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Medical tourism is a global phenomenon in which individuals travel across countries to receive medical or health care. Although not directly recognized as a major component of human rights (HAM), medical tourism has a relevant impact on human rights aspects in countries like Indonesia.  The Indonesian government has an important role in regulating medical tourism by taking into account the human rights framework. This involves developing regulations that ensure the protection of patient rights, monitoring quality medical practice, and fulfilling access to health services for all citizens, both local and medical tourists. This article provides a brief analysis of how medical tourism can impact several aspects of human rights including the right to health. However, this approach also raises questions about equitable access to medical care for local populations. In order to maintain a balance between benefits and negative impacts, implementing medical tourism in accordance with human rights principles will support the sustainable goal of providing quality and equitable medical care for all individuals, without violating human rights.    

Internet users in Indonesia are increasing, in 2021 the development of Internet use is increasing rapidly as many as 7,000 samples come from Indonesia and all provinces in Indonesia and is growing from 8.9% to 73.7%, equivalent to 196.7 million internet users. Internet use is mostly used for social media such as Instagram. However, not all Instagram users can use Instagram wisely, so many cases of cyber crime still occur in Indonesia. So this research will discuss how law enforcement deals with cybercrime by manufacturers who employ endorsements to promote illegal cosmetics via Instagram. Using normative research methods activities that will examine internal aspects (to solve problems that exist within) positive law. For cases that occur, law enforcement can be applied such as imposing criminal sanctions as explained in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions Article 9 in conjunction with Article 62 paragraph 1 of the Law Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection which reads Business actors who violate the provisions referred to in Article 8, Article 9, Article 9, Article 10, Article 13 paragraph (2), Article 15, Article 17 paragraph (1) letter a , letter b, letter c, letter e, paragraph (2), and article 18 shall be punished with imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years or a fine of up to Rp. 2,000,000,000.00 (two billion rupiah). Suggestions that consumers are obliged to report if a case like this occurs so that the implementation in law enforcement will run smoother and be eradicated quickly, similar cases will no longer exist.  

The case shows that some children's syrup drug products contain hazardous substances that can endanger the health of children. As a producer of children's syrup, their legal responsibility is very important in ensuring consumer safety. Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health provides a legal framework that regulates the responsibility of producers in this regard. This thesis discusses the legal responsibility of producers of children's syrup containing dangerous substances based on the law. The research reviews legal aspects related to producer responsibility, including legal sanctions that can be given to producers if they are found to have violated regulations, as well as what efforts producers can take to minimize legal risks and meet product safety and quality standards. The results of the study show that manufacturers of syrup for children must pay attention to various regulations and safety and quality standards stipulated by Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health and related institutions, and conduct product trials periodically to ensure safety and quality. In addition, producers must also be prepared to face legal sanctions if they violate existing regulations, such as fines and revocation of business licenses. The legal responsibility of the producer, then legal liability, namely civil, criminal and administrative responsibility Legal efforts that can be carried out Mediation efforts with the business actor/manufacturer of children's syrup medicine, if this fails, then the process can be carried out through the Consumer Dispute Protection Agency (BPSK), if the decision is not satisfactory, further legal action can be taken through the general court. The Ministry of Health and BPOM should be able to mitigate risks at the outset, regarding the distribution of drugs in Indonesia    

One of the hottest issues currently rife in Indonesia is regarding sexual deviations known as LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender/Transsexual). LGBT itself in Indonesia is certainly much opposed by society. This research was conducted using the literature study method, an approach that focuses on analyzing existing literature to collect, understand, and evaluate information related to the topics discussed. The results obtained in this study are that LGBT is an activity that is not in accordance with existing laws in Indonesia according to a legal perspective LGBT is deviant, LGBT also spreads many sexually transmitted diseases while the factors that cause someone to become LGBT are genetics, environment and traumatic experiences.    

