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Bali Province has a high population density, which has the potential to affect the distribution of infectious diseases such as diarrhea. However, mapping the distribution of diarrhea cases based on population density is still limited and does not meet good cartographic principles. Therefore, this study aims to present data on the distribution of diarrhea cases based on population density in Bali Province during the 2020-2022 period. This study used an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. The data used were secondary data from the Bali Province Health Profile and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for 2020-2022. Data analysis was carried out using geographic mapping with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical tests in the form of multiple linear regression and Spearman correlation. The results showed an increase in the strength of the relationship between population density and the number of diarrhea cases, as indicated by the rho value which increased from 0.1833 in 2020 to 0.6000 in 2022. However, this relationship was not statistically significant (p-value > 0.05), indicating that population density is not the only factor contributing to the increase in diarrhea cases. Other factors such as sanitation, access to clean water, and public awareness in maintaining hygiene also play a role in the spread of this disease. Although there is a trend that an increase in population density in Bali goes hand in hand with an increase in diarrhea cases, this relationship is not statistically strong enough. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to address diarrhea cases, including improved sanitation facilities, public health education, as well as strengthening the spatial data-based disease monitoring system.

Knee osteoarthritis is a global health issue with increasing prevalence, particularly among the elderly population. This condition is characterized by primary symptoms such as joint pain, stiffness, and reduced physical function, which significantly limit the patient's daily activities. One promising non-pharmacological approach to managing knee osteoarthritis is Home-Based Resistance Training (HBRT). HBRT combines the effectiveness of resistance training with the convenience of being performed at home and is increasingly supported by advancements in telerehabilitation technology. This study is a systematic review conducted based on the PRISMA-P guidelines, with literature searches from PubMed, Scopus, Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. The included articles were English-language publications from 2019 to 2024 that evaluated the effectiveness of HBRT in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The findings indicate that HBRT is significantly effective in reducing joint pain, with a decrease in WOMAC scores ranging from 24.78% to 29.64% (p < 0.001), and improving physical function by 21.54% to 30.2%. These improvements meet the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) criteria, indicating clinically significant benefits. Furthermore, the effectiveness of HBRT is comparable to machine-based training, particularly in patients with high baseline severity. With standardized exercise protocols and adequate technological support, HBRT can be considered a feasible and effective intervention strategy in the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis patients, especially in the digital era and in contexts where access to conventional healthcare facilities is limited.

Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquito in urban environments and Aedes albopictus in rural settings. This disease is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions and is a significant public health concern due to its potentially severe clinical manifestations. This case study presents an 8-year-old boy who was admitted to the hospital with complaints of a high-grade fever lasting for approximately three days. The fever was intermittent and accompanied by chills, which raised suspicions of a viral infection. In addition to fever, the patient also experienced dizziness with a spinning sensation, occasional cough, and flatulence. A thorough clinical evaluation was conducted, including history taking, physical examination, and supporting laboratory tests. Based on the clinical findings and laboratory results, the patient was diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) grade I. DHF grade I is characterized by fever, positive tourniquet test, and evidence of plasma leakage without spontaneous bleeding. The patient was managed with supportive therapy, including fluid replacement and close monitoring of vital signs and hematocrit levels to prevent the progression to more severe stages of dengue. No significant complications occurred during the hospital stay. After a period of observation and clinical improvement, the patient was discharged in good condition. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and accurate diagnosis of DHF in pediatric patients, especially in endemic areas. Prompt and appropriate management is essential to prevent complications and ensure recovery. Continuous public health education and vector control remain key strategies in reducing dengue incidence and severity.

Pregnancy planning is an important factor in ensuring maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and reducing the risk of complications that can lead to maternal and infant mortality. This study aims to describe the level of public awareness in the Parang Banoa Environment, Parang Banoa Village, Pallangga District, Gowa Regency, regarding safe pregnancy and childbirth planning. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive approach, data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires processed using the SPSS application. Respondents in this study consisted of 23 families who had pregnant women. The results showed that most respondents, namely 86.9%, planned their pregnancies well, which indicates a high level of awareness of the importance of pregnancy planning. In addition, 86.9% of pregnant women also planned to save for childbirth costs, indicating their financial readiness. However, awareness of planning prospective blood donors is still low, with only 43.5% of respondents planning prospective blood donors during childbirth. The results of the study showed that 100% of respondents had planned transportation for childbirth, with the majority choosing an ambulance or mobile health center car as a means of transportation. In terms of birth attendants, most respondents (73.91%) chose doctors as their birth attendants. Based on these findings, it is recommended that public education be increased regarding planning for prospective blood donors, financial literacy to save on birth costs, and choosing safe transportation. In addition, it is important to continue to strengthen understanding of the importance of choosing competent medical personnel as birth attendants to ensure the safety of the mother and baby during the birth process.

