIMRS) is a key component in the digital transformation of healthcare services, aiming to enhance efficiency and service quality. This study evaluates the implementation of SIMRS at Mutiara Bunda Mother and Child Hospital and explores the challenges and opportunities for improvement. A qualitative case study approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews involving five key informants, including the medical records head, medical service manager, registration officers, and IT staff. The results show that the SIMRS covers registration, procedure input, laboratory, and pharmacy functions. However, issues such as delayed data entry by medical staff, limited equipment, lack of integration across service units, and absence of written user guidelines and regular training persist. The study concludes that although the SIMRS is in use at RSIA Mutiara Bunda, sistem optimization, staff capacity building, and stronger managerial support are crucial to fully realize its potential in improving service quality.

Early childhood education (ECE) demands imaginative and inventive approaches to guarantee that children are actively involved and undergo significant learning in line with their developmental phases. The swift advancement of technology has made interactive video a valuable tool for enhancing ECE learning, especially when integrated with local cultural material. This research examines the use of the interactive video Wajanus (Warung Jajanan Nusantara) in Class B of Mutiara Hati Kindergarten Ponorogo, aimed at familiarizing children with Indonesian traditional snacks while also enhancing their cognitive, social, linguistic, and cultural values. A qualitative descriptive method was utilized, involving participatory observation, semi-structured interviews with parents and teachers, along with documentation via photos, videos, and field notes. Data analysis adhered to the model proposed by Miles and Huberman, encompassing data reduction, data presentation, and thematic conclusion formulation. The results indicate that utilizing Wajanus improved children's involvement in cognitive, emotional, and motor skills while promoting greater learning motivation. Children recognized numbers, shapes, and new vocabulary more efficiently, and they exhibited a positive attitude toward the local cultural heritage presented in the video. However, challenges were noted, including differing degrees of child involvement, the demand for extensive teacher assistance, and inadequate educational resources. In summary, interactive videos grounded in local culture like Wajanus are successful in enhancing early childhood education quality while also reinforcing children’s character education and cultural identity, and they possess significant potential for duplication in other ECE institutions throughout Indonesia

Children development in the digital era confronts substantial challenges stemming from rapid technological advancements. Children of the current generation, specifically Gen Z and Post Gen Z, are immersed in digital technology from a young age. Early childhood represents a demographic highly susceptible to the detrimental influences of digital media. Consequently, it is imperative to ensure that digital media utilized in early childhood education not only effectively fosters children's skills and knowledge but also remains secure and avoids producing adverse outcomes. This community service project purpose is to provide children with healthy internet literacy and to conduct training on creating digital content for them. This activity's focus was on managers and children of Mizan Amanah Orphanage for Orphans and the Poor in Surakarta. Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach was utilized, with the goal community empowering by leveraging its inherent potential and resources. Implementation phases involved a needs assessment (Discovery), defining aspirations (Dream), creating the training module (Design), finalizing a plan through a Focus Group Discussion (Define), and executing the training (Destiny). The processed questionnaires from all participants concluded that workshop material was highly beneficial and tutor's delivery was satisfactory. 63% of participants were satisfied, and 32% were very satisfied.

This study discusses the importance of parental social support in career planning for deaf children, who have communication limitations and need special assistance in developing their potential. This study was conducted because parents often experience anxiety about the future of their deaf-speech disabled children, especially in determining appropriate career paths. This study aims to describe forms of parental social support in the process of children's career planning. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with four parents of deaf students at SLB Asuhan Kasih Kupang. The results of the thematic analysis show that emotional, informative, and modeling support are the main forms of support provided by parents. Other supporting factors include the school environment, the exploration of children's interests, and parental expectations. These findings emphasize the importance of active parental involvement in optimally preparing children with hearing disabilities for their careers.

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of introducing sign language for the hijaiyah letters in the learning process for deaf children at the Dharma Wanita Special Needs School in Situbondo based on the experiences of female PPL students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews. The subjects of the study were 5 female PPL students who directly taught the hijaiyah letters using sign language and 1 supervising teacher at the PPL location, namely at the Dharma Wanita Special Needs School in Situbondo. The results of the study indicate that the use of sign language for the hijaiyah letters is effective in helping deaf children recognize and understand Arabic letters, especially through a visual approach and consistent hand movements. Teachers also expressed that learning became more interesting and participatory. However, there are several challenges such as limited media and the need for longer time in delivering the material. This study concludes that sign language for the hijaiyah letters is a potential alternative learning strategy for deaf children.

This study aims to analyze the negative impact of learning pressure on early childhood development at Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Mawadah Warahmah Medan. The background of this research is based on the increasing academic demands on early childhood, particularly in reading, writing, and arithmetic skills, which are often inconsistent with their developmental stages. The research employed a qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that learning pressure negatively affects several aspects of child development, such as causing learning stress, reducing intrinsic motivation, limiting creativity, and hindering social- emotional growth. These findings emphasize that early childhood education should focus on play-based approaches, exploration, and holistic potential development rather than solely on academic achievement. The contribution of this research is expected to provide valuable insights for teachers, parents, and educational institutions regarding the importance of reducing academic pressure and implementing learning methods aligned with the principles of early childhood education.

Indonesia's rapid population growth, particularly among adolescents, has raised concerns regarding its social and reproductive health implications, including rising rates of unintended pregnancies, premarital sexual activity, and the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In response to these issues, the government issued Government Regulation (GR) No. 28 of 2024 as a derivative of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health. One of its provisions regulates the provision of contraceptives for school-aged children and adolescents. This study aims to examine the implications of this provision in relation to religious values, social morality, and the direction of national health policy. The research employs a normative qualitative approach using juridical-philosophical analysis, along with an assessment of public responses, religious leaders’ perspectives, and the views of state institutions regarding the regulation. The findings indicate that Article 103 paragraph (4) letter e has sparked controversy due to the use of the term "provision," which is perceived as ambiguous and contradictory to religious norms particularly Islamic teachings and is viewed as potentially legitimizing premarital sexual behavior among students. These findings highlight the necessity for the government to reassess regulations that conflict with religious and local cultural values. Furthermore, the study advocates for strengthening preventive reproductive health education grounded in religious and moral principles, rather than directly providing contraceptives within school settings.