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The Social studies has an important role in education, namely understanding the wider social world so that students are able to face the challenges of global issues. This research explores the transformation of social studies learning in the modern era, focusing on contemporary global issues such as climate change, geopolitical conflicts, economic disparities, health problems, and human rights violations. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach and literature study, this research examines the urgency of social studies education transformation in responding to these issues. The results show that social studies education needs to adopt more interactive and technology-based learning methods, integrate character values, improve digital literacy, and incorporate global issues into the curriculum, the key role of teachers as facilitators and continuous evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of the transformation. This study concludes that a comprehensive transformation of social studies learning is essential to prepare the younger generation to be responsible global citizens and able to contribute to a better society.  

This research discusses the settlement of Sultan Ground (SG) and Pakualaman Ground (PAG) land controlled by the community based on the principle of people's sovereignty. The special status of the Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY) grants the Sultanate and Pakualaman Duchy the authority to manage SG and PAG land. However, in practice, the inventory process of these lands has led to legal issues, particularly concerning ownership and the rights of communities that have long occupied the land. This study employs normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. The sources of data include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate a dualism in agrarian law between the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) and the Yogyakarta Special Region Law, which results in legal uncertainty for communities that have long inhabited SG and PAG land. The study concludes that the community's rights over SG and PAG land before the inventory process can be based on the magersari and anggaduh principles, which are recognized in customary law. However, the lack of legal recognition within the national legal system causes communities to lose rights over the land they have utilized for generations. Therefore, a legal solution that accommodates the principle of people's sovereignty is needed to resolve land disputes in Yogyakarta, ensuring legal certainty and justice for the community.

The health services that will be provided must go through stages of approval from the patient verbally or in writing, so as not to violate the patient's rights as consumers of services and is one of the obligations of the health worker himself. This research aims to determine the implementation of informed consent in health services provided by physiotherapy students during field work practice in health institutions. This research also uses a sociological juridical method, which is the result of drawing conclusions as a result of connecting cause and effect variables in accordance with social science design. From the results of this research, it was found that physiotherapy students at Widya Husada University, Semarang, during field work practice in health institutions, always gave informed consent to patients before providing health services, either verbally or in writing. Students cannot yet be called full-fledged health workers, but when students practice field work in health institutions and provide health services to patients, they are required to provide informed consent to the patient first as a form of approval for the patient's actions.

Law enforcement holds a central role in shaping social order and ensuring the effective implementation of legal functions in Indonesia. The law is not merely a normative reference but must be strategically positioned as the fundamental basis for resolving disputes and conflicts that emerge within society. In this regard, Law No. 16 of 2004 concerning the Indonesian Prosecutor’s Office, particularly Article 2 paragraph (1), clearly stipulates that the Prosecutor’s Office is a state institution entrusted with exercising governmental authority in the field of prosecution, along with other responsibilities mandated by law. Within the framework of criminal justice, the Prosecutor’s Office assumes a pivotal role as Dominus Litis—the ultimate controller of criminal cases. This authority signifies that the Prosecutor’s Office is the only institution empowered to decide whether a particular case, supported by sufficient evidence in line with the Criminal Procedure Code, is eligible to be brought before the court. The prosecutor’s discretionary power in this context highlights its critical position in upholding justice and maintaining the integrity of legal proceedings. Beyond its prosecutorial function, the Prosecutor’s Office also bears the exclusive responsibility for executing criminal judgments, ensuring that court decisions are implemented properly and consistently with the rule of law. This dual function—both as Dominus Litis and executor of judicial decisions—underlines the institutional indispensability of the Prosecutor’s Office in the Indonesian legal system. The institution’s authority is therefore not limited to initiating prosecutions but also extends to safeguarding the finality and enforcement of criminal verdicts, which makes it a cornerstone in the broader architecture of law enforcement. Consequently, strengthening the role and capacity of the Prosecutor’s Office is essential for advancing justice, protecting the rights of citizens, and reinforcing the legitimacy of Indonesia’s legal order.

