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This article analyzes the song "Sukatani" by Sukatani Band as a form of musical expression that represents Eastern nuances within a post-punk aesthetic framework. The research was conducted using a qualitative-descriptive approach through a music analysis method based on Jan LaRue's theory in Guidelines for Style Analysis (1970), which includes six main parameters: melody, harmony, rhythm, texture, form, and instrumentation. This analysis aims to reveal how the musical elements in the song can be read as a meeting between the post-punk idiom born in the West and the local socio-cultural context in Indonesia. The research findings show that "Sukatani" combines a minor pentatonic scale and repetitive structure as distinctive Eastern musical characteristics, while maintaining the monotonous and intense impression synonymous with post-punk aesthetics. From a lyrical perspective, the use of ngapak language not only strengthens local identity but also presents an authentic expression close to the daily lives of rural communities. The lyrics voice social criticism regarding class inequality, state repression, and respect for peasant labor as the foundation of collective life. Thus, music is not merely an aesthetic medium, but also a means of articulating cultural resistance against the dominance of central discourse and the hegemony of mainstream popular culture. Furthermore, analysis of texture and instrumentation reveals a combination of distorted guitars, repetitive bass patterns, and rigid drum beats, all of which create a tense yet meditative atmosphere. 

Indonesia, as one of the world’s megabiodiversity countries, possesses vast tropical forests rich in biodiversity and natural resources. Recognizing their ecological and socio-economic importance, the Indonesian government has introduced various forestry policies to preserve forest ecosystems and improve community welfare. One of the key strategies is decentralized forest management, designed to encourage participatory, inclusive, and locally contextual governance. This study adopts a literature review method, drawing from previous research, scientific articles, and relevant policy documents. The objective is to deepen the understanding of deforestation reduction ef-forts, particularly in the context of limited awareness regarding community activities that may harm both social life and environmental sustainability. The primary focus is on assessing the im-pacts of deforestation on socio-ecological resilience, with special attention to the effectiveness of decentralized forestry policies. Findings indicate that deforestation exerts significant and multi-faceted effects on resilience, especially in communities highly dependent on forests for livelihoods and living space. From an ecological perspective, deforestation contributes to biodiversity loss, degradation of ecosystem services, declining soil quality, and weakened ecosystem resilience against environmental change. Such ecological disruptions threaten environmental balance and increase the risks of disasters and natural resource crises, which can have long-lasting implications. Socially, deforestation can undermine local livelihoods, exacerbate poverty, and weaken traditional knowledge systems. These combined effects reduce a community’s capacity to adapt to environ-mental challenges. Therefore, strengthening forestry governance—particularly through decentral-ization and enhanced community participation—is essential to curb deforestation and safeguard socio-ecological sustainability at the local level. Effective implementation requires aligning policy frameworks with local needs, empowering community institutions, and ensuring equitable access to forest benefits.

Negotiation is the most fundamental form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), emphasizing the peaceful settlement of conflicts through direct dialogue between disputing parties without involving a third party. In Indonesia, negotiation has become one of the most widely used ADR mechanisms and has developed across various fields, including civil law, labor relations, administrative disputes, and environmental issues. This study aims to analyze negotiation as an ADR forum from two main perspectives. First, a theoretical review that examines the principles of negotiation, its stages, as well as its advantages and limitations compared to other dispute resolution mechanisms. Second, a practical review that elaborates on the implementation of negotiation within the Indonesian legal context through case studies of disputes resolved through negotiation. The research employs a normative-juridical approach to analyze the legal foundations and principles governing negotiation, combined with an empirical review through case data exploration and interviews with legal practitioners. The findings indicate that negotiation offers several advantages, including efficiency in time and cost, procedural flexibility, and the potential for mutually beneficial solutions (win–win solutions). However, this study also identifies challenges such as unequal bargaining positions between parties, limited legal recognition of negotiation outcomes, and the insufficient capacity of negotiators or informal mediators to fully grasp legal aspects. Based on these findings, the study recommends several strategic steps: enhancing legal recognition and protection for negotiation outcomes, strengthening the capacity and competence of negotiators through legal and communication skills training, and expanding the use of negotiation as an initial step in resolving various types of disputes. With stronger legal frameworks and improved human resources, negotiation has the potential to become a more effective, efficient, and sustainable dispute resolution instrument in Indonesia.

