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This study aims to understand the influence of brand ambassadors, cash-on-delivery services, and online customer reviews on the purchase choice of generation Z shopee sites in Surakarta City. For this study brand ambassadors (X1), cash on delivery services (X2), and online customer reviews (X3) are used as independent variables, while purchasing decisions (Y) are used as the dependent variable. Shopee users in Surakarta City who belong to the z generation and aged 10 to 24 years make up the population. With a sample of 100 respondents, simple random sampling was used as a sampling method. Multiple linear regression analysis is used for statistical data analysis techniques.

  The local government has attempted to implement regional autonomy, which has carried out development for 5 years through Regional Original Revenue (PAD) funding. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential growth rate, as well as forecast the resource's future earnings. This study uses secondary data for the 2017-2021 financial and regional asset management bodies in Central Sulawesi with descriptive analysis. This research technique uses contribution ratio analysis techniques, growth ratios and trend ratios. These results indicate that the contribution of PAD sources found that local taxes and other legitimate PAD are the largest contributors to PAD in Central Sulawesi while levies and business entities still contribute and the elasticity is small, while the growth rate of PAD sources will have a tendency. of fluctuating growth rates.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of social studies learning as strengthening character education in elementary schools. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research subjects were social studies teachers and sixth grade students at an elementary school in Manggarai Regency. The results of the study show that social studies teachers have implemented character education in social studies learning through various activities, such as discussions, questions and answers, presentations, and educational games. The implementation of character education is also seen in students' attitudes and behavior, such as discipline, self-confidence, and social awareness. The obstacles encountered in the implementation of character education are the teacher's lack of understanding of the concepts and goals of character education, limited learning time, and limited resources and facilities. The school is trying to overcome these obstacles, such as increasing teachers' understanding of character education, using technology in learning, and collaboration between schools and communities in strengthening character education in elementary schools.                                                                                    Keywords: Implementation, Social Studies Learning, Character education This study aims to analyze the implementation of social studies learning as strengthening character education in elementary schools. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research subjects were social studies teachers and sixth grade students at an elementary school in Manggarai Regency. The results of the study show that social studies teachers have implemented character education in social studies learning through various activities, such as discussions, questions and answers, presentations, and educational games. The implementation of character education is also seen in students' attitudes and behavior, such as discipline, self-confidence, and social awareness. The obstacles encountered in the implementation of character education are the teacher's lack of understanding of the concepts and goals of character education, limited learning time, and limited resources and facilities. The school is trying to overcome these obstacles, such as increasing teachers' understanding of character education, using technology in learning, and collaboration between schools and communities in strengthening character education in elementary schools.                                                                                    Keywords: Implementation, Social Studies Learning, Character education This study aims to analyze the implementation of social studies learning as strengthening character education in elementary schools. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research subjects were social studies teachers and sixth grade students at an elementary school in Manggarai Regency. The results of the study show that social studies teachers have implemented character education in social studies learning through various activities, such as discussions, questions and answers, presentations, and educational games. The implementation of character education is also seen in students' attitudes and behavior, such as discipline, self-confidence, and social awareness. The obstacles encountered in the implementation of character education are the teacher's lack of understanding of the concepts and goals of character education, limited learning time, and limited resources and facilities. The school is trying to overcome these obstacles, such as increasing teachers' understanding of character education, using technology in learning, and collaboration between schools and communities in strengthening character education in elementary schools.                                                                                    Keywords: Implementation, Social Studies Learning, Character education This study aims to analyze the implementation of social studies learning as strengthening character education in elementary schools. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research subjects were social studies teachers and sixth grade students at an elementary school in Manggarai Regency. The results of the study show that social studies teachers have implemented character education in social studies learning through various activities, such as discussions, questions and answers, presentations, and educational games. The implementation of character education is also seen in students' attitudes and behavior, such as discipline, self-confidence, and social awareness. The obstacles encountered in the implementation of character education are the teacher's lack of understanding of the concepts and goals of character education, limited learning time, and limited resources and facilities. The school is trying to overcome these obstacles, such as increasing teachers' understanding of character education, using technology in learning, and collaboration between schools and communities in strengthening character education in elementary schools.                                                                                    Keywords: Implementation, Social Studies Learning, Character education This study aims to analyze the implementation of social studies learning as strengthening character education in elementary schools. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research subjects were social studies teachers and sixth grade students at an elementary school in Manggarai Regency. The results of the study show that social studies teachers have implemented character education in social studies learning through various activities, such as discussions, questions and answers, presentations, and educational games. The implementation of character education is also seen in students' attitudes and behavior, such as discipline, self-confidence, and social awareness. The obstacles encountered in the implementation of character education are the teacher's lack of understanding of the concepts and goals of character education, limited learning time, and limited resources and facilities. The school is trying to overcome these obstacles, such as increasing teachers' understanding of character education, using technology in learning, and collaboration between schools and communities in strengthening character education in elementary schools.                                                                                    Keywords: Implementation, Social Studies Learning, Character education This study aims to analyze the implementation of social studies learning as strengthening character education in elementary schools. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research subjects were social studies teachers and sixth grade students at an elementary school in Manggarai Regency. The results of the study show that social studies teachers have implemented character education in social studies learning through various activities, such as discussions, questions and answers, presentations, and educational games. The implementation of character education is also seen in students' attitudes and behavior, such as discipline, self-confidence, and social awareness. The obstacles encountered in the implementation of character education are the teacher's lack of understanding of the concepts and goals of character education, limited learning time, and limited resources and facilities. The school is trying to overcome these obstacles, such as increasing teachers' understanding of character education, using technology in learning, and collaboration between schools and communities in strengthening character education in elementary schools.                                                                                    Keywords: Implementation, Social Studies Learning, Character education This study aims to analyze the implementation of social studies learning as strengthening character education in elementary schools. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research subjects were social studies teachers and sixth grade students at an elementary school in Manggarai Regency. The results of the study show that social studies teachers have implemented character education in social studies learning through various activities, such as discussions, questions and answers, presentations, and educational games. The implementation of character education is also seen in students' attitudes and behavior, such as discipline, self-confidence, and social awareness. The obstacles encountered in the implementation of character education are the teacher's lack of understanding of the concepts and goals of character education, limited learning time, and limited resources and facilities. The school is trying to overcome these obstacles, such as increasing teachers' understanding of character education, using technology in learning, and collaboration between schools and communities in strengthening character education in elementary schools.                                                                                     