This research examines the legal status of nominee agreements within Indonesia's civil law system and their legal consequences for the parties involved. Amid increasing foreign investment in Indonesia, the phenomenon of nominee agreements has created tension between global economic interests and the principle of nationalism in land ownership. Using normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches, this research analyzes nominee agreements within the framework of the Indonesian Civil Code and the Basic Agrarian Law. The findings reveal that nominee agreements have no valid legal status as they contradict Articles 21 and 26 paragraph (2) of the Basic Agrarian Law and fail to fulfill the lawful cause requirement under Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Doctrinally, these agreements fall under the category of absolute nullity (void ab initio) as they constitute a form of legal circumvention (fraus legis). The legal consequences for all parties are detrimental, Indonesian citizens acting as nominees potentially face criminal charges and loss of land rights, while foreign citizens as beneficial owners have no legal protection for their investments.

Bankruptcy as a debt settlement mechanism in Indonesia has a significant impact on all debtors' assets, including intellectual property rights such as trademarks. In practice, many companies have licensed trademarks to third parties before being declared bankrupt, resulting in legal uncertainty regarding the validity of the license agreement and protection for the licensee. This study aims to examine the implications of bankruptcy on the validity of trademark licenses and analyze the legal position of licensees according to the Bankruptcy Law. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory and conceptual approaches, as well as qualitative analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The results show that the rights to the licensed trademark remain part of the bankruptcy estate and are under the management of the curator. The license agreement can be continued if it benefits the bankruptcy estate, but can be terminated by the curator if it is considered burdensome. The legal position of the licensee is highly dependent on the recording of the agreement at the DJKI and the policy of the curator. The implications of this research emphasize the need for clearer regulations to provide legal certainty and balanced protection for all parties involved in bankruptcy.

Citizenship education from an Islamic perspective plays a significant part in shaping students' character and social mindfulness. By coordination sharia values such as equity, tolerance, and social duty into the educational programs, it is anticipated to make a era that's not as it were scholastically cleverly but too ethically upright. This think about points to analyze how sharia values can be actualized in citizenship instruction and their affect on shaping a harmonious national identify. This investigate employs a qualitative strategy with a descriptive-analytical approach. Information were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory perceptions, and record investigation of instructive approaches and relevant educating materials. The research subjects include teachers, students, and stakeholders included within the usage of an Islamic values-based educational programs. Information investigation takes after the Miles and Huberman demonstrate, which comprises of information reduction, information introduction, and conclusion drawing. The comes about show that sharia-based citizenship instruction can reinforce national personality and foster a more concordant and capable society. The integration of sharia values into the educational programs moreover upgrades students' mindfulness of their rights and duties as citizens based on Islamic morals. In this manner, a systematic effort is required to create a significant and feasible educational programs, in conjunction with back from different partners to guarantee the compelling execution of sharia values in citizenship education.

This research aims to analyse the authority of the Police Mobile Brigade Corps (Brimob) in handling mass riots and examine the implementation of criminal law in evaluating the actions taken during the operation. This research departs from the importance of ensuring that every action of law enforcement officials, especially Brimob, remains within the corridors of Indonesian positive law and is oriented towards the principles of human rights. The results show that the Brimob Corps has the legal authority under Law No. 2 of 2002 on the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia to deal with high-level situations, including mass riots. In carrying out its duties, Brimob is authorised to use coercive measures, but must still pay attention to the principles of necessity, proportionality, legality, and accountability. The implementation of criminal law is an important instrument in evaluating Brimob's actions, by assessing whether the use of force meets the elements of legal justification such as forced defence or official orders, in accordance with the Criminal Code and human rights principles. It is suggested that there is a need to improve legal training for Brimob members on the limits of the use of force and the implementation of criminal law principles in emergency situations. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen internal and external evaluation mechanisms, including cooperation with independent institutions such as Komnas HAM, to maintain transparency and accountability. Thus, the rule of law and the protection of human rights can be better upheld in every operation to handle mass riots by Brimob officers.