The compensation system is an important element in human resource management, because it plays a direct role in influencing employee motivation, performance, and job satisfaction. In human resource management, the existence of human resources plays a vital role that must be considered by the company, including in terms of compensation. The ideal compensation system is one based on the principles of fairness and appropriateness, which can be directly felt by employees. The assessment of fairness and appropriateness can be seen from several dimensions, namely the internal dimension relating to the suitability of workload and rewards received, the external dimension considering company policies and market standards, and the individual dimension relating to the ability of compensation to meet employee living needs. Based on this, this study focuses on the compensation system implemented at the Double-Tree By Hilton Bintaro Jaya Hotel, specifically for banquet kitchen staff consisting of contract staff and daily workers. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results show that the compensation system for contract staff has been running optimally. From the internal side, the workload is considered commensurate with the rewards received. Externally, the compensation provided is competitive compared to competing companies. Furthermore, from an individual perspective, employees' living needs are met, even supported by a substantial service charge that exceeds their base salary. However, for daily workers, the compensation system is deemed suboptimal. Although their workload is equivalent to that of contract staff, their compensation is not the same, and they do not receive a service charge. Based on these findings, this study recommends optimizing the compensation system, particularly for daily workers, to ensure fairness and equity across all staff levels, thereby increasing work motivation, loyalty, and overall performance.

This study aims to examine creative strategies for fiction writing involving collaboration between humans and AI (ChatGPT) in the Kompasiana blogger community in Semarang. Using a qualitative approach, this study collected data through in-depth interviews with four informants active in AI-assisted fiction writing. The interviews revealed a shift in the role of AI, where AI no longer functions solely as a technical tool but rather as an imaginative partner collaborating with writers in the creative process. During the writing process, writers negotiated with AI regarding style and story structure, and reflected deeply on their creative process. They also faced ethical dilemmas, particularly regarding the originality and authenticity of their work, arising from the use of AI technology. While AI writers provided new ideas and inspiration, they also demanded further considerations regarding copyright and author credibility. These findings were analyzed using the theories of Extended Mind, Distributed Cognition, and Reflective Practice to understand the dynamics of human-machine interaction in a creative context. This study proposes a dialectical and symbiotic model of creative interaction, in which writers and AI influence each other in producing fictional works. This model emphasizes that AI-assisted fiction writing is not just about efficiency in producing work, but also a process of redefining creative agency. This research demonstrates how human-machine collaboration in digital literacy can change our perspective on creative roles and ethics in the world of writing. Furthermore, this research explores the impact of AI use on the learning process of writers within the blogging community. AI, in this case ChatGPT, not only contributes to the final product but also plays a role in broadening the writer's insight into writing techniques, idea exploration, and character development.

Waste management is a major challenge in sustainable development, particularly in areas with tourism potential. Paya Jeget Village, Pegasing District, Central Aceh Regency, a developing tourist destination, is addressing waste management issues that require serious attention. The increasing number of tourists visiting the village has the potential to significantly increase the volume of waste generated. Without proper management, this condition can threaten environmental sustainability and public health. Therefore, a community-based waste management approach is needed that involves the active participation of all stakeholders, from village government, community leaders, tourism operators, and the general public. The objectives of this community service activity are to increase public knowledge and awareness about sustainable waste management, develop an integrated community-based waste management system, and establish independent community waste management groups to realize a clean and healthy tourist destination. Implementation methods include outreach and education, practical training, the formation of working groups, and ongoing mentoring to ensure the program runs consistently. The community service activities carried out on June 2, 2025 have achieved the following results: 45 participants participated in the outreach activities, 90% of participants understood the importance of waste from a religious and environmental perspective, the formation of collective awareness to maintain environmental cleanliness, the formation of a waste management group consisting of 15 members, the availability of waste sorting places at three strategic points, the implementation of waste sorting activities at the household level, and the start of organic waste composting activities. In addition, this activity also succeeded in fostering a spirit of mutual cooperation in waste management and improving residents' skills in processing organic waste into compost.

