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This study analyzes work posture in cigarette manufacturing at PT Wan Tobacco Cigarette using the Standard Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) methods. Manual handling work has the potential to cause health risks due to physical loads and non-ergonomic postures. PT Wan Tobacco Cigarette faces problems with ergonomic risky work activities, especially in the cigarette manufacturing machine section, with worker complaints such as muscle fatigue and health problems in the hands, upper arms, back and neck. The SNQ method is used to identify complaints on the employee's body parts, while the REBA method is used to analyze work posture as a whole. This study focuses on assessing work posture when transferring tobacco to cigarette making machines. The REBA method was chosen because of the complexity and dynamics of employee activities. This research is expected to contribute to improving workers' posture to make it more ergonomic and help PT Wan Tobacco Cigarette control the risk of health problems caused by ergonomic factors. By identifying work posture problems and employee complaints, companies can implement changes in the design of work methods and work stations that are more ergonomic to improve worker comfort and welfare.

The concept of the smart city has emerged as a strategic response to rapid urbanization, increasing population density, and escalating environmental degradation. It is designed to create more efficient urban management through the integration of information and communication technologies, with the primary goal of enhancing public services, optimizing resource use, and improving citizens’ quality of life. One of its most significant promises is its potential to mitigate ecological challenges, particularly in monitoring and reducing air pollution levels. This study aims to analyze the impact of smart city implementation on urban ecology and quality of life, focusing on air quality as a key indicator. A quantitative comparative approach was applied, using both primary data from air quality measurements PM2.5, CO₂, NO₂, and AQI and secondary data from government reports, environmental agencies, and academic publications. The research was conducted in five major Asian cities recognized for adopting smart city initiatives. The results reveal varied outcomes: Tokyo and Kuala Lumpur demonstrated substantial improvements in air quality and livability, while Beijing and New Delhi continued to struggle with severe pollution. Jakarta showed partial progress, though improvements remain limited. These findings indicate that while technology is critical, it alone does not ensure ecological sustainability. Effective governance, public participation, and context-based strategies are equally crucial. This study highlights the need for smart city policies to prioritize ecological resilience and human well-being as central elements of sustainable urban development.

Rare diseases present a significant challenge in diagnosis due to their low prevalence and the limited awareness among healthcare professionals. The emergence of genomic technologies, particularly Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), has revolutionized the diagnosis of rare diseases by enabling the identification of genetic variations associated with these conditions. This technology offers improved accuracy and speed compared to traditional clinical diagnostic methods, which are often time-consuming and insufficient for rare genetic conditions. This study explores the application of genomic technology in identifying rare diseases in Indonesia, highlighting its effectiveness, accuracy, and the challenges involved in its implementation. The research employed genomic testing techniques, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), to identify genetic mutations associated with rare diseases in patients. The findings of the study demonstrate that genomic technology significantly reduces the time required for diagnosis, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic conditions. Diseases such as Diphyllobothriasis and Sparganosis, which are rarely diagnosed through traditional clinical methods, were successfully identified using genomic technologies. However, challenges persist in the implementation of genomic technology in Indonesia, including limited infrastructure, high costs, and a lack of specialized training for healthcare professionals. Despite these barriers, the findings underscore the potential of genomic technologies to improve the diagnosis and management of rare diseases in Indonesia. The study concludes by recommending further investments in infrastructure, the training of healthcare professionals, and the development of supportive policies to facilitate the widespread adoption of genomic technologies in the healthcare system, particularly for the diagnosis of rare diseases.

This study aims to describe the Forms of Direct and Indirect Speech Acts of Conversations by Shabira Alula and Her Father on Tiktok Social Media. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques use observation techniques by watching video conversations and listening. The researcher started collecting data since Shabira was 3 years old, from 30 June 2021 to 30 June 2022. The results of this study are that there are 107 data in the form of direct speech and 5 data in indirect speech. Direct speech is divided into three types, namely interrogative, imperative, and declarative. There are 107 interrogative utterances (question words). imperative utterances (command sentences) amount to 24 data. declarative speech (sentence news) amounted to 16 data. Imperative speech is divided into several parts, namely the utterance of asking is 6 sentences, while the indirect speech act contains 2 fragments of conversation.  

