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Digital innovation in the agricultural sector is increasingly becoming an important concern as a solution to increase agricultural efficiency and productivity. This research discusses the comparison between open source technology and commercial technology in the agricultural sector, with the aim of understanding the advantages and challenges of each in the agricultural context in Indonesia. Using a comparative descriptive approach, this research involved 30 farmers who were divided into two groups, namely farmers using open source technology and farmers using commercial technology. Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires and field observations, then analyzed descriptively to describe the use of both types of technology.The research results show that open source technology is more affordable and flexible, but is limited by a lack of technical support and integration with existing agricultural systems. Meanwhile, commercial technology offers more complete technical support and more integrated systems, but high costs are a major obstacle for small farmers. In conclusion, choosing the right technology must take into account local conditions, economic capabilities and existing technical support. This research suggests the importance of policies that support the provision of affordable technology and training accessibility for farmers to maximize the potential of digital transformation in the agricultural sector.

The Jayapura City Transportation Agency faces significant challenges in managing traffic violation data due to rapid population and economic growth. The use of Excel-based systems has proven inadequate, so a more integrated and efficient information system update is needed. Thus, the research and development method to design a web-based data archiving information system application with a waterfall methodology approach. It is hoped that this application can improve the efficiency of filing and searching for violation data, as well as support better traffic control in Jayapura City.

This study discusses the scope of innovation diffusion in education in Indonesia. In essence, education plays a fairly essential role in shaping the quality of human resources that are able to face the challenges of the times. Along with global changes marked by technological developments and economic transformation, demands on the education system continue to increase. The researcher uses a Qualitative Literature Review which is carried out by the researcher reading and observing various written reference sources related to the scope of innovation in education in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that overall, the process of innovation diffusion in education involves various complex stages and requires support from all parties involved in the education system. Diffusion of educational innovation in general can be concluded as a very complex process and is influenced by various specific factors, both internally and externally in the educational environment.

Development is a planned process carried out by the government or related institutions to encourage changes that contribute to improving people's welfare. In this case, development is seen as a systematic effort to achieve people's welfare, where the government plays a strategic role in driving the wheels of development, especially in supporting economic growth. Economic growth can be driven through infrastructure development, such as roads, electricity, and mining, because all three play an important role in supporting economic and social activities. This study aims to analyze the effect of road infrastructure, electricity infrastructure, and mining infrastructure on economic growth in Central Sulawesi Province. This study was conducted in Central Sulawesi Province using a quantitative method based on secondary data. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that simultaneously, road infrastructure, electricity infrastructure, and mining infrastructure have an effect on economic growth in Central Sulawesi Province. However, partially, only electricity infrastructure has been shown to have a significant effect on economic growth, while road and mining infrastructure do not show a significant effect. However, the government needs to review the strategy for developing and maintaining road and mining infrastructure. Factors such as the low quality and quantity of roads and the lack of development of downstream industries for nickel processing can be obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of this infrastructure in supporting economic growth. On the other hand, increasing electricity capacity and distribution remains a priority to support the development of the industrial sector and small businesses in the region.

The implementation of Islamic economics in the modern financial system is an effort to create an economic system that is fair, transparent, and sustainable, based on the principles taught in the Qur'an and Sunnah. The main principles of Islamic economics, such as the prohibition of riba (interest), fairness in transactions, zakat, the prohibition of gharar (uncertainty), and the balance in wealth distribution, provide a strong foundation for the formation of a more inclusive and social economic system. However, its implementation in the era of globalization faces various challenges, such as the lack of uniformity in Islamic legal standards across countries, differences in legal interpretations, and the integration of new technologies like fintech, blockchain, and cryptocurrency, which often conflict with Islamic principles. One solution that can be pursued is the development of Sharia-compliant digital financial products that adhere to the principles of fair and transparent transactions. On the other hand, Islamic financial institutions need to improve operational efficiency and strengthen the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) to ensure that financial products are in line with Sharia principles. Education and training in Islamic economics are also key to building a better understanding and accelerating the adoption of Islamic economic principles in the global financial system. Through close collaboration between Islamic financial institutions, regulators, and educational institutions, it is hoped that Islamic economics can provide a more ethical and sustainable alternative in the international market.

This study aims to analyze the level of user satisfaction with the Library Information System using the PIECES Framework approach. This method includes six main indicators: Performance, Information, Economics, Control and Security, Efficiency, and Service. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 respondents consisting of library managers and users. The results showed that all indicators were SATISFIED with an average satisfaction score of 3.46. The Control and Security indicator obtained the highest score with a value of 3.93, while Service was the indicator with the lowest value, namely 3.51. In general, the Library Information System is considered to have fast, accurate, and efficient performance in supporting library management. However, there are several inputs related to service features that need to be improved, especially to facilitate new users. The results of this study confirm that the PIECES Framework is effective for evaluating user satisfaction, providing comprehensive guidance for information system analysis. The findings of the study are expected to be a reference for the development of library information systems in the future to improve service quality and operational efficiency.