The phenomenon of globalization has transformed the world's landscape, connecting nations, and inspiring the concept of Special Economic Zones (SEZs). The utilization of Foreign National Health Workers (FHNWs) has become a strategy to address the shortage of medical personnel and enhance healthcare services, particularly in remote regions. However, the implementation of this policy also faces several ethical, cultural, and linguistic challenges. The ethical aspect takes center stage in the utilization of FHNWs. Patient rights, professionalism, and cross-cultural collaboration are crucial focal points in healthcare service practices. Despite its benefits, the utilization of FHNWs encounters communication hurdles, especially when the employed language is unfamiliar. Additionally, the integration of local cultural values becomes a pivotal aspect in delivering sensitive and patient-centered care. This paper analyzes policy documents related to the utilization of Foreign National Health Workers (FHNWs) in Indonesia through normative and predictive approaches. The objective is to comprehend the concepts and regulatory implementations concerning the ethics of FHNW utilization within the context of Indonesian healthcare services. The phenomena of globalization and efforts to expedite economic growth through Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have influenced these policies. The analysis involves various policy documents relevant to FHNW utilization. In facing the ethical dilemmas arising in the practice of healthcare services by foreign medical personnel, it is imperative for them to adapt to the local culture without compromising the principles of medical ethics. Moreover, competition within the job market and cultural disparities between foreign and local medical personnel also present challenges that need to be addressed. In dealing with competition, a holistic approach involving the government, relevant institutions, and professional training for local medical personnel is required. Overall, the utilization of FHNWs holds potential benefits in addressing medical workforce shortages and enhancing healthcare access. However, this utilization must be carried out with ethical responsibility, respecting patient rights, and considering cultural and professional aspects. With a prudent approach, the utilization of FHNWs can contribute to improving the quality of healthcare services and the well-being of local medical personnel, in line with ethical principles and national interests.    

Article 12B Paragraph (1) within the Law of Corruption Offenses bears resemblances to provisions regulating bribery offenses (Article 11, Article 12 letter a, letter b, and letter c), subsequently posing challenges in the implementation of law enforcement. Nonetheless, this article also demonstrates several advantages, including the introduction of the reversal of the burden of proof imposed on the defendant. In the effort to fortify the regulation pertaining to gratification offenses, reconstruction is required in several aspects. Firstly, the definition of gratification needs to be elaborated and clarified to avoid interpretation uncertainties. Secondly, the importance of mandatory reporting regulations concerning gratification receipts is crucial in realizing transparency in corruption prevention. Furthermore, precise gradation is needed regarding the elements of the articles and the threat of punishment for bribery and gratification offenses, including distinguishing between various types of gratification. To sustain effective law enforcement, it is recommended that the government evaluates Article 12B Paragraph (1) and undertakes reconstruction in accordance with the outlined suggestions. These steps are expected to address the regulatory overlaps between bribery and gratification, while strengthening the legal foundation to comprehensively combat corruption offenses.

Technological developments by international organizations see the need for recognition and regulation of legal certainty in the field of information technology, regarding electronic transactions with digital signatures. Legal certainty regulates clearly and logically, which means there is clarity and firmness in the application of law to e-signature regulations, and e-signature certification to guarantee legal certainty. Regulations on the use of e-signatures are regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Recognition of electronic signatures as valid legal evidence and electronic certification providers. The use of e-Signature is also regulated in implementing laws and regulations, namely Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, including the introduction of electronic signatures as a legal instrument, electronic signatures as a means of authentication and verification, data for creating electronic signatures , electronic signature signing process, electronic certification organizer. To use electronic signatures, you need to choose a company that has received certification and can operate globally without having to worry about document security.

Health tourism is an activity journey tour To get service Health. Yogyakarta is Wrong One province owns potency in the development of health tourism. this _ seen Yogyakarta recorded owner House Sick type A has 11 5 star hotels that provide spa and fitness. However moment this is health tourism yet Lots realized And Not yet developed in Yogyakarta. The objective of the study This is To know the components development of health tourism and know the strategy development of health tourism. Medical Tourism as part of Strategy Marketing House Sick in Tourism Area. An article in reviews, This is that explained Medical Tourism and strategy marketing hospital in Indonesia. House Sick as a business private use various strategy to attract more Lots patient or customers, like creating room therapy in a hybrid hotel (home-designed pain _ For comfort patient international ). House Sick also compose strategy marketing For direct patient And customer as well as identify three strategies the is with connect to patient potential through a visit to the country origin , employ intermediary journey medical And compiling 'medical check-up' packages for healthy people

Emerging global competition in the industry of health is possible for patients from the country more proceed On do journey to a country to develop by getting maintenance quality medical _ tall And with affordable prices. _  Medical Tourism as part of Strategy Marketing House Sick in the Tourism Area. Writing This explains Medical Tourism and strategy marketing hospital in Indonesia. Study  This aim is to analyze the readiness of House Sick, government, and travel agency tours in service tour medical. House Sick as a business private use various strategy For interesting more Lots patient or customers, like creating room therapy in a hybrid hotel (home-designed pain _ For comfort patient international ). House Sick Also compile strategy marketing For direct patient And customer as well as identify three strategies the is with connect to patient potential through a visit to the country origin, employ intermediary journey medical And compile 'medical check-up' package for person healthy.