In the work world everyone is entitled to his right to work, as are the disabled. According to 2016's law no. 8, which states that private companies are required to employ at least 1% (one percent) of the disability from the number of employees or workers. Before people with disability get a job or an expert in their field of work, they have to acquire programs from their school of vocational programs. The vocational program isa program to develop their self-reliance and skills consistent with that of children with disabilities. Skills developed within a child's potential can provide a child with the ability to determine where he or she will continue. Will continue to be a student or will work within the potential of children in high school. The purpose of this study is to identify the situation of disability in the work world where we use qualitative methods. Meanwhile, his data collection techniques are through interviews and observations to one of the professors of the special education study program, slb-c yplb cipaganti and SLB country of cileunyi. In the study found that children with disabilities get their votive activities while in high school and some of those with lightweight categories of inhibitions, they can continue to work within their potential and parental support or assistance.

This study aims to reveal the anomaly of female domination: the moral message in Djarum 76 advertisement version of the genie is afraid of the wife, by representing something that is not visible on the surface. This article is a qualitative descriptive research type with Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis based on Stuart Hall's representation theory. Primary data through observation of text and audio-visual images from advertisements, and secondary data from relevant literature, then analyzed based on the concept of The Codes of Television. The results of the study show: in the Djarum 76 advertisement, the version of the genie is afraid of his wife, builds the image that men are afraid of their wives, which can be seen from the activities, sounds, expressions, camera techniques, and existing ideology. This anomaly is a reality that occurs a lot in the reality of society where a household is dominated by the wife. The research implication, narrative experience brings the consumer's mood to the narrative which is carried as a moral message. More specific research is needed to reveal the atmosphere of the relationship built on the research focus.  

