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Manners or manners are one of the most important and influential things in social life. For example, when a student talks to someone with a cell phone or gadget. So to avoid unwanted activities when a student contacts the lecturer via gadget, a standard is made regarding the rules for communicating through gadgets properly and politely. This research generally discusses the problem of students' lack of understanding about the rules of communicating with lecturers using gadgets. Based on these problems, a design was made that aims to provide information and understanding to students about the rules for communicating between students and lecturers using gadgets. In this design, the media that will be used as a media campaign is a poster. This study uses observations on how students communicate with lecturers using gadgets as well as literature studies on the theory of visual design communication media campaigns in the form of posters. With the results of research based on the aspects and theories used, it is hoped that it can enrich the repertoire of visual communication science in the design of social campaigns as a reference for subsequent studies. Keywords: social campaigns, gadgets, posters.

Introduction: Mother's Milk is the best life liquid that is needed by babies which contains various substances that are important for the growth and development of babies and in accordance with their needs. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding for babies is like nutrition in general, breast milk contains components of macro and micro nutrients. Macronutrients are carbohydrates, protein and fat, while micronutrients are vitamins and minerals. Each component of breast milk has its own benefits for the baby's growth. The lack of exclusive breastfeeding can be caused by various conditions, demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors greatly determine the continuity of breastfeeding. Objective: To determine the factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: The method used in this study is the narrative review method with literature sourced from the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Results: Of the 7 articles, there are 5 articles that discuss internal factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Internal factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding according to the 5 articles reviewed are knowledge, education, occupation, age, attitude and parity. And from 7 articles there are 4 articles that discuss external factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding. External factors that influence mothers in giving exclusive breastfeeding according to the 4 reviewed journals are social culture, family support and support from health workers. Conclusion: Based on the 7 articles presented, it indicates that there are so many factors that trigger mothers not to give exclusive breastfeeding, both internal factors that come from the mother herself and external factors that come from outside the mother herself.

This research analyzes two monologue scripts by renowned writer Putu Wijaya, titled "Aeng" and "Are We Already Free?" using an objective approach and qualitative research method. Literature is considered as a mirror of society that reflects human life, while drama and theater are seen as forms of portraying human life in a performance. Monologue, as a type of drama performed by a single actor, is the main focus of this study. Through the analysis of themes, plot, setting, and messages conveyed in the monologue scripts, this research aims to enrich understanding of literature, the genre of drama and theater, as well as the techniques and strategies employed in monologues. The implications of this research include a deeper understanding of the portrayal of life in literature, expanded knowledge of Putu Wijaya's literary works, comprehension of monologues as a performance form, a more objective perspective in understanding and appreciating literary works, and a more profound and contextual understanding of themes, plot, setting, and messages within the monologue scripts. This study is expected to contribute to the enrichment of literary and dramatic understanding and provide deeper insights into monologues as a form of performance.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the causes of learning difficulties for elementary school students in learning mathematics, and to find out what materials students think are difficult to understand in learning mathematics. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The aim of the research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to evaluate, review and recognize relevant research so as to be able to answer questions on the specified research. The results of the study show that the factors causing learning difficulties for elementary school students in learning mathematics are, that internal factors include (1) Interest, students who are less interested in participating in mathematics learning, plus students in the class who are less focused and serious in participating in the teaching and learning process as seen by students always leads to the outside of the class when the teacher explains the material, (2) Factors of students' learning habits, less precise learning of students who only study when there is a test (3) Health factors of students, can affect the level of concentration of students in learning mathematics, if the student body is lacking healthy then it can affect student learning outcomes.

Lean is a concept and technique for systems that optimizes patient benefit by decreasing waste and waiting time. The literature review approach is used in this study to acquire research data, with internet searches serving as a supplementary tool while looking for relevant papers. According to the study findings, mean hospital length of stay (LOS) fell by 24% throughout the intervention period in 259 patients with PMV (131 pre-intervention; 128 post-intervention) (29 vs. 22 days, p 0.001). This demonstrates that clinical redesign based on Lean Six Sigma decreases LOS in intensive care units. Other studies show that utilizing Lean Six Sigma has resulted in a 57% reduction in length of stay and an 88% reduction in the identification of non-value added tasks. Lean management in hospitals is a step toward greater service efficiency that has been shown to outperform Total Quality Management (TQM) and Plan, Do, Check, Action (PDCA) improvements. Customers and their families gain from shorter wait times, as do healthcare employees (medical, emergency, and non-medical) and hospital administration. The use of the lean six sigma approach in conjunction with the DMAIC cycle effects LOS reduction, indicating that lean six sigma can reduce LOS in hospitals.

