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This study aims to evaluate the financial performance of PT Akasha Wira International Tbk during the period 2022 to 2024 using profitability ratio analysis. The ratios analyzed include Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Operating Profit Margin (OPM), and Net Profit Margin (NPM). The data used is sourced from official financial statements published through the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. Based on the results of the analysis, the company's financial performance is generally relatively good and shows stability over the past three years. This is reflected in the consistency of the profitability ratio which is at a favorable level, indicating the effectiveness of the company in managing assets, its own capital, production costs, and operational activities. Further analysis shows that the Return on Assets and Return on Equity show a stable trend with a slight increase, which indicates efficiency in asset utilization and capital management. Gross Profit Margin and Operating Profit Margin also show positive trends, indicating efficiency in managing production costs and operational activities. Net Profit Margin, although slightly volatile, remains within a range that reflects good profitability. In addition, the results of this evaluation also indicate that the company has the ability to adapt to market changes and dynamic economic conditions. The ability to maintain profit margins in the midst of economic fluctuations shows the resilience of the business model and operational strategy applied. These findings provide an idea that PT Akasha Wira International Tbk has been able to maintain a healthy performance despite being in a competitive business environment. Thus, the results of this evaluation can be used as a basis for strategic considerations by management in preparing long-term financial plans and decision-making, as well as a reference for investors in assessing the company's prospects.

This study aims to analyze the influence of business capital, product pricing, and the utilization of e-commerce on the income of micro culinary business actors in Denpasar City. The background of this research is based on the crucial role of micro enterprises in economic development, particularly in the culinary sector, which is one of the largest contributors to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Denpasar City. Despite the sector's significant growth, increasing competition and uneven adoption of technology remain key challenges in improving business income. This study employs a quantitative approach with an associative research design. The population includes micro culinary business actors spread across the four districts of Denpasar City. The sample was determined proportionally using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique, and respondents were selected using accidental sampling to ensure broad representation. Primary data were collected through direct observation and structured questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from relevant government institutions such as the Department of Cooperatives and MSMEs and the Central Statistics Agency. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression, supported by classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity), the F-test to determine the simultaneous influence of the variables, and the t-test to analyze the partial influence of each independent variable on income. The findings indicate that simultaneously, business capital, pricing, and e-commerce significantly influence the income of micro business actors. Partially, each of these variables also shows a positive and significant effect. Business capital provides the foundation for operational activities, pricing affects consumer demand and competitiveness, while e-commerce broadens market reach and improves efficiency. These results highlight the importance of strategic financial management, appropriate pricing strategies, and the adoption of digital platforms to support income growth and sustainability of micro culinary enterprises in Denpasar City.

This study aims to explore the perceptions of students, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and the general public regarding the role of the Merah Putih Cooperative in supporting and strengthening economic development. Cooperatives are recognized as important economic institutions that promote collective welfare, particularly for small-scale entrepreneurs. This research adopts a descriptive survey method, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 respondents representing students, MSME actors, and community members. The data were analyzed using descriptive techniques to capture respondents’ views on the cooperative’s contribution to economic activities. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents perceive the Merah Putih Cooperative as playing a significant and strategic role in supporting the growth of micro-enterprises. The cooperative is considered effective in expanding business networks, facilitating cooperation among members, and contributing to improvements in members’ economic welfare. In addition, respondents believe that the cooperative helps strengthen local economic resilience by encouraging mutual support and shared economic interests. However, the study also reveals several challenges that need to be addressed. Respondents highlighted the need for improvements in service efficiency, organizational management, and access to capital to ensure that the cooperative’s benefits are distributed more evenly. Strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing transparency, and increasing financial accessibility are essential steps to optimize the role of the Merah Putih Cooperative in sustainable economic development.