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warns that there are only 12 years left or until 2030 to prevent extreme climate disasters that occur due to global warming (Global Warming). One of the triggers for global warming is air pollution triggered by the large emissions of global greenhouse gases (GHGs). Efforts to reduce the amount of greenhouse emissions emitted by large-scale buildings or civil buildings are to apply the Green Building concept. The research design in this study is survey research with the expost facto method. The research instrument uses tests and questionnaires to answer the research hypothesis, with data analysis techniques using the Paired Sample T Test test to measure the impact of the green building concept on learning outcomes and a simple linear regression correlation coefficient to measure the effect of green building concept learning on energy-saving attitudes. From the results of the Paired Sample t test, a value of t = 0.525 was obtained, because the value of t>0.05 then the Ha hypothesis can be accepted, so there is a significant influence on learning using the green building concept with the learning outcomes of class XI students specializing in social studies at SMAN 3 Jember. As for the results of the simple linear regression correlation coefficient test, the results of which there was a significant influence on learning the green building concept with a water and electricity energy-saving attitude of class XI students specializing in social studies at SMAN 3 Jember.    

This study aims to describe the improvement of mathematical problem-solving skills after applying the realistik mathematics learning assisted by digital media of class VIII students of SMP Dharma Patra Sei Lepan for the 2022/2023 academic year. The subjects in this study were 32 class VIII-A students of Dharma Patra Private Middle School. Data collection techniques used were teacher observation sheets, tests of mathematical problem-solving skills, and documentation. This research is a classroom action research (PTK) which consists of 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 meetings. Before taking action, first given the initial test and at the end of each cycle is given a test of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. The test results of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities increased from the initial test, cycle I, and cycle II. In the classical pre-test, 3 students (9.38%) passed and the average pre-test ability was 49.12% with a very low level of ability. In the first cycle test, there was an increase classically, 17 students (53.13%) completed and the average ability test obtained 69.01% with the ability level in the medium category. Then the second cycle test also experienced an increase in classically obtained 28 students (87.5%) completed and an average ability obtained 81.05% with a high level of ability category. Thus it can be concluded that the application of realistik mathematics learning assisted by digital media can improve the mathematical problem-solving skills of class VIII students of SMP Dharma Patra Sei Lepan.

This study aims to determine the effect of work experience, work stress and work life balance on employee productivity at PT. Pacific Medan industry. This research method uses quantitative methods with data collection techniques used in this study are interviews, observations and population questionnaires used are employees who work at PT. Pacific Medan Industri, with a population of 207. The number of samples drawn using the Slovin formula, the sample obtained was 68 respondents with = 0.1 . Data processing using SPSS Version 23 software, with descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis and hypothesis testing.The results of the research variable work experience partially positive and significant effect on employee productivity at PT. Pacific Medan Industry. The results of the research variable work stress partially positive and significant effect on employee productivity at PT. Pacific Medan Industry.

Abstract with "School Principal's Visionary Leadership Style in Improving Teacher Performance at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman Sukabumi City". The main problems are: 1) What is the leadership style of the principal at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman, Sukabumi City? 2) What are the implications for the performance of teaching staff at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman, Sukabumi City? 3) How does the school principal transform the school's vision and mission in improving the quality of education at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman, Sukabumi City? The research method used is a qualitative research method, data collection techniques used are through observation, interviews, and documentation. While the objectives to be achieved are to determine the leadership style of the visionary principal at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman Sukabumi City and to find out the implications for the performance of educational staff at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman Sukabumi City. The results of this study indicate that the principal's leadership style applied by the principal is generally responded to by good cooperation by his subordinates, who use a democratic-participatory leadership style. With this leadership that has an impact on educational staff because of democratic leadership the freedom to develop potential is enormous, good working relationships are established between superiors and subordinates, creating a comfortable work environment and understanding how important it is to invite all school parties to realize this vision in accordance with their duties and responsibilities. each. Thus the author can conclude that in this study principals are generally carried out with the cooperation of leaders and their members and how a leader motivates morale, fosters discipline, shows exemplary attitudes and behavior that school principal leadership in improving the performance of educational staff greatly contributes which is good for the progress of the quality of learning so that it can encourage the quality of education where the performance of educators and education staff is the key to success in the world of education. Research implication: The author suggests that the Principal maintains the main duties and functions of leadership that have been well developed, and continuously improves educational performance according to the needs of the institution and maintains time discipline and responsibility with each task as planned by the institution and prosper educators by carrying out assignments according to their respective pokies.  