Tourism has a goal of helping the country's economy. Therefore it is necessary to develop tourism that can help local people by creating jobs and increasing regional income. Tourism development can be carried out in areas that have tourism potential, such as in Wonosalam Village, Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency. One of them is the Kebon Kopi tourist attraction located in Sumber Gogor, Mangirejo Hamlet, Wonosalam Village, where there is a program to develop coffee gardens as camping ground locations to increase its natural tourism potential. The research method uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and literature review. The results of the discussion show that the development of the camping ground in Wonosalam Village, Dusun Mangirejo requires a coffee plantation development strategy with the concept of attracting tourists or visitors and opening up the tourism economy.  

This research was conducted to find out about "child-friendly schools in elementary schools". The purpose of the research is to guarantee efforts to fulfill children's rights and minimize the occurrence of acts of violence against children and provide quality education for children. This study uses a type of qualitative research. The method used in this study uses a library research method or approach. The data collection technique used in this article is to review journals, books, and literature articles that are appropriate to the research problem. The findings from the data collection process are documented to then be analyzed and presented descriptively. The hopes to be achieved from this research are 1.) to be able to find out the effectiveness of child-friendly schools in realizing the hopes of the nation. 2.) aims to provide strengthening, understanding and instilling and implementing Pancasila values. 3.) provide knowledge and understanding to children/students to practice and implement Pancasila values.

In economic activities, welfare is the main thing for the community. This welfare can be seen by the ability of the community to fulfill their daily needs. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are productive businesses that are owned and managed by individuals or business entities that have met the criteria as micro-enterprises. With the existence of MSMEs, fulfilling these needs becomes more easily accessible to people throughout Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the economy. MSMEs have an important role in creating economic growth, employment, and reducing social inequality. In this journal, we present a comprehensive literature review on the contribution of MSMEs to the economy and the factors that influence the success of MSMEs. We also discuss policy initiatives that support the development of MSMEs and provide recommendations for increasing the role of MSMEs in the economy.   Keywords: The Role of MSMEs, State Economic Welfare, Community Welfare  

One of the discussions on the comparison of public administration is about the comparison of staffing system. This journal discusses a comparison between the Indonesian and Japanese staffing systems in the recruitment, promotion and rotation system. This aims to deepen knowledge related to the civil service system both in Indonesia and in Japan and to find some good lessons for the civil service system in Indonesia. This study uses a type of literature review and secondary data sources that describe theories and information both past and present.

This study aims to analyze the STEAM approach based on Busy Book media in increasing learning effectiveness. We will explore the effect of using Busy Books on students' conceptual understanding, learning motivation, critical thinking skills, and problem solving abilities. In addition, we will also identify the advantages and limitations of this approach. In this study, we will use a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. Literature study, also known as literature review or literature review, is a systematic process of gathering, evaluating, and analyzing literature sources that are relevant to a particular research topic. A literature study is conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of previous research, existing thoughts and findings, and knowledge gaps that still need to be filled.      

This research examines change management in an Islamic perspective. The research method used is a qualitative approach using literature studies and theoretical analysis. Through an in-depth understanding of related literature, concepts and principles of change management that are appropriate to the context of Islamic education are identified. In this study, data will be collected through literature studies which include books, journals, articles, and other reliable sources related to change management from an Islamic perspective. Change management is an effort made by a leader or manager in subordinating a plan, coordination, direction, control/supervision to achieve goals or objectives that can make an organization or institution better than yesterday to achieve goals. Change Management in Islamic perspective consists of phases namely human, development.

The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the relationship between breakfast habits and the learning concentration of elementary school students. The method used in this study is the systematic literature review (SLR) method which aims to dig up information about how much research has done on the topic of the effect of breakfast on the level of learning concentration for elementary school students. Systematic literature review is a technique that systematically examines research on a particular topic by identifying, assessing, selecting, and compiling questions that will be specifically discussed according to predetermined criteria, based on previous research that is of high quality and relevant to the question under study. Based on the results, it was shown that of the four journals that had been analyzed, two journals did not have a significant relationship and the other two journals had a significant relationship between breakfast habits and the learning concentration of elementary school students.

Currently, many industrial companies are growing rapidly and significantly. One indicator of a company's success is the ability to sustain. This means that companies need to have added value that refers to strategic alignment, interconnection of companies and supply chain partners. An integrated supply chain will increase the overall value generated. This shows that companies must meet consumer demand by working together to produce cheap, timely, and high-quality products. The purpose of this study is to get an overview of how much influence the implementation of supply chain integration has on improving the performance of industrial companies. This research uses a literature study method with literature searches, namely Google Scholar and Pubmed, selected between 2019-2022. The results of this study were obtained from eight research articles that fit the keywords and inclusion criteria. This study shows that supply chain integration provides supply chain visibility and overall operating performance. This research can be concluded that supply chain integration has a direct effect on company performance. Thus, the higher the supply chain integration, it will provide better supply chain performance and certainly an increase in performance in industrial companies in producing a product.

