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Microteaching is a small-scale teaching training method designed to enhance the pedagogical competence of prospective teachers before they enter the real educational environment. This study aims to analyze the role of microteaching in preparing teacher education students for actual teaching practice. The method used is a literature review combined with observation of microteaching implementation within the campus setting. The findings indicate that microteaching plays a significant role in improving fundamental teaching skills, such as mastery of subject matter, the use of appropriate teaching methods, classroom management, and effective communication abilities. In addition, microteaching contributes to building students’ self-confidence and mental readiness to face real classroom situations. Thus, microteaching has proven to be a strategic tool in shaping professional and classroom-ready future teachers.

Advances in science and technology have significantly improved and facilitated the work of health professionals. One example is the transition from manual medical records to Electronic Medical Records (EMDR). At Mitra Sejati Hospital, the implementation of EMR still uses manual and electronic methods, so it is not in accordance with the Minister of Health Regulation Number 24 in 2022. This study aims to analyze the implementation of EMR in the mitra sejati hospital on the regulation. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with observations made using checklist sheets to evaluate the SIMRS application. The research subjects included doctors, nurses, radiology, IT officers, and medical record officers, each represented by one participant. The results of the study showed that the implementation of EMR at Mitra Sejati Hospital was in accordance with the Minister of Health Regulation Number 24 in 2022 about filling in clinical information, inputting financing claim data, and storing EMR. However, the implementation of patient registration, EMR data distribution, information processing, quality assurance, and transfer of EMR contents were not fully in accordance. This discrepancy indicates that the implementation of EMR in the hospital was not fully in accordance with the regulations. To address this gap, special efforts are needed to improve technical systems and staff training, so that it can ensure full compliance with regulations and optimize the function of the EMR.

Toxic professional relationships—characterized by subtle exclusion, politicized decision-making, and emotional suppression—are a prevalent yet underexamined concern in academic institutions. This research emphasizes the psychological, pedagogical, and emotional repercussions for educators in situations characterized by workplace conflict, in contrast to prior studies that primarily examine structural factors. The study seeks to examine how educators perceive, interpret, and react to toxic dynamics, especially via reflective processes. We gathered data from three years of anonymized reflective journaling employing a qualitative, narrative-reflective methodology and conducted a theme analysis. Research highlights three main themes: the emotional effort needed to maintain professionalism despite feeling excluded, changes in teaching methods as a way to resist and find meaning, and how reflective practice helps teachers stay true to their teaching values. The analysis further demonstrates how gender and early-career status exacerbate susceptibility to toxic dynamics. The study prioritizes ethical contemplation as a transforming practice and a means of action instead of providing prescriptive solutions. Institutions should implement emotional intelligence training, equitable task allocation, and peer support mechanisms to cultivate more equal academic settings. This research advocates for a work culture founded on explicit performance expectations, mutual respect, compassion, and integrity in education, facilitating a deeper comprehension of teachers' authentic experiences in challenging school environments.

Health care is a fundamental right of every citizen guaranteed by the constitution and various laws and regulations. However, in practice there are still cases of health care malpractice that often occur, either due to negligence, carelessness, lack of competence, or violation of professional standards. Such actions not only have an impact on the physical and psychological harm of patients, but also raise questions regarding the legal responsibility of the perpetrators, especially in the criminal realm. The problems in this study are how health care malpractice in the perspective of criminal law and how criminal liability for health care malpractice. This research uses normative juridical research method with statute approach and conceptual approach. The results showed that health care malpractice must be viewed as a criminal offence that can be subject to criminal liability in accordance with the provisions in the Criminal Code, Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, and other regulations.

Effective pricing is a key factor in enhancing competitiveness and customer satisfaction in the optical industry. This study aims to analyze the pricing strategy of eyeglass products based on market segmentation at Optik YAR Padang. Market segmentation was conducted by grouping consumers according to demographic, psychographic, and purchasing behavior characteristics. The research employed a quantitative approach using survey questionnaires distributed to customers, and the data were analyzed using cross-tabulation and chi-square tests. The results show significant differences in price preferences among various market segments, particularly based on age, income level, and the purpose of eyeglass use (fashion or vision correction). The findings recommend that Optik YAR implement differentiated pricing strategies tailored to each target segment, such as economic pricing for students and premium pricing for professionals. By applying segmentation-based pricing strategies, the company can improve customer loyalty and sales efficiency.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Preparatory 4 (MAPN 4) Medan implemented curriculum adjustments in preparation for the preservation of the Independent Curriculum. Data were collected through interviews with teacher representatives, activity documentation, and analysis of interview transcript themes and mentoring materials using qualitative descriptive methodology. Based on these findings, MAPN 4 Medan has adopted curriculum modifications progressively and methodically, starting with the School Level Curriculum (KTSP), continuing to the 2013 Curriculum, and ending with the Independent Curriculum. The role of teachers is very central to the successful implementation of this curriculum, both as learning facilitators, developers of open modules, and implementers of formative evaluations. Despite facing various challenges such as understanding learning concepts and time constraints, most teachers showed high enthusiasm and readiness to adapt, supported by internal training and support. Meanwhile, students showed active involvement in project-based and thematic learning, although there were still errors in adaptability. Overall, this study concludes that the implementation of the Independent Curriculum at MAPN 4 Medan reflects the institution's readiness to incorporate 21st-century skills and character values into the educational process, in line with strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile.