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to the emergence of new crimes, including the misuse of deepfake technology to produce and distribute pornographic content without the victim's consent. This form of digital sexual harassment has serious impacts on victims' dignity, mental health, and social life. This study aims to examine the efforts of Police in addressing sexual harassment crimes using deepfake porn and to identify the obstacles faced. Using normative and empirical legal approaches, data were collected through literature review and interviews. The findings reveal that the police efforts involve both penal (law enforcement) and non-penal (preventive) approaches, including public education, cross-institutional collaboration, and cyber patrols. However, the handling of such crimes is still hindered by regulatory gaps, limited technology, and low public awareness. Strengthening legal frameworks and police capacity is essential to effectively combat digital-based sexual crimes.

Mojolaban is one of the sub-districts in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java. Mojolaban Sub-district has a Health Center as its role in the field of public health at the first level with 2 health centers, namely Mojolaban Health Center as the main health center and Jati Malang Health Center as a supporting health center. The 10 largest number of diseases in Mojolaban Health Center is in the elderly. When the elderly experience a degenerative process due to the aging process, one of which is changes in the neurological system so that the elderly experience cognitive decline. The purpose of this program is to help provide education, prevention and maintain these changes so that they do not worsen. The method used is education in the form of counseling and providing leaflets to the Healthy Jaya Abadi Elderly Post Community in Wirun Village. The results of the pre-test and post-test questionnaires to assess understanding showed a significant increase in understanding with an average pre-test value of 20% and an average post-test value of 80%.

This study examines the importance of educating the community about access to proper sanitation facilities, especially toilets, in Kendal Regency. This study explores the effectiveness of public service advertisements (PSAs), especially posters, in raising awareness about sanitation. Using a qualitative research approach, this study combines data collection methods such as interviews, observations, and literature studies to design this PSA campaign. The analysis was conducted using Robin Landa's design process approach with the stages of orientation, analysis, concept, design, and implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of an educational approach that is tailored to local social and cultural conditions to address sanitation problems. The findings of the study indicate that public service advertisements through posters are an effective tool for changing community behavior and creating a healthier environment by promoting good sanitation habits. This study concludes that continued efforts are needed to strengthen the reach and impact of sanitation awareness campaigns, by involving relevant parties, such as local governments, health facilities, and community leaders, to ensure widespread adoption of better sanitation practices. This study contributes to efforts to improve sanitation in rural areas by proposing practical solutions for effective public education campaigns.

Degenerative diseases are a global health problem with increasing prevalence, including in Indonesia. This disease can cause serious complications in vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, and brain. Therefore, preventive efforts are needed through education and nutritional innovation. This community service program aims to provide education on molecular examinations for degenerative diseases and introduce the Watermelon Lemonade innovation as preventive nutrition. The activity was carried out in Dukuh Branglor, Mancasan Village, with the pre-test method, educational presentation, Q&A, product demonstration, and post-test. The results of the activity showed an increase in public knowledge about hypertension and its examination, as well as high enthusiasm for the Watermelon Lemonade innovation. Based on the results of the activity, it can be seen that molecular examinations can be used to diagnose hypertension through analysis of genetic biomarkers, proteins, and metabolites, and the Watermelon Lemonade innovation has the potential to help lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The success of this program was shown by an increase in the average pre-test score of 58.46 to 86.67 in the post-test. The Wilcoxon test showed (p < 0.001), indicating a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results and proving an increase in participant understanding. The questionnaire results showed a high level of satisfaction from participants with the delivery of materials, product manufacturing demonstrations, and practical benefits that can be applied in everyday life. The Watermelon Lemonade innovation is not only useful as an alternative to preventing hypertension, but also has the potential to be further developed as a health product based on natural ingredients.