In the current digital era, technological advances have brought considerable changes, which can be seen in the way individuals gather information, interact, and play an active role in social life. The concept of citizenship is no longer limited to the physical world, but has expanded to the digital. In the digital sphere, everyone has rights and obligations, including maintaining communication ethics, protecting personal privacy and others, and taking part in more positive activities. As in the Islamic view, in the digital world, people must always participate and be based on sharia principles, such as honesty, responsibility, and respect for the rights of others. This study aims to examine the role of digital citizenship in the perspective of Islamic law, which uses a qualitative approach and normative analysis. The results of this study also show that there are several aspects that are influential in the digital era such as the importance of protecting personal data as part of the main objective of sharia, maintaining communication ethics by prioritizing the principles of politeness and honesty, and preventing the spread of hoax information. Islam also strongly emphasizes the importance of hate speech and bullying among virtual communities. In addition, freedom of expression in the digital sphere must be accompanied by moral responsibility to anticipate conflicts.With this understanding, Muslims are expected to contribute to creating a digital space that is safer, healthier, harmonious, and in accordance with sharia teachings

One of the human rights protected by several national and international legal instruments is freedom of opinion. In a democratic country like Indonesia, it is protected under Article 28e Paragraph (2) and (3) of the 1945 Constitution and Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. However, in Islam, freedom of opinion is not absolute, meaning that it has a basis based on Sharia principles to uphold the common good. This study uses a qualitative literary analysis method in conjunction with a descriptive-analytical approach with relevant aspects of Islamic law and national regulations. According to the results of the study, Islam encourages behavior that is consistent with the law and does not conflict with Sharia principles, such as not requiring slander, hoaxes, or division. As stated in positive legal regulations, the state also has an obligation to maintain harmony between individual rights and public welfare. Therefore, it is necessary to align Sharia law and the right to freedom of opinion to create a democratic society that still respects religious norms.

The land transfer process in Batam City requires a transfer permit from the Batam Supervisory Agency (BP Batam), considering that all land rights in the city are under the Land Management Rights (HPL) regulated by BP Batam based on Presidential Decree Number 41 of 1973. Land that falls into this category requires strict procedures and regulations, including the transfer of rights through a sale and purchase involving authorized parties. This study aims to identify weaknesses in regulations related to the transfer of joint assets, especially inherited land, through current sale and purchase. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a descriptive analysis of applicable laws and regulations, to explore issues related to the transfer of joint assets in the form of inherited land. The main focus of the study is to identify weaknesses in the regulations governing the transfer of rights to inherited land through sale and purchase transactions. The results of the study indicate that the regulations governing the transfer of joint assets in the form of inherited land through sale and purchase have several weaknesses that require attention. These weaknesses consist of three aspects: weaknesses in legal substance, weaknesses in legal structure, and weaknesses in legal culture. In terms of substance, existing regulations do not provide clear and firm provisions regarding the distribution of inherited land rights within the family. Meanwhile, in terms of legal structure, there is still a discrepancy between applicable regulations and current practices. Weaknesses in the legal culture include a lack of understanding and legal awareness in society regarding the transfer of joint property. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for the state to play a role in protecting the legitimacy of joint property within families, particularly regarding the transfer of inherited land through sale and purchase in Batam City.  

