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Development is the increasing ability of the body to structure and function more complexly, in an orderly and predictable pattern. One of the aspects that assist the adequacy of child development is parents' support. One of the factors that influence the development of toddlers is stimulation. Stimulation is trigger that comes from the child's external environment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between maternal stimulation and the development of pre-school children aged 3-5 years. This research is a correlational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. They were taken using a complete sampling approach on a population of 30 persons and a sample of 30 people. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The frequency distribution is used for univariate data analysis, and the Fisher’s Exact Test alternative is used for bivariate data analysis. The result showed that 22 mothers provided good stimulation and 8 mothers gave less stimulation. From the results of the KPSP, it showed that there were 20 children with appropriate development, 4 children with doubts, and 6 children with deviations. Based on the Fisher’s Exact Test alternative, it was known that the P value is 0.000 with α 0.05. Because the significance value is <α, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, indicating that there is a correlation between stimulation and the development of pre-school children aged 3-5 years in KB RA Umi Sundari Kraksaan, Probolinggo Regency. It is hoped that the results of this study would help parents who have children give adequate stimulation for their children's growth.

Gadgets greatly impact the pattern of human life both in terms of mindset, taste patterns and behavior patterns. The use of gadgets in everyday life does not only have an impact on the thoughts, feelings and behavior of adults, but children are also not spared from its impact. Child attachment early in life can be directed at someone who has nothing to do with child rearing, but it can happen tosomeone the child chooses as the object of attachment. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there is a correlation between people's attachment to early childhood gadget addiction at Early Childhood Education. This research is a descriptive research. Total population of 30 people. A sample of 30 people was taken by total sampling technique. The research instruments used were the IPPA questionnaire and the smartphone addiction test questionnaire for mobile motoring. Bivariate analysis using the Chi Square Statistical Test. The results showed that the respondents had high attachment to their parents, namely 16 children (53.3%), moderate attachment of 7 children (23.3%), and low attachment of 7 children (23.3%). From the results of the smartphone addiction test questionnaire for mobile motoring, it was found that 15 children (50.0%) were not dependent on gadgets, 4 children had mild dependence (13.3%), 3 children were moderately addicted (10.0), and 8 children were addicted. (26.7%). Based on the Chi Square test, it is known that the P Value is 0.004 with α 0.05. Because the significance value is < α, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a correlation between parents and early childhood attachment to gadget addiction at PAUD Intan, Asembagus village kraksaan. It is hoped that the results of this research can be used as input for parents regarding the importance of accompanying children so that children do not experience gadget addiction.

This study explores the marketing strategies used by traders in Pasar Besar, Pasuruan City in dealing with changes in consumer behavior in the digital era. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, involving traders representing various types of products and marketing methods. Analysis was conducted qualitatively to explore key themes and quantitatively to identify patterns and trends. The results show that traditional marketing (direct selling) is still relevant because direct interaction creates emotional connections and increases buyer loyalty. However, this approach faces challenges due to the shift in buyer preferences to online shopping. Meanwhile, online marketing offers wider market reach, cost efficiency, and time flexibility, although its success is highly dependent on promotional capabilities and delivery management. The combination of traditional and online strategies has proven effective in reaching various buyer segments, providing significant sales increases. This approach requires careful planning to optimize the benefits of both methods without increasing operational costs. By understanding market needs and adjusting strategies, traders can maximize the potential of both approaches to achieve success amidst changing times.

Batik Banten Mukarnas is a company that produces stamped batik designs with various patterns and varieties of batik. Problems frequently arise in the company due to increased stamped batik production capacity to meet the demand for stamped batik design products, which continues to rise from stamped batik suppliers. Another impact of growing demand capacity is the high number of defects in stamped batik cloth products, because overall, the company's management, including human resources, tools, and methods, is not prepared for the increase in production capacity to meet the surge in consumer demand, resulting in an impact on the quality of the products produced—consequently, the organization endeavors to regulate the quality of stamped batik cloth at PT. Batik Banten Mukarnas establishes objectives that employ Six Sigma with the DMAIC method (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) in the production of batik stamp designs to meet production objectives. The results of the data processing that has been done obtained a sigma value before improvement for 3 CTQ of 3.54. After improvement, the sigma value increased to 3.86. While for the sigma value before improvement for 1 CTQ of 3.04, the sigma value increased to 3.42 after improvement. The factors contributing to defective products, as illustrated by the fishbone diagram, include methods, personnel, materials, machinery, and environmental conditions. The division leader consistently oversees and regulates operations, enhances the number of brushes, and trains operators to ensure proficient adherence to standard operating procedures (SOP).

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder resulting from impaired blood clotting. This disorder can be caused by coagulation factor abnormalities due to a deficiency of clotting factors, including vitamin K. A lack of vitamin K disrupts the coagulation process, increasing the tendency for bleeding. This article aims to determine whether there is an influence of vitamin K levels on the blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients. Searching any information needed by analyzing kinds of papers of recent research from the year of 2014 until 2024. Online databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate  are utilized by inserting relevant keywords, such as hemophilia, blood clotting factors, vitamin K deficiency and extraction. From 10 articles reviewed, a relationship was identified between vitamin K levels and blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients. Individuals with severe hemophilia experience bleeding episodes characterized by delayed onset, as well as bleeding into muscles, joints, and other internal structures, including the brain. Hemophilia is typically diagnosed through the identification of low or absent levels of FVIII:C or FIX:C. The genes encoding FVIII and FIX are located on the long arm of the X chromosome. Hemophilia A and B are the only hereditary clotting disorders inherited in a sex-linked recessive pattern. Vitamin K levels can influence the blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients, particularly those factors synthesized artificially.