This study aims to analyze the influence of accounting knowledge, business capital, and business length on the success of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Tandes District, Surabaya City. The background of this research is based on the importance of financial management skills, sufficient capital availability, and business experience in supporting the sustainability and growth of MSMEs. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to MSME actors who are registered and domiciled in Tandes District. The sample criteria include fostered MSME actors who have been running their businesses for at least three years and marketing their own products. The number of respondents who were successfully collected in this study was 105 people. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS software version 23.0. The results of the study show that the variables of accounting knowledge, business capital, and business duration simultaneously or partially have a positive and significant effect on the success of MSME businesses in Tandes District. Accounting knowledge helps business actors in managing finances and recording transactions systematically. Adequate business capital is an important factor in business development and increasing production capacity. Meanwhile, the length of the business reflects the accumulation of experience and practical knowledge that can improve managerial efficiency and effectiveness. Thus, these three variables have a strategic role in increasing the success of MSMEs. This finding provides an implication that MSME empowerment programs should be focused on improving accounting literacy, wider access to capital, and long-term business assistance. Local governments and related institutions can take these results into consideration in designing policies that support the sustainable growth of MSMEs.

The role of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is very significant for the growth of Indonesia’s economy, accounting for 99% of all business units. The development of MSMEs in Blitar Regency has experienced significant growth in terms of both the number of entrepreneurs and revenue. The objectives of this research are (1) to identify and analyze the potential of the creative economy in the development of MSMEs in Blitar Regency, (2) to formulate appropriate strategies to enhance the competitiveness and growth of MSMEs in the creative economy sector in Blitar Regency. The approach used in this research is a phenomenological qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and structured interviews conducted with key informants of this study, such as MSMEs actors, local government officials from the Department of Industry and Trade, and the Cooperative Office. The data analysis technique was conducted using data triangulation with the following steps: data collection, data analysis, conclusion, and data validation. The research results show that the creative economy model used by the local government in developing MSMEs in Blitar Regency includes the utilization of ideas and creativity, strengthening MSMEs through digitalization, business mentoring, development of superior products, and connection with the people's economy. The challenges in the development of MSMEs include increasingly tight market competition both online and offline; limited access to capital; limited access to digital technology; lack of understanding of business management; limited product innovation; ineffective marketing; and business legality. The strategies implemented include enhancing digital marketing, improving product and service quality, strengthening business capital, increasing capacity and skills, utilizing technology, promoting and marketing products, and strengthening institutions and governance.

MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) are one of the main drivers of Indonesia’s economy. However, many MSMEs still face limited access to financing. One traditional Balinese culinary product that attracts tourists is ayam betutu, which represents the MSME sector. This study aims to analyze the influence of own capital, business duration, working hours, and e-commerce on the income of ayam betutu culinary MSMEs in Denpasar City, both simultaneously and partially. This research employs a quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis. The sample was determined using purposive sampling, with criteria including MSMEs engaged in traditional culinary businesses with ayam betutu as their main product and those that utilize e-commerce in their business operations. A total of 70 ayam betutu culinary MSME actors in Denpasar City were included. The findings reveal that, simultaneously, own capital, business duration, working hours, and e-commerce have a significant effect on MSME income. Partially, own capital, business duration, and e-commerce have a positive and significant effect on income, whereas working hours do not have a significant partial effect. The implication of this study is that MSME actors need to improve their capacity in capital management, maintain business continuity, and optimize e-commerce utilization to increase income. The government is expected to support MSMEs through financial and digital literacy training, institutional strengthening, and the facilitation of mentoring programs and sustainable access to financing.

Firm value is a fundamental indicator of a company's success in generating shareholder wealth and is often presumed to be influenced by various internal factors, including capital structure and profitability. This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between capital structure and profitability with firm value. A quantitative approach was employed using an associative research design. The study population included all companies listed in the LQ45 Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2023 period. Using a saturated sampling technique, a total of 135 observational data points were initially obtained. After eliminating 12 outlier data points, the final sample consisted of 123 observations. The research utilized secondary data in the form of annual financial statements of the sample companies, which were downloaded from the official IDX website (www.idx.co.id). To test the proposed hypotheses, the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the SPSS application. The results show that capital structure does not have a significant relationship with firm value (p-value = 0.064). This finding indicates that, in the context of this study, the company's debt-to-equity composition does not significantly affect its perceived value in the market. However, profitability was found to have a positive and significant relationship with firm value (p-value = 0.003). This suggests that profitability serves as an effective signal for investors in determining firm value, while capital structure does not. In practical terms, company management is advised to focus on enhancing profitability and strengthening business fundamentals, innovation, and good corporate governance as value drivers. Meanwhile, investors are encouraged to conduct a more comprehensive analysis, placing greater emphasis on profitability.