The distribution of safe and quality drugs is a key factor in maintaining public health. However, complex challenges related to the distribution of illegal, counterfeit and unsafe drugs, as well as drug abuse, require efforts to control the distribution of drugs and food.With 250 million people, Indonesia has become a potential target for drug and food marketing both in person and online.The results of the study show that optimizing drug circulation control is a fundamental pillar in protecting public health. By improving the quality of monitoring the distribution of drugs and food, strengthening BPOM institutions as well as socializing and educating the public, it is hoped that this will ensure the quality of drug distribution in food to protect public health.

Hospitals have an obligation to provide services in accordance with standard operating procedures for patient care, maintain patient safety and security, and provide accurate information. Incorrect medical treatment such as surgery on the side of the body that is not in accordance with the diagnosis can have a serious impact on the patient. The wrong side of the operation on the patient caused by the negligence of medical staff may result in legal liability for negligence. The hospital can be held responsible and obliged to provide compensation for the physical, emotional and financial losses suffered by the patient. If an incident occurs that harms the patient, the hospital may be subject to lawsuits. Hospitals must be legally responsible and take steps to improve the medical service system to improve quality and patient safety.  

Health BPJS program aims to provide assurance of social protection and welfare for all Indonesian people. One of the problems that patients who use BPJS often face is the problem of Health BPJS services in the field, namely cases of refusal of patients participating in Health BPJS to get an examination room by the hospital. The need for legal protection in obtaining health services, which aims to ensure legal certainty obtained by patients that patients avoid losses when receiving health services that should be provided properly and optimally by health workers. This study aimed to identify and analyze the legal protection of patients who used Health BPJS in hospitals. This study used a normative juridical approach. The result showed that there were two kinds of legal protection for Health BPJS participants in health services, namely preventive and repressive legal protection.  

Health service facilities have the duty and obligation to protect the confidentiality of information contained in medical record files and must not disclose or provide this information to unauthorized people or institutions. The aim of this research is to determine legal protection for the confidentiality of patient data between conventional and electronic medical records. The research method used is normative juridical. The research results show that legal protection can be grouped into two, namely preventive and repressive legal protection. Preventive legal protection or prevention of violations related to medical records can be carried out by maintaining the confidentiality of medical records, maintaining medical record storage, and maintaining procedures for the release of health information. Meanwhile, repressive legal protection can be carried out by taking responsibility for violations that have been committed in the form of criminal, civil and administrative sanctions.

Its implementation and application require the use of the TPPU Law by relying on the initial crime or primary crime, the main crime according to investigators and prosecutors is part of the formal and material requirements in an event file, for its fulfillment if it is incomplete it can be considered unable to carry out prosecution by prioritizing formal processes. Money laundering cases are rarely charged under the TPPU Law because the charges given are not cumulative charges, and are only limited to the initial crime, complicated bureaucracy and difficult communication between agencies due to the integrity that does not exist between judicial institutions as a criminal justice system, lack of socialization process and regarding the anti-money laundering regime to investigators, public prosecutors, and PPATK. The problem in this study is how to apply international criminal law to money laundering. The application of International Money Laundering into Indonesia's national criminal law depends on compliance with international treaties governing transnational criminal activities. This agreement has been approved and implemented by the legal and regulatory framework of the country. This impact is seen in lawmaking, the passing of Presidential Decrees, and the legal doctrine articulated in this agreement. The Money Laundering Act serves as an example of domestic criminal legislation promulgated as a means of enforcing international conventions

Indonesia still faces several challenges in developing medical tourism. Various sources, using data for 2018, show that Indonesian citizens actually go for treatment in Malaysia and Singapore, spending around US$23 billion, whether for treatment at government or private hospitals. The normative juridical method in this study will help in understanding the legal regulations and norms governing the medical tourism sector in the country, as well as assessing how these regulations affect the development of the industry. The results of this study are that Medical Tourism in Indonesia is regulated in Permenkes No.76/2015 concerning Health Tourism Services. PMK's weakness is the nuances of demand for the overseas patient market. Then the limitation that only type A and type B Hospitals are entitled to be designated as Hospitals with Medical Tourism Services in Indonesia is also an obstacle to the growth of the Health Tourism Service Climate. Not to mention, the socialization of the requirements for applying for a hospital for Health Tourism services is still lacking, including the requirements to be accredited (National Plenary level), and have cooperation documents with the Travel Bureau which has medical tour guides. To oversee the development of health tourism, the Indonesian Health Tourism Board (IHTB) was formed which was initiated by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Investment.