Language is the primary tool humans use to convey thoughts and messages, both verbally and in writing. According to experts, language is a system of sound symbols used for communication and interaction, consisting of phonology, lexicon, and grammar. Phonology studies the sounds of language and is a crucial aspect of linguistics, divided into phonetics and phonemics. Language plays an important role in daily life, not only as a communication tool but also as a reflection of individual or group identity. Language preserves cultural heritage and strengthens social relationships within a community. Proper use of language facilitates communication and influences the understanding of the interlocutor. The development of globalization makes language a means of cross-cultural connection, aiding in collaboration and participation between countries. However, every language faces challenges in pronunciation, word formation, writing, and sentence usage. Phonological disorders, such as in individuals with cleft lip and stuttering, affect speaking ability and language comprehension. A cleft lip causes difficulties in producing certain consonants, while stuttering causes disruptions in speech flow. Phonological error analysis helps to understand the patterns of sound production errors and design interventions to improve speaking abilities. This research is essential for identifying phonological disorders and developing effective therapy methods. The study titled "Phonological Disorders in Mustofa in the Wkwk Project Podcast by Genflik" aims to gain a deeper understanding of phonological disorders in individuals with cleft lip and stuttering, and to find solutions to improve their communication abilities.    

The independent curriculum is an educational approach that aims to provide independence to students in their learning so that they can optimally develop their potential. In the era of globalization and the rapid development of information technology, 21st-century learning is an urgent need. This research aims to describe the role of the independent learning curriculum in facilitating 21st-century learning in senior high schools. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative with a case study design. The research was conducted at SMAN 2, Merekau, South Papua. Data collection techniques used in this research include in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that: 1) the independent learning curriculum for facilitating 21st century learning is good. It is proven that the learning tools of SMAN 2 Merauke have successfully integrated 21st century skills (collaboration, communication, critical thinking, creativity, character, and citizenship) into the learning tools. 2) The role of the principal and teachers: The principal as the person in charge and teachers as the implementers of learning play an important role in the successful implementation of an independent curriculum with 21st century skills.

A crossroads is a meeting or crossing location of two or more roads and is a place where traffic conflicts occur. The East Crossroads Intersection of Pangkalan Kasai – Batang Cenaku is busy traffic lane because it is a connecting road between Seberida District –East Cross highway with Batang District My breath. The purpose of this research is to find the value of capacity, degree saturation, delay, queue opportunity to determine the level category services of the East Cross Road Intersection of Pangkalan Kasai - Batang Cenaku, and look for handling solutions from the results of service level intersections forlocation of the East Cross Road Intersection of Pangkalan Kasai – Batang Cenaku if traffic flow is hampered by using the 1997 MKJI method. Survey conducted for three days from 06.00 – 18.00 WIB. Based on the results survey and data analysis obtained the highest number of traffic on Sunday at 17.00 – 18.00 WIB at 818.7 pcu/hour, capacity (C) of 2156.24 pcu/hour, degree of saturation (DS) of 0.38, delay of 8.1026 sec/pcu, and the probability of queuing (QPatas – QPbottom) is 17.6480 – 6.9774%. From the results of the degree of saturation are known to be the level of service at the Crossroads East Cross Base Kasai - Batang Cenaku is B where the current is stable, but the starting speed is limited due to traffic conditions, the driver has enough speed to choose speed.    

The medical resume form is a summary of all patient care and treatment that has been carried out by health workers signed by the doctor. The completeness of medical resume filling in Psychiatric hospital Prof. HB. Saanin Padang only reaches 80% from the 200 patient each month. The purpose of this study was to analyze the completeness of medical resume written by the doctor in Psychiatric hospital Prof. HB. Saanin Padang. The Data collection techniques using observation, documents and interviews. Using 200 medical resumes sample in January 2023 patients. The results showed that the highest percentage of incompleteness was found in the discrepancy between the DPJP's signature and the stamp on the patient's medical resume by 5%. Adding to this the errors in the placement of writing primary diagnoses with secondary diagnoses by 5%. The conclusion that the highest incompleteness occurs is the discrepancy between the DPJP's signature and the stamp. Suggestions from researchers are conducting socialization by preparing TOR coordination with the field of Education and Training.  

Good company financial performance continues to be demanded in order to maximize profits in achieving its goals. This study was conducted to analyze the financial performance achieved by PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk. in 2019-2021. The approach used in this research is a quantitative descriptive study. The type of data is secondary data which can be obtained through the financial statements of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk. in 2019-2021. The analysis in this study used profitability ratios and solvency ratios. The results showed that for 4 years it was in a fairly good financial performance condition. The company's profitability in terms of the GPM indicator is in good condition, but the ROA indicator is in a poor condition. The company's solvency both in terms of DER and DAR indicators is in very good condition.    