Baitul Mal Wattamwil (BMT) is a microfinance institution in its operations based on sharia principles, its existence is very strategic for the development of micro businesses that are not touched by the services of commercial banks both conventional and sharia, because they are less bankable. . BMT Amanah Madinah, which is located in Ngeni Village, Waru Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency, has been serving micro entrepreneurs in helping with capital. These services make BMT Amanah Madinah continue to improve for the better. One form of improvement is the holding of training in the preparation of sharia contracts for administrators and employees. The hope is that after the training the management and employees will be able, understand and apply it in daily practice, so that the contracts used are in accordance with sharia. the purpose of this activity is to improve the ability of BMT administrators and employees in the preparation of sharia contracts that are in accordance with customer needs and their application in daily practice. The training program for the preparation of contracts for administrators and employees of Baitul Mal Wattamwil (BMT) Amanah Madinah Waru Sidoarjo, was carried out well and smoothly according to plan, and most participants were able to receive the material well. Participants were enthusiastic about the activities as indicated by the liveliness of the participants in the activity process.

This community service activity aims to improve basic accounting literacy for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through financial recording training and simple financial report making. Many MSME actors do not have a neat bookkeeping system, making it difficult to find out net income and access financing from financial institutions. Therefore, the introduction of simple accounting is a strategic step to encourage more professional and sustainable business management. This activity was carried out by a team of lecturers accompanied by students, with a participatory approach and based on direct practice. The training material includes basic understanding of accounting, recording daily transactions, preparing income statements, and simulating the use of financial statements for working capital submissions. Through this method, it is hoped that there will be an effective and applicable transfer of knowledge from academics to the public. The results of the activity showed that participants were able to understand the importance of financial recording and began to implement a simple bookkeeping system in their business operations. In addition, participants also showed increased confidence in compiling financial statements that can be used as supporting documents in applying for financing to cooperatives, banks, or other financial institutions. This activity not only provides practical benefits for MSME actors, but also strengthens the role of universities in community economic empowerment. In the future, similar activities can be developed with the integration of digital technology to support more efficient and accurate financial recording.

Plantation agriculture encompasses all activities involving the cultivation of specific crops and the commercialization of their products and services, supported by science, technology, capital, and management, with the aim of improving the welfare of plantation business actors and the wider community. This study aims to analyze the production scale, input elasticity, and factors affecting clove production in Umejero Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency. Given the high dependence of farmers on harvest outcomes and price fluctuations, this analysis is essential to understand the impact of economic and agronomic variables such as working capital, labor, land area, and selling price on production output. The study employs a quantitative method using multiple linear regression based on the Cobb-Douglas production function. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with clove farmers in Umejero Village using purposive sampling. The results indicate that all four variables simultaneously have a significant effect on clove production, with each variable also having a partial positive influence. The analysis of production scale shows increasing returns to scale, meaning that a proportional increase in all input factors leads to a more than proportional increase in output. The elasticity analysis indicates that capital input is elastic, suggesting that a small increase in capital leads to a disproportionately large increase in output. In contrast, labor, land area, and selling price are inelastic, implying that increases in these inputs result in only modest increases in output. These findings highlight the need for solid policy foundations and strategic initiatives to enhance clove productivity both at the farmer and local government levels. Furthermore, the study’s results are expected to assist farmers in making more informed and sustainable decisions in farm management, ultimately contributing to the improved welfare of clove-farming communities in the region.  