This study examines the application of engineering professionalism and ethical conduct in the construction of Building X, focusing on the quality of both substructure and superstructure works. The research was conducted through field observation, interviews with project stakeholders, and literature review, analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. Several issues were identified on site, including bore pile misalignment, waterlogging due to excess soil accumulation, poor concrete quality (honeycomb), and work delays caused by reinforcement order errors and subcontractor replacement. The assessment of professionalism and ethics refers to the 2021 Indonesian Code of Ethics for Engineers. The findings indicate that several aspects of professionalism, such as supervisory decisiveness, technical responsibility, and proactive communication, were applied appropriately. However, deviations were also observed, particularly in planning, quality control, and safety implementation. The study recommends improved coordination between supervisors and contractors, technical training for workers, and stronger enforcement of ethical compliance to enhance the overall quality of construction outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the ability of students in the Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD) Study Program to develop Lesson Plans (RPP) and implement teaching through microteaching activities. The RPP serves as a crucial tool for prospective teachers in designing a systematic and measurable learning process, while microteaching functions as an effective teaching practice medium to develop students’ pedagogical skills. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method, with data collection techniques including observation, documentation, and interviews with final-year PGSD students enrolled in the microteaching course. The findings reveal that most students were able to develop lesson plans in accordance with the applicable curriculum formats (K13 and Merdeka Curriculum), including formulating learning objectives and outlining the sequence of learning activities. However, weaknesses were still found in formulating learning indicators, selecting appropriate models and methods, and integrating literacy, numeracy, and the elements of the Pancasila Student Profile. In implementing microteaching, students demonstrated mastery of the material and conducted learning activities in a structured manner. Nonetheless, some still faced challenges in classroom management, interactive communication, and the use of media and educational technology. The conclusion of this study indicates that PGSD students’ abilities in preparing lesson plans and conducting microteaching are in the “fairly good” category. However, they still require further guidance and training to be fully prepared as professional educators in the field. It is expected that through continuous evaluation and constructive feedback from lecturers, students can improve the quality of their lesson planning and teaching practices more optimally.

Conciliation is one form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) that holds great potential for resolving disputes efficiently, participatively, and peacefully outside the courtroom. However, in the Indonesian legal practice, the role of conciliation remains limited and is less popular compared to mediation and arbitration. The main obstacles hindering the development of this mechanism include low public and legal practitioners' awareness, the absence of adequate technical regulations, and the lack of professional conciliation institutions. In fact, conciliation aligns well with Indonesia's legal culture that emphasizes deliberation and consensus. The purpose of this article is to examine the effectiveness of the legal framework for conciliation in Indonesia, identify the barriers to its implementation, and formulate strategies to strengthen conciliation within the national legal system. This study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and doctrinal approach, complemented by analysis of applicable legislation and legal literature. The findings reveal that conciliation lacks a strong and operational legal framework. The absence of procedural standards, supervisory mechanisms, and training systems for conciliators hampers its effectiveness. On the other hand, conciliation has great potential to reduce the burden on courts, expedite dispute resolution, and preserve good relationships between parties. The article concludes that a comprehensive legal reform is urgently needed, including specific regulations, the establishment of independent conciliation institutions, and public education, so that conciliation can play a strategic role in the national dispute resolution system.