The study looks at fiscal federalism, which is the distribution of resources between federating entities so that they can carry out their constitutional duties. The goal of this study was to identify the fundamental imperatives of fiscal federalism for the advancement of the country. In Nigeria's new democratic environment, the relative roles of the federal government, state governments, and local government authority (LGAs) in providing public services have become one of the most crucial subjects of candid and heated discussion. Federalism, fiscal federalism, and development were conceptually explained from the outset, and it became clear that the principles of fiscal autonomy and integrity are critical to the survival and ongoing existence of a properly federating form of government. In order to ascertain how the federal arrangements affect the provision of basic services in four crucial areas, the analysis will make use of fieldwork conducted in six states and twelve LGAs. primary health care, primary education, clean water and sanitation, and local roads that connect communities to marketplaces, schools, and medical facilities. The paper, which was based on Buchan Fiscal Residuum Theory, attempted to accomplish the study's goal by balancing the value of the public services returned to individuals with the payments paid. According to the article, the conflicting problems and difficulties of fiscal federalism may manifest as a misalignment between the functions of the different levels of government and the sources of money. According to the paper's conclusion and recommendations, it is important to make sure that revenue allocation encourages state and local governments to increase internal revenue generation rather than relying only on funding from In order to clearly define the duties to be carried out by each level of government, the federation account and intergovernmental relations issues should be examined and respected.

A healthy latrine is one of the essential sanitation facilities aimed at maintaining environmental health and improving public health in general. This research was conducted because the use of healthy latrines in Webetun Village remains low, where defecating in the forest has become a common practice among the community. This habit triggers the emergence of diseases such as diarrhea, malnutrition, undernutrition, dengue fever, and respiratory infections. This study aims to examine the behavior of latrine use in households in Webetun Village, Rinhat Subdistrict, Malaka Regency. This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study involved 66 housewives who owned healthy latrines, selected through simple random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. The results showed that variables such as latrine ownership (p=0.000) and water availability (p=0.000) were significantly associated with latrine use, while knowledge (p=0.681), attitude (p=0.588), actions (p=0.007), community leader support (p=0.081), and health worker support (p=0.069) were not significantly associated with latrine use. The findings revealed that water availability significantly influences latrine use. The availability of water facilitates family members in utilizing latrine facilities for activities such as flushing and maintaining cleanliness. Water availability also contributes to user comfort in maintaining latrine hygiene. Conversely, water scarcity hinders optimal latrine use by family members, potentially reducing utilization levels. The study findings also identified a correlation between latrine ownership and its use. Families are considered critical factors in shaping individual health behavior. The relationship between proper latrine ownership and usage behavior can be seen through the role of education in increasing awareness levels for adopting a healthy and clean lifestyle. 

Online gambling has increasingly become a major social issue, particularly in the context of family and marital stability. This study aims to explore and analyze the impact of online gambling addiction on marital relationships, with a focus on the causes leading to divorce. Employing a qualitative research approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with individuals and couples who had experienced divorce as a direct consequence of one partner’s online gambling behavior. The results of this study reveal that online gambling addiction significantly contributes to financial instability, emotional distance, repeated conflicts, and the eventual breakdown of communication and trust within the relationship. Many participants reported experiencing feelings of betrayal, frustration, and emotional exhaustion due to the compulsive gambling behavior of their partners. In several cases, gambling debts resulted in the sale of family assets and prolonged financial insecurity, which further strained the relationship. Moreover, the secrecy surrounding gambling activities often led to the erosion of mutual respect and transparency between spouses. This research underscores the urgent need for public education and policy intervention to mitigate the negative effects of online gambling on families. Support systems such as counseling, rehabilitation programs, and financial planning services are crucial to help affected individuals recover and rebuild their lives. By shedding light on the destructive nature of online gambling on family dynamics, this study aims to contribute to the broader discourse on mental health, addiction, and the preservation of marital stability in the digital age.

Background: Injectable contraception is the most widely used method by women in Indonesia; however, its effectiveness heavily depends on adherence to follow-up visits. Non-adherence to the injection schedule increases the risk of unintended pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving the knowledge and adherence of injectable contraceptive acceptors at Posi-Posi Community Health Center. Methods: The study used a Pre-Experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The sample consisted of 30 respondents selected using total sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test. Results: The mean knowledge score increased significantly from 1.73 to 1.37 (p-value 0.000). The level of adherence also showed a significant increase from a mean of 1.27 to 1.07 (p-value 0.031). After the education, the number of adherent acceptors increased from 73.3% to 90%. Conclusion: The provision of education is significantly effective in improving the knowledge and follow-up visit adherence of injectable contraceptive acceptors at Posi-Posi Community Health Center.