The development of information technology brought a lot of impact on education, both positive and negative impacts. One positive impact is involved the development of instructional media for school students. This study takes a case study at SMK Grafika Bakti Nusantara Semarang.Proses data collection using interviews, observation and literature study. Dsesign in this study using ADDIE method approach. Results of this research is an interactive multimedia used by students to study the structure of earth and rock interactively. The animation and music will help the students to reduce boredom in the learning process. In learning media earth and rock structure is also equipped with a quiz that can be accessed directly by students to measure the level of students' understanding of the material structure of the earth and rocks are studied. Material quiz built using database that allows administrators to update the material question.

The calculation and recovery of production costs is greatlypinfluenced by the application of the method. As a result, production costs will show the actual value. This research was conducted at MSMEs in Sidoarjo, especially those engaged in pecel seasoning processing. This study aims to analyze the method of determining the cost of goods sold and cost allocation applied by MSMEs in Sidoarjo by calculating production costs according to the full costingrmethod. The type of4data used is qualitativeydata presented in descriptive or description form and quantitativerdata presented in numerical form. The source of data is primarysdata obtained from interviewszconducted with pecel seasoning business managers in Sidoarjo and secondary data derived from literaturepstudies and other publications that support the writing of this research. The results explain that the full costing method is suitable for analyzing production costs because it includes all general costs, fixed costs, and variable costs in the production9process.

The implementation of E-government in Indonesia is currently still being accelerated in order to realize the creation of Good Government. All aspects needed to implement E-government continue to be improved, including the E-procurement sector. Transjakarta cares is one of the service programs provided by Transjakarta which aims to make it easier for people with disabilities in DKI Jakarta to use public transportation. This service aims to make DKI Jakarta an inclusive city which means DKI Jakarta is a livable province for all people, including people with disabilities. This research was conducted by means of a literature study by taking data from literacy sources. This breakthrough service carried out by Transjakarta has received a lot of support from various parties, including the private sector. Support in the form of assistance has been carried out, such as providing vehicles for implementation to revitalizing access to bus stops carried out by the regional government to make it easier for users of Transjakarta cares services. The coverage area that can be accessed by Transjakarta cares is already quite good and is currently being expanded so that all residents in the DKI Jakarta area can use Transjakarta cares services.

Poaceae which is characterized by woody stems, segmented reeds, with a hollow book in the middle, yellow, green or purple outer skin. Young stems are always covered with a very tight sheath, hairy brown or blackish, the sheath will fall off as the length of the stem grows. Plant inventory aims to determine the potential and benefits of a plant so that it can be used as a literature study for everyone. There are 4 species of plants found in Cibiru Hilir, namely lemongrass, rice, love grass, and bamboo trees. The morphological identification carried out can be seen through individual observations which are then compared with the literature.

This study aims to explain leadership path goal theory. Literature study is used as a method in research. The data is taken, collected, and analyzed from books and scientific journals that have similar topics, then made into writings and conclusions. The results of the study show that using path goal leadership can increase employee motivation. The results applied with the application of the path goal leadership style can increase employee motivation. Path-goal theory recognizes four leadership behaviors for increasing subordinate motivation. The four path-goal leadership styles that serve to provide structure and reward to subordinates are directive, supportive, participatory, and achievement-oriented.

Poaceae is a cosmopolitan group of grasses whose diversity is very high in Indonesia due to the diversity of ecosystems and geographical conditions that support the growth of the group. The grasses are easy to grow and resistant to drought and waterlogging. Poaceae are used as food ingredients in Indonesia and natural greening materials that play a role in natural balance. This study aims to inventory and identify plant species of the Poaceae family around Cibiru, Bandung, West Java. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The research was conducted by exploration, namely exploring along the research location and collecting information on the existence of plant species of the Poaceae family. Plant identification was carried out by matching plant morphological characters using various literature both identification books, journals, and websites. There were five species found including Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Imperata cylindrica, Panicum repens, and Panicum maximum.

Abstract: This step-by-step guide provides an overview of English phonology, exploring its definition, scope, and the relationship between phonetics and phonology. It delves into the classification and articulation of English sounds, covering aspects such as place and manner of articulation. The guide emphasizes the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as a standardized system for representing sounds, and provides examples of English vowels and consonants represented by IPA symbols. Understanding English phonology enables learners to improve their pronunciation accuracy, comprehend spoken English more effectively, and enhance their overall communication skills.