Globalization is one of the changes in the pattern of life in a group of individuals or a society that has headed towards modernization. This era of globalization will certainly result in people who tend to choose new cultures that are fresher and simpler, causing local culture to begin to erode and be forgotten and even a shift in values from the local culture. This is one of the factors that causes local culture to be abandoned and also forgotten nowadays. The absence or reduction of the younger generation who are successors and inheritors of local culture and wisdom has made interest in learning and getting to know one's own culture begin to fade. Today's young generation has neither the effort nor the interest to preserve local culture or local culture which is Indonesia's wealth in this era of globalization. The research method used is a qualitative method with literature study techniques in data collection. Based on the narrative from Malinowski, cultures that are in a higher caste and are active will have a great influence on cultures that are lower and tend to be passive. And this influence can occur in cultural contact. This theory is clearly visible in the current era of globalization. This can be seen from the shift in Indonesian cultural values which have begun to lean towards the west with the rapid flow of incoming information. This is of course a force that can influence people's thinking. In order to overcome this, it certainly requires awareness of the importance of local culture as identity and also national identity. It is the obligation of every society to preserve and also maintain culture with the help of the younger generation as heirs to that culture.

The purpose of the study is to produce a learning model with valid, practical, and effective criteria. This type of research is development research using the Borg And Gall model. The population is all grade V students of State Elementary School 18 West Freshwater, Padang Utara District, Padang City. The sample was 30 class V students. The sampling technique is total sampling.  The model validation design is validated by 2 experts: motor and language and model practicality by 2 sports teachers, The data collection instrument consists of tests of validity, practicality and effectiveness. As well as data analysis techniques using descriptive qualitative and quantitative techniques. The validation results of the learning model were obtained on average by 81.2.% with valid categories. In practicality, the results were obtained that this learning model was practical or good for use with learning implementation results of 91.7% The results of the effectiveness test using the Manipulative Basic Motion learning model based on play activities showed that there was a difference between obtaining manipulative motion ability results before using the model and after using the learning model. It was concluded that the model is effective and can improve the results of manipulative motion abilities (control objects) in the learning of sports and health physical education in grade V of primary school.

The political policy of the local government in establishing the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD), is an Annual Financial Plan (RKT) prepared by the local regional government and jointly approved by the Regional Head (KDH) and the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD). There are certain obstacles such as the emergence of executive dominance or legislative domination in designing, discussing and approving the APBD. The purpose of this study is to analyze the political policy model of the local government (Grobogan Regency) in determining the APBD. This study uses a qualitative method whose analysis is descriptive. Researchers use naturalistic and normative juridical approaches. The data used are primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques go through four stages, namely gathering information, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study conclude the political policy model of executive domination that occurred in Grobogan Regency. Facts on the ground show that the political policies implemented by the Grobogan Regency DPRD have the authority to approve the RAPBD determination, as well as the authority to reject the proposed RAPBD through the factions in the DPRD. However, this rejection never occurred during the research period (2021-2022). Even if this can be done when the DPRD has valid data regarding irregularities committed by the Regional Government. This diametrical position and role relationship is because there are legal consequences if the RAPBD is rejected by the DPRD. The legal consequence is that the implementation of government activities in the institution cannot be carried out properly and it will also have fatal consequences for slowed development in its territory. However, in the end, the DPRD, through a plenary meeting, even though it was difficult, had to give approval for the determination of the APBD, which paid little attention to benefits for the community.    