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has become a dominant trend in modern buying and selling transactions, offering easy access and efficiency. Marketplaces like Shopee act as intermediaries between merchants and buyers, providing fast, secure, and integrated transaction facilities. However, behind this convenience, significant legal issues arise, particularly regarding unilateral transaction cancellations by buyers through the refund feature. In practice, these refund requests are generally approved by the marketplace without thorough verification of the validity of the cancellation reason or the existence of the goods already shipped by the merchant. This study aims to analyze the legality of unilateral cancellations by buyers from the perspective of Indonesian civil law, with reference to the provisions of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and the concept of electronic contracts as stipulated in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE). The study uses a normative juridical approach by examining laws and regulations, legal literature, and analyzing two case studies involving merchants BZS and HK. The results indicate that unilateral cancellations by buyers without returning the goods constitute a form of breach of contract. This action not only violates the electronic contractual agreement established during the transaction but also causes financial and reputational harm to merchants. This phenomenon indicates weak legal protection for business actors in the e-commerce ecosystem, particularly regarding the bargaining power between sellers, buyers, and marketplace platforms. Therefore, strengthening fair and transparent digital dispute resolution mechanisms is necessary, including preventive legal protection to prevent losses and repressive protection to provide redress for injured parties. This step is crucial for realizing a healthy, balanced, and equitable digital trade ecosystem for all parties involved.

This research was motivated by public hesitation to invest in digital gold through the Dana app, which refers to Fatwa No. 77/DSN-MUI/V/2010 concerning non-cash gold buying and selling. This fatwa serves as a guideline for Muslims investing in gold. Furthermore, the author has not found any licensing from the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) for the Dana app. Furthermore, several students at Batang Hari Islamic University (UNI) have the Dana app and use it to invest in gold. They were seen buying gold on a certain day and reselling it the next day. The added value from the sale was a profit for the students, but there was also a loss for students who exchanged their gold purchases when the price of gold fell. Furthermore, this research is designed in the form of field research (Empirical Jurisprudence), which is a type of sociological legal research and can be described as field research, which examines applicable legal provisions and what has occurred in community life. Using observation, interview, and documentation techniques, data analysis and triangulation are then carried out. The conclusion that can be drawn from the previous description is that the Digital Gold Investment Practice on the Dana Application at Batang Hari Islamic University in its mechanism on the Gold Fund feature is carried out non-cash where the certainty of the object, namely gold, is only in the form of savings balances in the form of rupiah and digital gold weight with no physical gold ownership if the gold savings have not reached 1 gram. In gold investment transactions on the Dana application, the results show that smaller profits are obtained by buyers due to certain problems related to the buyers themselves. The Digital Gold Investment Practice on the Dana application in the Islamic Law Perspective at Batang Hari Islamic University, by juxtaposing several related fatwas, in practice in Islamic law, the investment practice in the Gold Fund feature is considered to contain gharar related to gold objects that have no physical clarity.

This article examines Ibn Khaldun's philosophical perspective on wages and its relevance to the wage system in Indonesia in the modern era. Ibn Khaldun, a prominent 14th-century Muslim thinker, emphasized that wages are closely linked to the value of work, social justice, and the economic stability of a society. In his Muqaddimah, he emphasized that establishing fair wages is not merely an economic issue but also a moral and social pillar that can prevent societal disintegration. Equitable wages, he argued, must be able to guarantee a decent living for workers and their families, while also supporting continued productivity and social cohesion. This study uses a qualitative normative approach through content analysis of relevant texts in the Muqaddimah and comparing them with wage policies in Indonesia, including minimum wage regulations, labor protection, and welfare policies. Data were obtained from library research, national regulations, and recent academic literature on wage policies. The results of the study indicate that although Indonesia has a minimum wage regulation, its implementation still faces significant challenges, particularly in ensuring fairness for informal sector and low-income workers. Factors such as regional economic inequality, inflation, and weak labor oversight often undermine the effectiveness of these policies. By revisiting the principles of Ibn Khaldun, this article offers the perspective that ideal wages should not only be measured by labor market needs but should also integrate principles of ethics, morality, and social responsibility. This integration is expected to strengthen worker welfare, increase national productivity, and maintain long-term economic stability. This study also provides a relevant philosophical framework for critiquing and reforming wage policies in Indonesia, with reference to the values of justice and welfare in classical Islamic economics.

In a global context marked by religious pluralism, secularization, and a crisis of faith identity, a theological understanding of God’s covenant with Abraham (Genesis 12:1–3) becomes increasingly significant. The rise of postmodern thought has weakened grand narratives, including the theological narrative of Christianity, leading to a fragmented understanding of faith. This study aims to explore the theological, spiritual, and social implications of the Abrahamic covenant using a contextual hermeneutical approach that engages with the current socio-religious realities of Indonesia.The covenant highlights God’s unilateral initiative, a structure of blessing that encompasses personal, national, and universal dimensions, and a call to faith that demands obedience amid uncertainty. Its relevance is evident in shaping the church’s identity as a covenant community, fostering a holistic missional paradigm, and cultivating a spirituality rooted in divine grace. In the Indonesian context, the principle of “blessed to be a blessing” challenges the church to engage actively in social transformation and interfaith dialogue.This study also examines the covenant’s contribution to the development of ecclesiology, missiology, and Christian ethics, while reaffirming the importance of a faith grounded in trust rather than certainty. Through interviews and literature review, the research offers a theologically reflective and contextually grounded perspective. The findings demonstrate that the Abrahamic covenant is not only a historical foundation of Christian faith but also a spiritual blueprint for the contemporary church to respond to the challenges of the age with obedience, courage, and an inclusive missional vision