MSMEs are the backbone of the Indonesian economy. To maintain the continuity of their business, MSMEs must have good and correct financial report management. MSME financial reports tend to be simple and ignore financial administration rules. This research aims to create and compile financial reports in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) for the Berkah Laris Frozen Food UMKM in Malang. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data sources used are primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data in the form of documentation. The results of the research are the presentation of an income statement showing operating profit, a change in capital report showing capital at the end of 2024, a financial position report showing the amount of assets owned equal to the total of liabilities and capital, and notes to the financial report which presents a general overview, an overview of important accounting policies, retained earnings and sales revenue for the period 31 December 2024.

This research aims to examine the Islamic economic perspective on home-based businesses in improving the welfare of the people on Miang Island, as well as tracing their development and supporting and inhibiting factors. The method used is field research with a qualitative approach and descriptive techniques, with data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation from primary and secondary sources. The results show that home-based businesses make a real contribution to improving the community's economy by utilizing local potential and applying Islamic values such as honesty, trustworthiness, and fairness in their management. This business is growing rapidly and has become the main alternative to increase family income, while encouraging local economic empowerment. Family support in running the business provides efficiency and strengthens the sense of community, and is supported by community loyalty as regular customers. However, challenges faced include limited capital to expand the business, instability in raw material prices, and competition from larger businesses. These constraints often prevent businesses from increasing their production capacity and reaching a wider market.

This study aims to identify the success of freshwater fish farming in increasing community income and to assess the economic impact of the community through freshwater fish farming on increasing community income in Sei Ijum Raya Village, East Kotawaringin Regency. This study starts from research preparation, data collection, data processing, to processing the results. The data collected are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained through direct observation and interviews with freshwater fish farming business managers using a questionnaire and interview list. Secondary data is obtained from literature studies, related agencies, the Swadaya Service and other sources that can support this research. In the freshwater fish farming business in Sei Ijum Raya Village, the marketing strategy implemented includes sales to permanent collectors, local markets, and local collectors at varying prices, which still generate profits. The results of the study showed that income from freshwater fish farming reached IDR 30,000,000 per year, although it was still lower than the income of fish-ermen which averaged IDR 60,000,000 per year. The economic impact of this business increased by 50% per year, allowing farmers to meet the economic needs of their families. Although the community operates with their own capital and limited knowledge, significant harvest success and increasing market demand indicate that good management can increase yields. This study also found that the difference in success between farmers who have capital and those who do not have capital reached 30%, confirming the importance of access to capital in improving the economic welfare of the community

This research aims to examine the Islamic economic perspective on home-based businesses in improving the welfare of the people on Miang Island, as well as tracing their development and supporting and inhibiting factors. The method used is field research with a qualitative approach and descriptive techniques, with data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation from primary and secondary sources. The results show that home-based businesses make a real contribution to improving the community's economy by utilizing local potential and applying Islamic values such as honesty, trustworthiness, and fairness in their management. This business is growing rapidly and has become the main alternative to increase family income, while encouraging local economic empowerment. Family support in running the business provides efficiency and strengthens the sense of community, and is supported by community loyalty as regular customers. However, challenges faced include limited capital to expand the business, instability in raw material prices, and competition from larger businesses. These constraints often prevent businesses from increasing their production capacity and reaching a wider market.

This study aims to analyze financial statements as a tool to assess the financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk for the period 2020–2023. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, this research calculates key financial ratios, including liquidity ratios (current ratio), solvency ratios (debt to equity ratio), activity ratios (total asset turnover), and profitability ratios (net profit margin). The results show that the current ratio experienced a declining trend from 66.09% in 2020 to 55.16% in 2023, reflecting a weakening ability of the company to meet its short-term liabilities. The debt to equity ratio increased from 315.90% in 2020 to 392.85% in 2023, indicating a high dependence on debt financing. Meanwhile, the total asset turnover improved from 315.90% in 2020 to 392.85% in 2023, suggesting better efficiency in utilizing assets to generate sales. However, the net profit margin declined from 16.42% in 2020 to 12.26% in 2023, signaling a decrease in the company's effectiveness in converting sales into net profit. Based on these findings, PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk is advised to enhance the management of current assets, strengthen its capital structure by reducing reliance on debt, and thoroughly evaluate cost control and marketing strategies to improve profitability and ensure business sustainability in the future.   