Writing this thesis aims: 1) To find out student learning outcomes in class volume cube material; 2) To determine the effect of unit cube teaching aids on student learning outcomes; 3) To find out whether there are differences in the learning outcomes of class students who use unit cube teaching aids with classes that do not use unit cubes. This thesis uses a quantitative method with the type of quasi-experimental research. The samples used are two classes, namely class 5 A and class 5 B. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, interviews and tests. This study used instrument test analysis Then data analysis techniques were used using tests and hypothesis testing. The results showed that: 1) There were differences in grade 5 student learning outcomes between classes that used unit cube teaching aids and those that did not use unit cube teaching aids with the calculation results t test obtained tcount 2.374 and ttable 1.672 so the result is tcount > ttable meaning H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. 2) There is an increase in student learning outcomes after using unit cube teaching aids based on hypothesis testing with the control class results obtained at 0.61. It can be concluded that the improvement in control class learning outcomes is in the moderate category. While the n-gain test for the experimental class obtained results of 0.70, it was concluded that the increase in learning outcomes for the experimental class was in the high category.    

This study aims to determine and describe the Implementation of Cultural Arts (Music) Learning Singing Material Based on the Independent Curriculum Class VII B SMP Unp Laboratory Development. This type of research is qualitative, with a descriptive approach. Research instruments are researchers themselves and are assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery, cameras and mobile phones. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature study, observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are collecting data, classifying data, clarifying data, analyzing data, describing data and inferring data. The results showed that learning planning has not been fully guided by the teaching modules in the independent curriculum, the impact of these conditions, the learning outcomes of students are still not optimal. Then, at the stage of implementing learning, it has not been carried out optimally because when carrying out learning the teacher is not fully guided by the teaching modules made. Assessments, methods and learning strategies used by teachers have not been implemented in accordance with the stage of cultural arts learning outcomes based on the independent curriculum. Teachers who are too fixated on the material and lack of teacher intervention in the learning process of students Furthermore, at the evaluation stage, a full summative assessment has not been carried out, such as teachers do not do.

This study aims to find out and describe how the implementation of learning traditional Minangkabau music material at UNP Laboratory Development High School. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature studies, interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are collecting data, classifying data, analyzing data, describing data and inferring data. The results showed that the lack of appropriate strategies and learning methods used by teachers. The strategy used by teachers in the learning process is an expository strategy, in the implementation of this expository strategy teachers use textbooks, references and other auxiliary media, but this strategy is not effectively used in learning because not all students are comfortable for learning that is only spoken. The method used in this learning is the lecture method, where learning is delivered by telling stories so as to make students feel bored and sleepy during learning, and it seems that the teacher has not been able to vary the method that is suitable for the implementation of traditional Minangkabau music learning which in fact in the delivery of learning can use several methods for the smooth achievement of the desired learning objectives.

Self-muhasabah is one of the methods of moral education that is put forward by the teachers at IDIA Prenduan. Various forms of programs are structured to direct the students to always reflect on themselves, such as spiritual cleansing activities every dawn on Fridays (Kulsub) and mandatory activities for the management of the minister for studies and da'wah or (Menkada) Ma'had Student Executive Board (BEMA) at IDIA Prenduan and other things. In this study, the focus of the research was how to apply self-reflection to improve the moral quality of female female students of IDIA Prenduan and what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the application of self-muhasabah to improve the moral quality of female female students of IDIA Prenduan. And the purpose of this study is to describe the application of self-muhasabah in improving the moral quality of female female students of IDIA Prenduan. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method of phenomelogy. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques include data collection, data reduction, data presentation and verification. The results of this study are the application of self-muhasabah to improve moral quality in the form of dawn lectures, istirham, morning lectures, tahajjud prayers, it can be seen that this application can improve the quality of mahasantri morals such as self-muhasabah activities. The supporting factors of this activity are Kyai and Nyai who have qualified knowledge and discipline of the mahasantri while the obstacle is the lack of enthusiasm from the mahasatri in self-contemplation which is held at dawn, due to the dense activities carried out. So that some students feel sleepy and this is a form of lack of faith in Allah SWT.    