Religiousness in the context of religious life in Indonesia is not only seen in the diversity between religions, but also within the same religion with differences in religious beliefs and practices. Each individual or group has its own way of expressing their beliefs, which are often influenced by local cultural backgrounds and traditions. Indonesia, as a country rich in culture, has a legacy of traditions that are still embedded in people's lives, including in religious practices. In Sari Rejo Village, the funeral procession is one concrete manifestation of the fusion of religious values ​​and hereditary traditions. However, within the community there are groups who adhere to pure Islamic law, without mixing religious teachings with ancestral traditions. This difference in perspective triggers social conflict between adherents of religious law and adherents of tradition. This conflict does not stop at differences in practice, but develops into a form of social discrimination against adherents of religious law. This condition gives rise to social inequality that can disrupt the harmony of community life. This study aims to answer several main questions: (1) what is the form and meaning of funeral traditions in Sari Rejo Village? (2) why social inequality arises in these funeral ceremonies? (3) how are traditional adherents treated differently compared to adherents of religious law? (The text appears to be incomplete and should be omitted.) The research method used is qualitative, relying on primary and secondary data, and direct field observations. The results indicate that the majority of Sari Rejo residents, as adherents of tradition, tend to discriminate against adherents of religious law. This is evident in the differences in treatment, attitudes, and social acceptance of those who choose to practice their religion according to its guidance without incorporating traditional elements. These findings confirm that differences in religious practice, even within the same religion, can become a source of social inequality if not managed wisely.

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing passenger satisfaction at airports through three main perspectives: service, technology, and operations. The background of this research is based on the increasing competition between airports in providing an optimal travel experience amidst the development of the aviation industry and the increasing passenger demands for service quality. This study uses a literature study approach by analyzing ten selected scientific journals that specifically discuss airport service quality from various perspectives. The results of the study indicate that the service perspective, specifically those encompassing SERVQUAL dimensions such as reliability, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, and tangibles, has a significant contribution in shaping the perception and satisfaction of airport service users. The technology perspective also plays a significant role, particularly through the implementation of self-services such as self-check-in, Flight Information Display Sistem (FIDS), e-gates, and digital service applications that simplify the travel process. One of the studies analyzed shows that the application of technology can contribute up to 96.8% to user satisfaction, indicating the significant role of digitalization in this industry. From the operational side, factors such as speed of service at the check-in counter, queue time management, completeness and cleanliness of public facilities, and ease of access to the terminal have an equally important influence. These findings underscore that passenger satisfaction is influenced not only by service quality at the point of direct interaction, but also by the smoothness of the overall operational flow. The study's conclusions emphasize the importance of integrating these three perspectives in strategic planning for airport service improvement.  

This community service activity aims to enhance the understanding of spatial perspectives in legal permitting processes among urban property developers. The main issue identified is the lack of knowledge regarding zoning and spatial planning, which often leads to permit rejections or illegal developments. The program was implemented through public education, technical training, and simulations using digital zoning maps. Evaluation results showed an average increase of 31.6 points in participants’ understanding from pre-test to post-test. Furthermore, over 70% of participants were able to access zoning portals and began drafting permit documents in accordance with the spatial plan. This program contributes to building legally aware developer communities, supporting orderly urban spatial planning, and promoting sustainable and participatory development.