The crime of genocide is related to ethnic or cultural extermination and also includes crimes against political groups because these groups are difficult to identify which will cause international problems in a country. The crime of genocide in international criminal law is an extraordinary crime and has become a prohibited act which was later stated in the 1948 Genocide Convention, the statute of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the statute of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda (ICTR) and the 1998 Rome statute. This study aims to determine the crime of genocide experienced when viewed in International Law and how to resolve disputes over crimes of genocide under international law.This research uses doctrinal or juridical normative research. Sources of legal information use primary legal materials (regulations and related documents) for further qualitative analysis. The approach used is a conceptual approach, a statutory approach, and a case law approach in helping to solve the problem formulation. The results of the study stated that the main cause of the crime of genocide was motivated by the struggle for the rights of ethnic minorities and the existence of fanatical and racial religions that were shown in cultural discrimination. The crimes committed by the Myanmar government by the Rohingya Muslims constitute an international crime of genocide, because it has fulfilled several main elements, namely mass murder, discrimination against religious minorities, is carried out systematically, and aims to eliminate certain ethnic groups and groups.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the digital era has raised a variety of ethical issues that urgently need to be addressed wisely. In Indonesia, Pancasila as the foundation of the state has significant potential to become an ethical foundation in the development of responsible and humanity-oriented AI. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, examining various academic sources, such as relevant journals, books, and scientific articles. The analysis was conducted through content analysis techniques and reinforced with source triangulation to ensure the validity of the data. The results showed that the values of each precept in Pancasila are highly relevant to the ethical principles of AI, such as moral and spiritual responsibility reflected in the first precept, respect for human rights in the second precept, and the importance of democratization of technology and equitable distribution of benefits stated in the fourth and fifth precepts. Therefore, the integration of Pancasila values in every stage of AI development and application is crucial. This is so that the resulting technology is not only technically superior, but also reflects justice, inclusiveness, and commitment to human values. Collaboration between government, academia, industry, and society is the key to making Indonesia a pioneer in ethical and humanist AI development.

This study examines the concept of hibah (gift) in Islamic law and its implementation in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in Indonesia. Through juridical-normative analysis, the research investigates how Islamic law principles regarding hibah have been transformed into national legislation through KHI and evaluates their implementation in religious court practices. The findings reveal that KHI has successfully harmonized Islamic jurisprudence with national legal requirements, particularly through articles 210-214, which regulate hibah procedures including limitations on gift amounts, beneficiary rights, and documentation requirements. However, challenges persist due to KHI's relatively weak position in the legal hierarchy as a Presidential Instruction rather than formal legislation, creating potential conflicts with other regulations. The study recommends strengthening KHI's legal status, updating its provisions to address contemporary issues, standardizing hibah procedures, and providing judges with appropriate discretionary space to ensure both legal certainty and substantive justice in hibah disputes.

This research discusses the application of Islamic economic principles during the leadership of Al-Khulafa' Al-Rasyidin, namely Abu Bakar Ash-Shiddiq, Umar bin Khattab, Uthman bin Affan, and Ali bin Abi Talib. The focus of the study lies on the application of sharia values such as justice, honesty, zakat, and wealth distribution in economic policy and governance. The study found that the caliphs consistently implemented Islamic economic principles in state financial management, zakat collection and distribution, market supervision, and protection of property rights. Such implementation proved the effectiveness of the Islamic economic system in creating social justice and public welfare. The application of Islamic economic principles in financial management has an important role because it provides a strong ethical and moral basis, supports the creation of a sustainable economy, and emphasizes justice in the distribution of wealth in society. These principles serve as guidelines for individuals to manage their finances wisely so as to bring benefits not only to themselves, but also to their social environment. By applying these values, wealth inequality can be prevented and a stable and fair economic system can be built. Islamic economics also emphasizes the importance of transparency and honesty in every financial transaction. By avoiding unethical practices such as usury and excessive speculation, individuals can maintain integrity and create a financial system that is aligned with moral values. In addition, Islamic economic principles contain a high value of social responsibility, reflected in the teachings on Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah which encourage individuals to participate in social development and help those in need. Therefore, managing personal finances based on these principles not only ensures individual financial sustainability, but also has a positive impact on the well-being of society at large.

Before the existence of the Basic Agrarian Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Principles of Agrarian Law Formation, the dualism of rules governing land rights between Indonesians and non-Indonesians was the main catalyst for the formation of a state law that guarantees land rights within the State of Indonesia. This title was chosen so that I could research and inform the general public about Indonesia's agrarian law policies and practices. Because the studies obtained are based on references from books, articles, and regulations related to agrarian law or land politics, the methodology This research uses normative studies or literature studies. According to the research findings, the agrarian law policy developed in accordance with UUPA No. 5 of 1960 concerning the Principles of Agrarian Law is designed to lay the foundation for National Agrarian Law, which is a tool to realize prosperity, happiness, and justice for the State and the people, especially the peasantry, within the framework of a just and prosperous society. In addition, the policy is designed to lay the foundation for building unity and simplicity in the country.