Microteaching is an essential component in preparing students of the Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD) program to become competent professional educators. This study aims to analyze effective strategies for mastering teaching materials during microteaching courses for PGSD students. Optimal mastery of subject matter requires not only a deep understanding of content but also the ability to adapt to the characteristics of primary school students, the use of varied teaching methods, and effective communication skills. This study employs a literature review methodology and analyzes best practices from various educational institutions. The results indicate that strategies for mastering teaching materials in microteaching involve five key dimensions: systematic material preparation through curriculum analysis and in-depth literature study; material organization using a logically structured approach; material presentation with diverse learning models and appropriate media; continuous evaluation using assessment for learning techniques; and self-development through continuous learning and consistent practice. The implementation of this integrated strategy has been proven to increase student confidence, improve the quality of material delivery, and optimize teaching readiness in primary school settings. These findings offer significant contributions to the development of PGSD curricula and the enhancement of the quality of future primary school teachers in Indonesia.

This study investigates the role of transformational leadership of school principals in enhancing the instructional quality of teachers at SMP Negeri 5 Satap Bungoro, Pangkep Regency, Indonesia. The research addresses three main problems: (1) how the principal's transformational leadership contributes to improving teacher performance in the classroom, (2) what strategies or actions the principal undertakes to elevate instructional practices, and (3) what supporting and inhibiting factors influence the process. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation involving the school principal and five teachers. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing, and triangulation techniques. The findings reveal that the principal's transformational leadership plays a critical role in instructional improvement, marked by five key practices: presenting an inspiring leadership vision, encouraging professional growth, providing support and empowerment to teachers, fostering a collaborative and inclusive school culture, and delivering constructive feedback and evaluation. The strategies employed include the integration of the Merdeka Curriculum, mentoring and coaching of teachers, and fostering pedagogical understanding. Supporting factors include well-organized school and classroom environments and cleanliness, while the primary obstacles consist of limited funding, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and a lack of strong teacher collaboration. In conclusion, transformational leadership contributes significantly to teacher development and improved instructional quality, especially in schools facing resource limitations. The study emphasizes the need for proactive leadership to overcome structural barriers and support effective teaching and learning.

The increasing workload and pressure in the field of education necessitate effective Adversity Quotient (AQ) management to foster teacher resilience and uphold professionalism amid evolving challenges. This study aims to analyze how AQ management contributes to enhancing teacher performance and professionalism. In the face of continuous educational change, teachers are exposed to various pressures, including administrative burdens, curricular dynamics, and complex social expectations. AQ which consists of four core dimensions: Control, Ownership, Reach, and Endurance is considered a crucial factor influencing psychological resilience and professional consistency. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach to explore managerial strategies, teacher perceptions, and experiences in developing AQ within the school environment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that AQ is managed through contextual and participatory approaches, supported by an open organizational culture, supportive leadership, and a psychosocially healthy work environment. Strengthening AQ has been shown to contribute to the development of adaptive, reflective, and professional educators. Therefore, integrating AQ into ongoing professional development programs is recommended as a strategic institutional response to the growing complexities of the educational landscape.

This study aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by novice teachers in implementing a dual curriculum—which includes the national curriculum and Islamic curriculum—in Islamic Elementary Schools (SDI). The dual curriculum in SDI requires integration between mastery of general knowledge and instilling strong Islamic values. However, in practice, novice teachers experience various difficulties, ranging from limited understanding of the two types of curriculum, heavy administrative burdens, to social and cultural pressures of religious schools. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature studies, by analyzing relevant academic literature from journals, proceedings, and scientific books in the last ten years. The results of the analysis show that novice teachers experience challenges in pedagogical, structural, psychological, and cultural aspects. They often feel unprepared to develop integrative teaching materials, manage time effectively, and meet institutional and parental expectations. The lack of mentoring, training, and assistance programs also worsen the situation, causing work stress and the risk of burnout. This study concludes that the challenges faced by novice teachers in the context of the dual curriculum are systemic and require a structured and sustainable solution approach, such as strengthening integrated training, integrating curriculum management, and developing a professional development system that supports the pedagogical and spiritual development of novice teachers.

Clinical autopsy is an important procedure in the medical world to determine the exact cause of death and evaluate the quality of medical services. In Indonesia, its implementation is still limited due to various legal, social, and ethical obstacles. This article discusses the position of clinical autopsy from the perspective of pathology and medicolegal forensics and examines the relevant legal framework for health in Indonesia. This study aims to encourage the implementation of autopsy legally, professionally, and ethically through a multidisciplinary approach. In conclusion, regulatory reform and enhanced education are needed to support the implementation of clinical autopsies that are legally valid and beneficial for both the medical and legal fields.