The rapid development of information and communication technology has brought significant changes to social, economic, and political life in Indonesia. However, the complex and rapidly changing dynamics of cyberspace present major challenges in statute, personal data protection, disinformation, and cybersecurity. Unfortunately, the existing regulatory framework is still sectoral and has not yet responded holistically to the various digital issues that arise. This fragmented approach often leads to overlapping authorities, inconsistent enforcement, and gaps in addressing emerging cyber threats. Therefore, the establishment of the National Digital Commission is urgently needed as an independent institution tasked with coordinating, formulating, and overseeing digital policies in an integrated and systematic manner. This commission should consist of multidisciplinary experts in law, technology, and public policy, ensuring balanced perspectives in policy formulation. In addition, it should serve as a bridge between the government, the private sector, and civil society to facilitate inclusive and transparent digital governance. The National Digital Commission is expected to ensure cyberspace governance that is responsive to technological developments while maintaining digital resilience. It must also actively promote digital literacy, ethical online behavior, and responsible use of social media platforms to combat hoaxes and hate speech. Furthermore, the commission must strengthen Indonesia’s cybersecurity infrastructure to protect national interests and uphold the rights of its citizens in the digital space. By creating a unified regulatory framework and robust oversight mechanism, Indonesia can build a safer and more democratic digital ecosystem. This effort is essential in reinforcing accountability, defending cybersecurity, advancing democracy, ensuring governance, and safeguarding innovation in the face of rapid digital transformation.

This study analyzes the phenomenon of judgmental attitudes among women in public spaces, particularly in women-only train carriages, through the perspective of radical feminism and the concept of internalized misogyny. Internalized misogyny is a form of internalization of sexist and discriminatory values ​​against women that are accepted and carried out by women themselves without realizing it, as a result of the influence of patriarchal culture that has taken root in society. This judgmental attitude appears in the form of rivalry, mutual demeaning, and the tendency to compare oneself with other women to gain validation or feel superior. A case study conducted in a women-only train carriage shows that spaces that should be safe for women actually create new social dynamics, such as competition for facilities, conflicts between passengers, and the erosion of empathy and solidarity among women. These findings indicate that internalized misogyny exacerbates negative stereotypes against women and strengthens rivalries between them, thus creating an environment that does not support solidarity. For example, women tend to demean each other or feel threatened when they are in spaces that should be safe for them. This research highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of internalized misogyny and its impact on women's social interactions in public spaces, as this phenomenon hinders the creation of more equal and supportive relationships between women. A deeper understanding of these dynamics can facilitate women's empowerment and foster stronger solidarity within society. Therefore, it is crucial for women to dismantle their internalized patriarchal values to foster equality and support among women in public spaces.

This study aims to analyze the application of laws and regulations relevant to the topic discussed by employing a normative legal research method. Normative legal research is a method focused on the study of legal norms, doctrines, and principles found in legislation and scholarly writings. In this study, two main approaches are applied: the statute approach and the conceptual approach. The statute approach involves a systematic examination of legal provisions found in various legal instruments, including laws, government regulations, ministerial regulations, and other related legal sources. By analyzing these written norms, the research seeks to identify the legal basis that governs the issue under study. This approach enables the researcher to determine the extent to which existing regulations are relevant, consistent, and effectively implemented in addressing the legal problem. Meanwhile, the conceptual approach is used to explore the legal theories, principles, and definitions that underlie the legal rules being analyzed. This approach allows the study to go beyond the textual interpretation of law and delve into the conceptual framework that gives meaning to legal provisions. It includes an analysis of key legal doctrines, theoretical perspectives, and fundamental legal concepts such as justice, legal certainty, and legal responsibility. Combining these two approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of how the law is both applied and interpreted in the context of the research topic. It helps uncover inconsistencies, gaps, or overlaps in the regulatory framework, and also facilitates a deeper reflection on the rationale behind the law. Moreover, this methodology allows for the formulation of constructive legal arguments and recommendations, based on a sound interpretation of legal norms and principles.

The presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle in the criminal justice system that serves to protect the rights of the accused from the risk of unfair punishment. This principle states that a person is presumed innocent until proven legally and convincingly guilty of committing a crime before a court. This research uses an empirical juridical method, namely a legal approach that examines how positive law, especially unwritten law, is applied in society. In this context, the research highlights the implementation of the presumption of innocence in criminal justice practices in Indonesia. The application of the presumption of innocence is very important for the judicial process to run fairly, directed, and achieve the main objectives of criminal justice, namely upholding justice, legal certainty, and legal order. The relationship between this principle and human rights is very close, because with this principle, suspects and defendants are guaranteed to obtain legal protection during the legal process. Rights such as not being treated as guilty before a court decision, the right to defense, and the right to humane treatment are part of this principle. Enforcing the presumption of innocence is not only the responsibility of law enforcement officers such as the police, prosecutors, and judges, but also all elements of society. Therefore, it is crucial for every citizen to understand and respect this principle in their social lives, especially in responding to ongoing legal cases. As a concrete implementation, law enforcement must implement policies that protect the public and maintain a sense of security, for example by increasing surveillance in crime-prone areas. This way, the law can be enforced fairly, and public trust in the criminal justice system will increase. The presumption of innocence is a crucial foundation for the creation of humane and fair trials in Indonesia.