This study examines the implementation of religious moderation in Bedono Village, Semarang Regency, as a response to religious diversity that has the potential to cause social conflicts. This study aims to analyze the practice of religious moderation, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and examine its impact on the social life of the community. The research method used is a qualitative approach with case studies, involving observation, in-depth interviews with religious leaders, communities, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that religious moderation in Bedono Village is realized through tolerance, interfaith mutual cooperation, inclusive education, and the celebration of common traditions that strengthen social cohesion. Key supporting factors include inclusive local traditions, education moderation in schools, the active role of youth organizations, community awareness, and village government support. On the other hand, inhibiting factors include a decrease in common traditions, lack of moderation materials in schools, inactivity of youth organizations, low public awareness, and lack of government policies. The positive impact of religious moderation can be seen in increasing tolerance, conflict prevention, strengthening bridges between communities, protecting minority rights, and creating harmony and social peace in society.

The crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons is a crime that violates human rights and is increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, where the crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons is very threatening to the life and environment of the community and the state, the problem discussed is the purpose and modus operandi of the crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons,  and a form of legal protection for victims of human trafficking. The formulation of the problem studied is related to the modus operandi that often occurs today, especially in Indonesia in these crimes. How is it related to the form of protection and rehabilitation and the fulfillment of restitution for victims of human trafficking. This research is included in the research of normative juridical law (Legal Reasherc), legislative approaches, philosophical approaches, and historical approaches which are also strengthened by court decisions which has permanent legal force. The modus operandi of the crime of human trafficking is through persuasion or seduction with the promise of being given a well-established and guaranteed job with their safety while working as well as the lure of high salaries so that the victims of human trafficking without thinking long immediately agree to this, this researcher also discusses the legal protection for victims of human trafficking or the crime of exploitation of persons contained in Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning The eradication of the crime of trafficking in persons must be implemented and maximized again related to the protection and fulfillment of the rights of victims of trafficking in persons.    

Children are the next generation of a nation, so that the growth and development of children must be properly considered, not only the responsibility of the family and parents but also the responsibility of society and the state, considering that Indonesia is a welfare state that has an obligation to guarantee the rights of its citizens properly. In this case, including the rights of children in conflict with the law (ABH), even though they are children who have problems with the law, they are children who must be protected to fulfill their rights. This study was conducted using literature and document study methods, in the form of books, journal articles, or other types of writings and various laws and regulations relating to cases of children in conflict with the law (ABH). The results of the study showed that the fulfillment of the rights of correctional students consisting of the right to survive and develop, the right to protection and the right to participate has been carried out well by LPKA. Although there is still a shortage of correctional social workers in LPKA who act as facilitators and bridges for ABH to get education and carry out the rehabilitation process according to the needs of children.

Children in conflict with the law (ABH) are part of a vulnerable group that requires a special legal approach and social protection. The development of the concept of the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia has undergone a significant transformation since the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA). This law emphasizes the importance of a restorative justice approach and the resolution of juvenile cases from the formal justice system to a more humane and rehabilitative form. The Correctional Center (BAPAS) as an institution tasked with carrying out guidance and supervision of correctional clients including children, plays a central role in this process. Starting from the pre-adjudication, adjudication, to post-adjudication stages, BAPAS is responsible for ensuring that children's rights are protected and children receive guidance in accordance with the principle of the best interest of the child. However, in practice, there are still many challenges in implementing the role of BAPAS. Starting from limited resources, lack of coordination between institutions, to delays in the preparation of community service and child assistance. Therefore, it is necessary to review the effectiveness and challenges in implementing the BAPAS function within the framework of child rehabilitation and reintegration.