Poverty in Makassar City is a multidimensional problem that not only covers economic, but also social and cultural aspects. The Family Hope Program (PKH) was initiated as a conditional social assistance intervention to ease the burden on poor families through increased access to education and health. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of PKH in improving the welfare of poor families in Makassar, identify socio-cultural factors that affect the success of the program, and explore the obstacles faced by beneficiaries and social companions. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with research subjects including 10 beneficiary families and 3 social companions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document studies, then analyzed thematically using an inductive approach. The results of the study show that PKH contributes significantly to reducing the economic burden of families, especially in meeting children's educational and health needs. The success of the program is influenced by the role of social companions who are communicative and adaptive to the local cultural context. However, complicated bureaucracy, limited access to public services, inaccurate recipient data, and social stigma are the main obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of the program. Awareness and active participation of beneficiaries in carrying out program obligations are also the key to success. The research concludes that PKH needs to be supported by simplifying administrative procedures, strengthening the capacity of companions, and culturally sensitive approaches to increase the impact of programs in poverty alleviation in Makassar City.  

The rapid advancement of technology is evidenced by numerous innovations that simplify human tasks, particularly in the agricultural sector. Various farming methods are offered to produce fruits and vegetables without using chemical pesticides. Hydroponic techniques have been implemented to maximize crop yields without the use of chemicals in the plant care process. The community in Barean Village, Ploso, Pacitan Regency still relies on conventional farming methods. Conventional farming methods, apart from requiring large areas, also have adverse environmental and health impacts due to the use of chemical pesticides. Farmer have to spend quite a lot of capital to provide large amounts of fertiliser to treat the plants in their fields. The results obtained from conventional farming methods are not worth the capital spent. Hydroponic farming metode is an agricultural method that uses water as a growing medium. This method is recognised as an environmentally friendly method, as it uses water and nutrient solutions as a substitute for nutrients found in soil. Autor introduces hydroponic cultivation methods to the public through a digital platform. People from all walks of life can learn farming techniques using the hydroponic method, as it is more visually appealing, and can be operated interactively. Hydroponic techniques can be effectively learned through this 2D interactive media, which provides comprehensive knowledge about the hydroponic method, equipment, materials, and proper cultivation methods. The final section of this interactive media features a simple quiz to assess knowledge for novice farmers. The design of 2D Interactive Based Hydroponic Farming Learning Media is expected to be an attraction for the community in the field of agriculture. The development of this 2D Interactive Hydroponic Farming Educational Media is intended to serve as a solution for hydroponic cultivation education, thereby maximizing agricultural productivity.

Indonesia faces various nutritional problems, one of which is central obesity. This condition occurs due to excessive energy intake that surpasses the amount of energy used for metabolism and daily activities. The excess energy is stored as fat tissue, which eventually leads to weight gain and increases the risk of various metabolic diseases. This study aims to examine the risk factors for central obesity in the community at Mon Geudong Public Health Center, Lhokseumawe City.This study employs a descriptive observational method with a cross-sectional survey design. The population consists of 1,121 individuals, and the sample was obtained using a non-probability sampling technique with accidental sampling, resulting in a total of 100 respondents. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and waist circumference measurements using a measuring tape. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis to examine the distribution of respondent characteristics.The results indicate that the most affected age group is 56–65 years (49.0%). Based on gender, more women (80.0%) experience central obesity compared to men (20.0%). The majority of respondents are unemployed, possess good knowledge levels, and 69.0% have a family history of central obesity.The study concludes that the primary risk factors for central obesity include age, gender, occupation, and family history. However, knowledge level is not considered a risk factor for central obesity. This research is expected to serve as a basis for central obesity prevention efforts through education and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle in the community.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the main challenges in the health sector in Indonesia, with a fairly high number of cases each year. This study aims to analyze the distribution of TB cases based on occupation and identify community groups that are at higher risk of spreading this disease. The data used in this study were obtained from estimates of the 2022 TB epidemiology report. The results of the analysis show that informal workers, such as laborers and traders, are the group with the highest number of TB cases, at 36.0%. This is followed by formal workers (21.6%), farmers/fishermen (17.3%), housewives (14.4%), students (6.5%), and unemployed or retired groups (4.2%). The high prevalence of TB in informal workers is caused by several factors, including an unhygienic work environment, limited access to health services, and unhealthy lifestyles. Based on these findings, a more effective strategy is needed in efforts to prevent and control TB, especially for groups with high levels of vulnerability. Health education, increasing access to health services, improving work environment sanitation, and early detection programs are important steps in reducing the spread of TB. With the right intervention, it is hoped that the number of TB cases in Indonesia can be reduced significantly.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to evaluate the role of Bawaslu's public relations in increasing public participation in the 2024 Simultaneous Elections, through collaboration with students and activists. The activity was carried out in the form of a seminar and forum group discussion (FGD) involving 50 participants from students and activists in Binjai City. This event was held on March 6, 2025, at the Graha Kardopa Hotel. Through the presentation of material by speakers from Bawaslu North Sumatra, and Management Lecturers from Prima Indonesia University as well as open discussion sessions, this activity encourages a deeper understanding of the strategic role of public communication and public relations in the implementation of transparent and participatory elections. The evaluation results showed that collaboration between students, activists, and Bawaslu was able to strengthen the effectiveness of political communication and increase the participatory awareness of the younger generation. This activity is expected to be a model of educational synergy between election organizing institutions and civil society groups in supporting healthy and inclusive democratic practices.