Abortion or the scientific language is Abortus Provocatus, is the method most often used to end an unwanted pregnancy, even though it is the most dangerous method. Abortus Provocatus is divided into two types, namely Abortus Provocatus Therapeuticus and Abortus Provocatus Criminalis. Abortus Provocatus Therapeuticus is an abortion provocatus carried out on the basis of medical considerations and carried out by personnel who have received special education and can act professionally. Meanwhile, Abortus Provocatus Criminalis is an abortion provocatus that is done secretly and usually by personnel who are not specially educated, including pregnant women who want to carry out the abortion provocatus. Abortus Provocatus Criminalis is one of the causes of death of women during their fertile period in developing countries.

Health in adolescence is an important aspect in an individual's life cycle. This period is the time when individuals begin to learn and have functional abilities and health. In terms of health, this period is an important period for reproductive health and the initial formation of healthy living behavior. Based on data from the 2010 Population Census, the group of teenagers aged 10-19 years has a proportion of 18.3% of the total population of Indonesia or around 43.5 million people. The large population of teenagers is an asset and potential for the nation in the future, therefore growth and development must proceed positively and be free from various threatening problems, including reproductive health problems.

Medical Aesthetic Tourism shows significant growth in recent years. A study on its law protection should be conducted more in-depth to enable this trend to give the feeling of secure to its actors. This article aimed to study and to analyze Law Protection of Medical Aesthetic Tourism. This study was a doctrinal research referring to primary, secondary and tertiary data sources, with interactive technique of analyzing data. The result showed the Law Protection of Medical Aesthetic Tourism related to medical service standardization, product security standard, insurance, medical risk litigation during action and treatment. This law protection is studied from the perspective of Pancasila and Republic of Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution, and related international law. This narrative literature review focused on the problem of law protection for the tourists getting Medical Aesthetic Tourism treatment abroad.

This article discusses the development of health tourism potential through the use of medicines from natural ingredients. Health and wellness have become a major concern of modern society, leading to increased interest in natural treatment alternatives. In this context, this study aims to explore the potential for developing tourist destinations that combine elements of health and natural beauty with the use of traditional medicines derived from natural ingredients. The research method involves surveying the latest literature on the use of natural medicines in the health sector, as well as case studies of several tourist sites that have successfully integrated these aspects. Data analysis was carried out to identify the advantages and challenges in developing health tourism based on natural ingredients, both in terms of health benefits and economic potential. The results of the study show that the use of medicines from natural ingredients in the context of health tourism has the potential to increase tourist attractiveness, promote local culture, and provide alternative treatments that are safer and more sustainable. However, challenges such as regulation of standards, public education and maintenance of natural resources need to be overcome for this development to be sustainable. This article provides insight into the potential and benefits of developing medicine-based health tourism from natural ingredients, as well as presents a holistic view of the relationship between health, nature and local culture in the context of tourism. The practical implication of this research is to provide guidance for stakeholders in planning, managing and promoting health tourism destinations that are sustainable and beneficial to all.

Execution auctions have the characteristics of the seller of the goods being an agency or institution. This character has implications for legal substances that serve as guidelines in the auction process, which must conform to statutory regulations. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the relevance of the principles of justice, the opportunities for the principles of justice and the challenges of the principles of justice in the execution of civil cases at auctions for the sale of goods. The research method uses a normative juridical approach. Legal norms which are the legal substance of execution in the law of goods auctions are analyzed through a concept and law approach. This research finds that first, the principle of law (fairness) is very relevant to the law of execution auctions. This relationship is caused by the need for auction legal norms which require the legal principle of justice as a guide if there is a conflict of legal norms in its implementation or application. Second, the opportunity for the legal principle of justice, in the philosophical realm to become a legal principle in the treatises on auctions, namely for the sake of justice in the belief in the One Almighty God. The sociological domain is a guide and guideline for the eroding of the jungle law of disputes over auction results. The juridical realm becomes a guideline if there is a conflict of norms in every statutory regulation related to auction law. Third, challenges to the legal principle of justice originate from the debtor's rights, legal substance (contents of credit agreements) and legal structures (auction agencies and their implementation).