This study aims to analyze the performance of Regional Hospital X by Balanced Scorecard Approach Method. This research was conducted by the method of operational research with the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data using a single case study on Regional Hospital X. As a government-owned hospital, Regional Hospital X should aim to provide good service to customers. Therefore, it is necessary to measure non-financial aspects instead of measuring financial aspects only. Measurement of performance using the Balanced Scorecard method covering four perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, learning and growth. The results showed that the performanced of Regional Hospital X is good enough seen from four perspective of Balanced Scorecard Method Approach.

This research aims to analyze the influence of company size, ROI and DAR on the timeliness of submitting audit reports to LQ45 companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2019 period. The population in this research is all companies included in the LQ45 Index from 2017 to 2019, a total of 135 companies. This research uses quantitative methods with secondary data and logistic regression data analysis techniques. The results of this research show that ROI and DAR have no effect on the timeliness of submitting audit reports. Meanwhile, company size has a significant effect on the timeliness of submitting audit reports

Investment activity is considered one of the important factors to influence the economy. Investment has a positive relationship with state income. To achieve this economic growth, sources of financing are urgently needed to encourage the business world, one of which is through investment realization. There are many investment challenges that are crucial in efforts to increase economic growth and the process of recovering from the economic crisis in Indonesia. Analyzing the data in this study using a qualitative descriptive method, namely a research method with the data obtained is then arranged and described in such a way and systematically. The achievement of all goals must be based on the understanding that full economic recovery can only be achieved if there is improvement in all sectors of the Indonesian economy. Economic reform activities should not be limited to macroeconomic reforms.  

This research aims to measure the influence of facilities and service quality on guest satisfaction, which has an impact on word of mouth. Research based on empirical phenomena sourced from hotel reviews on Online Travel Agents (OTA) which shows the dissatisfaction of guests staying at star hotels in Semarang Regency. This research uses quantitative methods with data in the form of numbers as an analytical tool. The population in this study were guests who had stayed at five-star hotels in Semarang Regency. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling method to determine specific criteria in order to facilitate obtaining data. The number of samples taken was 148 respondents. The data analysis method uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and is processed using AMOS. The results showed that facilities had an effect on satisfaction, satisfaction had an effect on word of mouth. However, quality has no effect on satisfaction, facilities have no effect on word of mouth and quality has no effect on word of mouth. However, facilities influence word of mouth if it is strengthened by the feeling of satisfaction that is formed and service quality also influences word of mouth if it is strengthened by the satisfaction felt by staying guests.

In the development of the economy, the State of Indonesia experienced a change in the structure of the economy from an agricultural basis to an industrial one, which resulted in many benefits from these changes. The industrial sector has a close relationship with the economy of a country because the progress of the industrial sector is an indicator of the success of a country's economy. Descriptive methods are used to analyze physical and social phenomena and the readiness of an area to become a cluster. The analysis reveals that cluster policies are implemented by national and regional cluster programs. It was also determined that an important element of the cluster policy is the identification of sources of finance and the people responsible for implementing the program. The instrument can be applied by cluster policy actors which are defined in a broad sense, namely business, associations, government actors. In the industrial world, there are five industrial forces in determining the competition of an industry. The method used to determine the strength of the industry based on external factors of the company.

Sharia Pawn (Ar-Rahn) is an agreement between a lender and a party who lends money. A lien is a right to tangible goods that is given to a debtor who wants to get ahead of the debtor, and the item is taken after the person has the money to redeem the lien. Rahn is a pawn service product based on sharia principles, where customers are only charged with administrative fees, additional mortgage and maintenance costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the evolution of income, inflation rates and gold prices in Rahn's credit distribution at PT. Pawn shops in Indonesia. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach used as a data analysis method. The data source comes from secondary data Literature research and documentation are used as data collection techniques. The subject to be studied is PT. Pegadaiic Indonesia 2013- 2022. The results show that gold income and prices are directly proportional to rahn credit distributed to the community. Meanwhile, inflation is not directly proportional to the rahn credit distributed to the public.