The skills to analyze systematics and language of scientific work are very important for students to master. However, based on observations, several Indonesian language teachers at SMAN 4 Semarang still apply teacher-dominated learning, namely lectures and power points as learning media which make learning not student centered so that when participating in learning the students feel bored. Therefore, the ASSURE model was tested using Quizwhizzer media in learning to analyze the systematics and language of scientific work in class XI.MIPA3 SMAN 4 Semarang with the aim of creating student-centered learning, increasing student interest in learning and activeness, and optimizing student learning outcomes. This research method is descriptive qualitative with test and non-test instruments (questionnaire). Test instruments are used with test techniques as material for analyzing the effectiveness of the learning process. While the non-test technique is used with observation and questionnaire techniques as material for analyzing the characteristics of students and assessing the effectiveness of the learning process. The results of this study can be concluded that the ASSURE model with Quizwhizzer media is appropriately applied in learning to analyze the systematics and language of scientific work. The results of this study are useful as reference material in choosing learning models and media, especially learning models and media to analyze the systematics and language of scientific work.    

The main problem in this study is the exemplary pattern of PAI teachers who have not been able to shape the character of students at SMA Negeri 5 Gorontalo Utara, especially religious teachers where students always resist and even presumptuously to refute the teacher, as happened at SMA Negeri 5 Gorontalo Utara, so that through the example of PAI teachers this should shape the character of these students,  Somehow now, that's why from this thesis the author describes everything. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the author's expectations about the exemplary pattern of PAI teachers could shape the character of students at SMA Negeri 5 Gorontalo Utara. This type of research is classified as qualitative research. This research is classified as a type of field research and includes pure research or Ipure research. Data collection techniques use observation and interview methods, while data analysis techniques used are collecting, sorting, clarifying, synthesizing, making an overview, and making an index. This study used triangulation of data sources. Based on the results of qualitative research conducted, the end of this study shows that from the above problems now the pattern of example of PAI teachers has been able to shape the character of students even though there are still few students who are not willing to emulate PAI teachers at SMA Negeri 5 Gorontalo Utara, so it can be concluded that the pattern of example of PAI teachers at SMA Negeri 5 Gorontalo Utara is good enough.

This istudy aimsi to analyze thei development of the usei of a non-cashi payment systemi using QRIS in thei City of Palangka Raya ini the erai of theiindustrial 4.0. Theimethod usediis aisurvey through questionnaires to users and merchants who use QRIS as a payment system. Thei collected datai were analyzedi using descriptiveistatistical techniquesiand factorianalysis toiidentify theifactorsithat influenceithe useiof QRISiin Palangkai RayaiCity. The results of the study show that the use of QRIS in Palangka Raya City has experienced significant developments in the last two years. Factorsithat influenceithe use ofi QRISi are ease of use, transaction security, and financial benefits. The implication ofi the resultsi of thisi study isi that therei is a needi to improve education andi outreach about using QRIS as an alternative to non-cash payment systems in Palangka Raya City.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of STEM-integrated blended learning on Indonesian students' science literacy. This research is a type of meta-analysis research. The data sources in the study came from the analysis of 10 national and international journals published from 2017-2023. The data search process through searching on Google Scholar, Scopus, Wiley, Eric and Hindawi Journal. Data collection techniques in research through direct observation by tracing studies related to research variables. The keywords in this article search are blended learning, STEM and science literacy. Data analysis technique is descriptive quantitative analysis technique with JSAP application. The results concluded that STEM-integrated blended learning is effective in encouraging the level of science literacy of students in Indonesia with an effect size value of 0.71 and N-gain of 0.82. Blended learning greatly supports the learning process in Indonesia in improving students' literacy in learning.