This research aims to analyze the financial feasibility and marketing strategy of Etawa goat farming in Kaligesing District, which is recognized as one of the main centers for Etawa goat breeding in Indonesia. The case study was conducted at Setia Farm, a representative and active breeder in the region. The financial analysis employed several indicators, including Break-Even Point (BEP), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Gross Benefit-Cost Ratio (Gross B/C). The findings show that the Gross B/C value reached 4.7, indicating a high return compared to investment cost. The NPV value was positive, and the IRR exceeded the prevailing loan interest rate, highlighting that the business generates significant profitability over time. Additionally, the BEP was achieved in a relatively short period, which signifies the business has strong potential for short-term capital recovery and low financial risk. From a marketing perspective, Setia Farm implements a combination of product excellence, adaptive pricing strategies, diverse distribution channels, and active promotional efforts. Their flagship products—mainly superior Etawa goats and processed dairy products—are positioned to meet market demand effectively. The farm also uses both direct marketing and digital platforms, such as social media and e-commerce, to expand its reach. Promotion is carried out through agricultural events, online campaigns, and collaboration with livestock communities. These strategies contribute to increasing brand awareness, building customer loyalty, and improving competitiveness. The integration of financial feasibility and strategic marketing supports the sustainability and growth of Etawa goat farming in Kaligesing. The results of this study can serve as a reference for livestock entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers in developing similar agribusiness models that are profitable, resilient, and market-oriented.

Globalization has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including the realm of religion, particularly in the field of hadith interpretation. For centuries, hadith interpretation was based on historical context, established scientific methods, and the authority of scholars as the primary reference. However, the rapid and geographically boundless connection of Muslims worldwide has brought new and complex challenges. These changes have not only affected the way scholars and historians understand classical texts but have also expanded the space for discussion into the public sphere through digital technology. This research aims to examine in depth how globalization influences the process of hadith interpretation in the contemporary era. The focus of the study includes changes in methodological approaches to interpretation, shifts in understanding of classical texts, and the influence of cross-cultural interactions and the development of digital media on shaping more pluralistic religious perspectives. The rapid flow of information enables the exchange of views across countries, schools of thought, and cultures, creating opportunities for enriching insight, but also potentially giving rise to interpretations that deviate from traditional principles. The results of this research are expected to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the positive and negative impacts of globalization on hadith interpretation. On the positive side, globalization can facilitate access to literature, encourage interfaith dialogue, and revitalize the Islamic intellectual tradition on a global scale. However, on the negative side, globalization also risks the desires of scholarly authorities, giving rise to instant interpretations without a strong methodology, and increasing the potential for conflicting understandings. These findings are expected to be relevant for understanding contemporary social, cultural, and political dynamics, as well as contributing to efforts to construct contextual interpretations of hadith while remaining anchored in solid scientific principles.

Amidst increasing guest expectations for accommodation cleanliness and comfort, the implementation of standard operating procedures (SOPs) in housekeeping services has become a crucial aspect in the hospitality industry. Good guest room cleanliness not only enhances comfort but also strengthens an accommodation's image and reputation. One example of an accommodation that implements a room cleaning SOP is Palm Homestay Kuta Lombok. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the SOP for guest room cleaning at Palm Homestay Kuta Lombok, evaluate the extent to which the SOP is implemented, and identify problems encountered and possible solutions for improvement. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Observations were conducted directly in the field to assess how the room cleaning SOP is implemented, while interviews were conducted with housekeeping staff and management to obtain their perspectives on obstacles and solutions encountered in the cleaning process. The documentation collected includes written SOPs and supervisory notes conducted by management. Based on the research results, the implementation of the room cleaning SOP at Palm Homestay Kuta Lombok can be said to be running quite well. However, several obstacles remain, such as inappropriate placement of amenities, inconsistent dusting methods, and limited cleaning equipment. These obstacles can impact the quality of room cleaning and guest comfort. Although improvements have been made, such as regular supervision and more consistent use of cleaning equipment, employee training still needs to be maximized. As a solution, this study recommends optimizing the budget allocation for employee training, with the aim of improving staff skills and understanding of the implemented SOPs.