Coastal communities are a group of people who live together inhabiting coastal areas and then form and have a distinctive culture related to their dependence on the use of coastal resources. Basic sanitation is a minimum environmental health requirement that every family must have to meet their daily needs.  The scope of basic sanitation is the provision of clean water, disposal of household waste, provision of healthy latrines and clean water facilities.  The purpose of this research is to identify basic sanitation in Waitasi Hamlet. The type of research method used is descriptive observation research. Based on the results, it can be concluded that clean water facilities with clean water supply facilities in the Waitasi Hamlet community which have their own, odorless,  colorless, tasteless as much as 1 4 KK (93.3%).  facilities for the availability of clean water that are not their own, odorless, colorless, tasteless as much as 1 family (6.7%).  Family latrine facilities in the Waitasi hamlet community have not met the requirements for providing family latrines that are not in the form of a goose neck and have a septic tank of 10 families (66.7%).  for latrines that are not swan neck, and have a lid, channeled to the river/kolam are 2 families (13.7%) and for latrines with a goose neck saptic tank it is 1 household (6.7%).  Waste water disposal facilities in the Dusun Waitasi community do not meet the SPAL requirements and are channeled into open sewers as many as 6 people (40.0%), who have impregnated and do not pollute water sources (distance to water source >10 meters) as many as 6 people (40.0)  , and 3 people who have SPAL and have closed sewers (City Channels) for further processing (20.0%).  Most of the waste disposal facilities in the Dusun Waitasi community do not meet the requirements, namely 11 families (73.3%).  people do not have waste disposal facilities and tend to use plastic bags, sacks and boxes for temporary disposal and then throw them to the beach and rivers.  there are 4 families (36.7) that have garbage disposal facilities but are not watertight.  

Agriculture plays an important role in food sustainability and security in Indonesia, including in the City of Tuban. The city has wide potential for the development of the agricultural sector, including crops, plantations, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries. However, the limited information regarding the current situation of these sectors raises the need for in-depth analysis. This study aims to analyze the portrait of agriculture in the city of Malang with a focus on crops, plantations, animal husbandry, forestry, and fisheries. This analysis will provide insight into the current status, development potential, challenges and opportunities within these sectors. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting field surveys, interviews with farmers, ranchers, fishermen, and other relevant stakeholders. The collected qualitative data were analyzed thematically to describe an overall picture of each agricultural sector. The results of the analysis show that the secondary crops sector has experienced positive growth, but still faces challenges in terms of access to markets and technology. Plantations have great potential in the development of superior commodities, but need to improve infrastructure and environmental sustainability. Livestock is experiencing rapid development, but faces problems in waste management and animal health. Forestry is faced with land expansion and forest restoration, while fisheries require steps to maintain the sustainability of fish resources. These findings provide important input for the local government and related stakeholders to develop a strategy for sustainable agricultural development in the City of Tuban. Efforts are needed to improve market access, strengthen infrastructure, improve waste management, improve animal health, and maintain the sustainability of fish resources. This analysis can also be the basis for further research and more effective policy planning in the agricultural sector in Tuban City.  

APBD is one of the tools to improve public services and welfare in the community according to the broad and real goals of regional autonomy. This study aims to find out whether the preparation of the APBD in Malang City is in accordance with Government Regulation Number 12 of 2019 concerning Regional Financial Management, Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 90 of 2019 and Malang Mayor Regulation Number 24 of 2020 concerning the 2021 Kola Malang Regional Government Work Plan. The research method used is descriptive method, each data collected is analyzed and a conclusion is drawn. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The research results obtained are that the process of preparing the Malang City APBD in accordance with Government Regulation Number 12 of 2019 Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 90 of 2019 has been carried out properly.

This study discusses the analysis of the power structure of leading industry clusters in Sidoarjo Regency. Sidoarjo Regency is one of the districts in East Java Province that has the potential and success in developing the local economy through the formation of industrial clusters. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods by collecting secondary data through literature analysis. The results of the analysis show that factors such as superior natural resources, infrastructure availability, labor skills, research and innovation facilities, and government support policies affect the successful formation of leading industrial clusters in Sidoarjo Regency. Industrial clusters increase productivity, efficiency, innovation and commercialization. This study provides an understanding of the characteristics and dynamics of leading industry clusters in Sidoarjo Regency and the factors that influence efficiency. The results of this study can be the basis for further development to optimize the economic potential of the region with the help of industrial clusters.

In facing business competition, PT Telkom implements a strategy to be able to compete in the international market so that the company's capabilities and advantages competitive companies in the face of increasing competition in the international market effective. This study aims to determine the marketing strategy, the five forces analysis, industrial environment and SWOT analysis at PT Telkom. Besides that, identify the factors that become strengths and weaknesses as well opportunities and threats for this company. The analysis used in the research. This is a qualitative and descriptive descriptive analysis. By doing This external environmental analysis can evaluate PT Telkom's competitive strategy in achieving sustainable growth. By utilizing the porter five forces It is hoped that PT Telkom will be able to recognize its competitive position and improve competitive advantage to win the market. Keywords: Analysis, external, factors, PT Telkom.