This study explores the lesson planning practices of an English lecturer at Universitas Hafsawaty who teaches English for healthcare students. The findings indicate that the lecturer adopts a contextual and profession-oriented approach, aligning language instruction with medical content and professional communication needs. The lesson plans incorporate materials from health journals, clinical simulations, and academic writing tasks, aiming to enhance both linguistic proficiency and professional relevance. Instructional strategies such as scaffolded learning and multimodal media use are applied to accommodate students’ diverse English proficiency levels. The discussion highlights the integration of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) frameworks, emphasizing experiential learning and interdisciplinary collaboration. Overall, the study underscores the importance of context-driven lesson planning and the need for institutional support in developing English instruction tailored to professional domains.

Human Resource Management is the development of human resource that carry out planning, implementation, recruitment, career development of employees, employees and carry out initiatives on organizational development in an organization, or company. This study aims to analyze the implementation of employee performance management in a notary office. Performance management is a systematic process of organizational goals. In the notarial work environment, performance management plays a crucial role in ensuring legal service are accurate, timely, and professional. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and document analysis. The result indicate that performance management has been applied through the setting of work targets, monitoring of outcomes, and the provisions of evaluations and feedback. However some challenges remain, such as the absence of structured evaluation system and a lack of regular training. The conclusions of this study emphasizes the importance of developing a more formal and measurable work management system in order to increase employee motivation and overall performance. The implications of the research are expected to be a reference in human resource development in notary office and other legal service institutions.

The Society 5.0 era brings profound transformation in education, requiring Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers to integrate technology in learning while maintaining Christian values. This study aims to analyze the challenges faced by PAK teachers in improving professional competence in this era, as well as exploring existing opportunities. The method used is library research with a qualitative approach, collecting data from journals and related literature. The results of the study indicate that many PAK teachers are not ready to face change, so they need a systematic professional development program. In addition, digital technology offers innovative learning methods that can increase student engagement. This study recommends a holistic approach in developing teacher competence, by maintaining a balance between technology and spiritual values.

This study aims to analyze the ability of elementary school teachers in compiling digital student learning outcome reports, and to identify the factors that influence it. This study was conducted through a library research method by reviewing various scientific articles, books, and empirical reports related to the use of technology in elementary education. The results of the study indicate that teachers' ability in digital reporting is influenced by age, educational background, teaching experience, and involvement in ICT training. The use of reporting applications such as Microsoft Excel, e-Rapor, and Learning Management System (LMS) is still limited, especially in advanced features that actually greatly support reporting efficiency. The main obstacles faced by teachers include lack of ongoing training, limited infrastructure, administrative burden, and mental attitude towards technology. As an improvement strategy, this study recommends tiered technical training, technical guidance at the school level, strengthening learning communities such as KKG and MGMP, and integration of ICT training in the Continuous Professional Development (PKB) program. This research is expected to be the basis for making policies that are more adaptive to the needs of teachers in the digital era.

This study aims to examine teachers' strategies in improving students' understanding of effective sentence concepts through the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model in elementary schools. The issues addressed in this research include how teachers design and implement context-based learning strategies, the challenges encountered during implementation, and the impact on students’ understanding of effective sentence structures. This research employs a literature review method by analyzing various journals, scholarly articles, and relevant documents. The findings indicate that teaching strategies that connect instructional materials with students’ real-life contexts—through CTL components such as constructivism, inquiry, questioning, learning community, modeling, reflection, and authentic assessment—are proven to significantly enhance students’ understanding of effective sentences. Furthermore, the implementation of interactive and meaningful strategies also increases student participation and fosters positive attitudes toward learning the Indonesian language. However, the application of CTL faces several challenges, including limited instructional time, teacher readiness, and diverse student abilities. Therefore, support from the school and professional development for teachers is essential to ensure that CTL-based teaching strategies can be implemented optimally and sustainably.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of psychological approaches in overcoming thinking disorders in elementary school children. The background of this study is the increasing cases of thinking disorders such as difficulty distinguishing reality, irrational thinking, and rigid thought patterns, which have a negative impact on children's learning processes and social interactions. Unfortunately, these disorders are often not identified early due to a lack of understanding from teachers and parents of the psychological symptoms that appear. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method (library research). Data sources come from accredited journals, child development psychology books, and relevant previous research results. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model which includes the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that psychological approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), individual counseling, and play therapy have proven effective in helping children recognize, manage, and regulate negative thought patterns. This approach also improves children's communication skills and self-confidence. The success of the intervention is greatly influenced by the involvement of teachers and parents, as well as a safe and supportive learning environment. However, limited resources and a lack of professional staff are major obstacles in implementing interventions in elementary schools.