The National Health Insurance Program, the Healthy Indonesia Card, is increasingly being utilized by the community. Improving the quality of services is also the focus of the efforts made. However, these improvements are expected not to be fragmented in just one aspect of the service. The goal of service quality is to meet or even exceed community expectations. The purpose of this literature review is to review how to improve the quality of National Health Insurance services in public health facilities. The literature used in this study is by determining articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The database used is Google Scholar. The year of publication of the literature sources taken is the last 5 years between 2020 and 2025. The literature sources use English or Indonesian. The results of 5 articles obtained that to improve the quality of National Health Insurance (NHI) services in public health facilities, namely by providing access to services, completing infrastructure that is still lacking, implementing the Healthy Indonesia Card Health Insurance Program Policy, and increasing the professionalism of human resources. It can be concluded that improving the quality of National Health Insurance (NHI) services in public health facilities can also be done by building an ecosystem with integrity, utilizing technology to facilitate access to health services that can facilitate the community in utilizing health services. For the government, it is necessary to provide new policies to facilitate NHI participants in obtaining health services, strengthening cross-sector support, whether in the form of regulations, infrastructure, or funding. In addition, there is also a need for evaluation from various aspects in order to create good quality in the utilization of health services.

Health is a basic human need, so it requires high awareness so that people maintain their health. One way to protect yourself and your family from the financial risks arising from health care costs is by having health insurance. The impact of this insurance provides protection against possible future losses and invests part of the funds collected from policyholders. Health insurance is important not only for reducing the financial burden of health services but also for ensuring that individuals have access to timely and quality medical care. The purpose of this theoretical study is to determine the impact of health insurance on the utilization of health services from a public health perspective. The method used is a theoretical study, which analyzes existing theories and previous research to understand the effects of health insurance. This approach is intended to draw conclusions regarding how insurance affects public health and health service usage. The results of this theoretical study indicate that, from a public health perspective, health insurance has a positive impact in various ways. It helps reduce the risk of disease, minimizes the economic burden when individuals fall ill, reduces financial risks, provides peace of mind, and facilitates access to quality medical services. Furthermore, insurance contributes to preventive care and early treatment. Accessibility to health services is identified as a crucial factor in enhancing the positive impact of insurance on the welfare and health of the community in Indonesia.

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the major health issues contributing to high mortality rates among toddlers, both globally and in developing countries. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of eucalyptus oil steam inhalation therapy in regulating the respiratory rate of toddlers suffering from ARI in the working area of Meskom Public Health Center.This research employs a case study method with a descriptive design. The study population consists of 147 toddlers, with a sample of 16 toddlers diagnosed with ARI in the Meskom Public Health Center's working area. The research was conducted in December. The study results indicate that before administering eucalyptus oil steam inhalation therapy, toddlers' respiratory rates ranged from 30 to 47 breaths per minute, with a median of 41.94 breaths per minute. After the therapy, the respiratory rate changed, ranging from 28 to 46 breaths per minute, while the median remained at 41.94 breaths per minute. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the Meskom Public Health Center consider utilizing eucalyptus oil steam inhalation as an additional method in managing ARI in toddlers.