Securities companies are one of the key pillars in the capital market system. The performance of securities companies can be influenced by dynamic market conditions, particularly the fluctuations of Bitcoin, Indonesia Composite Index (ICI), and gold prices. This study aims to analyze the influence of Bitcoin, ICI, and gold prices on the financial performance of securities companies in Indonesia. The financial performance is measured using the profitability ratio, Net Profit Margin (NPM). The sample consists of quarterly secondary data from 24 securities companies that meet the research criteria during the 2021–2024 period. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression after passing classical assumption tests. The results show that gold prices have a negative and significant effect on the NPM of securities companies, while Bitcoin and ICI had no effect. This indicates that an increase in gold prices tends to be followed by a decrease in the NPM of securities companies, and vice versa. This research is expected to assist the management of securities companies in formulating business strategies and risk management that are more responsive to fluctuations in Bitcoin, ICI, and gold prices.  

This research is conducted using the normative juridical method and aims to analyse the impact of the enactment of the Perppu on the regulation of non-minimum authorised capital in the establishment of a limited liability company. The Perppu on Job Creation changes several important aspects of the Limited Liability Company Law, including the elimination of the minimum authorised capital requirement. While these changes are intended to ease the establishment of micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM) and adapt to economic and technological developments, there are concerns regarding their impact on creditor protection and public confidence in limited liability companies established without clear authorised capital. The results show that the lack of clarity regarding authorised capital may negatively impact the company's credibility, access to financing, and legal protection. This change can also reduce trust from external parties such as investors, creditors, and business partners, and create uncertainty among employees and management.

The property and real estate sector is one of the business sectors that makes a significant contribution to the country's economic turnover and growth. With the ever-evolving challenges, companies in the property and real estate sector must adapt their business strategies to remain competitive amidst uncertain market conditions. Therefore, innovation in resource management and efforts to enhance operational efficiency are essential to drive optimal profitability. This study aims to examine the effect of good corporate governance, proxied by the board of directors and audit committee, intellectual capital, firm size, and company growth on company profitability. This research utilizes secondary data sourced from the annual reports of property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021–2023 period. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method based on specific criteria, resulting in a total of 50 companies as observations. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software with a multiple linear regression method. The results indicate that the board of directors, audit committee, intellectual capital, and company growth do not have a significant effect on company profitability, whereas firm size has a positive and significant effect on company profitability.

Community service on financial literacy with the aim of changing the mindset and behavior of business actors in managing their businesses has been carried out. The community service method used is based on lectures and training on financial management; both in planning programs based on financial capabilities, implementing programs and evaluating programs that have been created. The results of the community service show that business actors, especially BUMDes Zansibar managers, have understood how to utilize the capital they have to plan superior BUMDes programs. In addition, with this community service they can make simple financial reports in reporting organizational performance as a form of transparency in organizational management.

This study aims to analyze the impact of Mekar Bank loans on the economic well-being of clients and the implementation of sustainable economic principles in financing. The method used is a qualitative approach with case studies conducted in several regions of Indonesia, particularly in the researcher's village, Blimbing, Kesambi, Besuki, Situbondo, where the program is implemented. The results of this study show that Mekar Bank loans have provided easier access to financing aligned with sustainable economic principles, contributing to increased income and improved living standards, especially among women. However, the study also identifies several challenges in the program's implementation, including a lack of client understanding regarding sustainable economic principles and effective financial management. To enhance the program's effectiveness, additional education on sustainable principles and financial management is necessary. Thus, Mekar Bank loans serve not only as a financing tool but also as a means of economic empowerment. These loans also encourage clients to adopt more sustainable business practices, such as the use of sustainable business capital. Therefore, Mekar Bank loans help promote economic growth while also fostering sustainable economic development, ensuring that the positive impacts of these loans continue and extend to more segments of society.