This study analyzes the ambiguity regarding the obligation to mediate in resolving patent disputes according to the Patent Law, and its implications for the efficiency of the dispute resolution process. Although Article 153 and Article 154 of the Patent Law open up opportunities for dispute resolution through alternative mechanisms, the ambiguity regarding the obligation to mediate creates legal uncertainty that can hinder efficiency and increase dispute costs. Based on the Economic Analysis of Law approach, this study shows that the obligation to mediate can reduce social costs, accelerate the dispute resolution process, and increase overall economic efficiency. Mediation as an obligation can reduce the burden on the judicial system, minimize transaction costs, and create better legal and business stability. Therefore, this study encourages the implementation of the obligation to mediate in patent disputes to create a more efficient, fair, and profitable dispute resolution system for all parties involved.    

The 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) has a very iportant fundamental role in the legal and political system in Indonesia, especially in ensuring the fulfillment of Human Rights (HAM) for the people in Indonesia. As the country's highest constitution, the 1945 Constitution not only determines the structure and powers of the state, but also regulates the protection of the rights of individuals and groups of citizens or society. Since the amendments to the 1945 Constitution from 1999 to 2002, the substance of human rights has increasingly been strengthened and regulations have been tightened, with an emphasis on civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. In this article I aim to examine how the 1945 Constitution functions as a legal instrument to guarantee the protection of human rights in Indonesia. This research uses a normative approach by analyzing articles in the 1945 Constitution which are directly or indirectly related to human rights, as well as assessing their implementation in practice. The results of the analysis show that although the 1945 Constitution provides a strong legal foundation for the protection of human rights, many challenges still arise in its implementation and enforcement, especially those related to the gap between legal norms and the reality on the ground. Apart from that, the role of state institutions such as the Constitutional Court (MK), Komnas HAM, and the judicial system is very crucial in ensuring the fulfillment of citizens' basic rights. In conclusion, the 1945 Constitution has great potential to guarantee Human Rights in Indonesia, but ongoing efforts are needed to overcome various obstacles and problems in its implementation practice.

:Pakistan is a developing country. Its transportation infrastructure mainly consists of road network. About 95% passengers and fright is transported using the road network. This high demand on road network is because of the unreliable railway system between the cities. Due to such high demand on road network the accident involvement risk of an individual is much high as compared to developed countries. This study uses a new modeling approach to estimate road safety risk for WTP.  A correlated random parameters Tobit model (heterogeneity-in-mean) is integrated with machine learning (Decision tree).  The decision tree categorizes higher-order interactions, while the model captures unobserved correlations and heterogeneity. The framework examines WTP determinants using a representative sample of 3178 road users from Pakistan. The model estimates WTP for different (fatal and severe injury) risk reductions to monetize road traffic crash costs. Results show maximum respondents are willing to support safety improvement policies. The model reveals significant WTP heterogeneity linked to perceptions of road safety and accident risk. Systematic preference heterogeneity emerges through higher-order interactions, offering insights into WTP relationships. Marginal effects highlight varying sensitivities to explanatory variables, quantifying their impact on WTP probability and magnitude. The framework provides two key contributions. It identifies public WTP determinants, emphasizing heterogeneous effects. It also helps in prioritization safety policies by understanding public sensitivity to WTP. The insights further emphasizing on the importance of road safety interventions to the specific socio-economic profiles of road users. This study offers a significant contribution to road safety improvement by providing valuable recommendations for policy makers. By integrating detailed socio-economic factors, it also addresses the urgent need for targeted traffic safety interventions in Pakistan. These findings are expected to aid policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to enhance road safety and reduce the accident involvement risk effectively.

This research examines the implementation of Islamic business ethics in the practice of buying and selling in the marketplace. The background is the rapid growth of the marketplace as a digital innovation that facilitates buying and selling transactions, but still presents challenges such as dishonesty, unfairness, and non-transparency. This research uses a literature review-based qualitative method to explore the principles of Islamic business ethics such as tawhid, justice, responsibility, and honesty in the context of marketplaces. The findings show that the application of Islamic business ethics can create a more transparent, fair, and sustainable business ecosystem. Platforms such as Tokopedia, Shopee, and Bukalapak have adopted these principles through review, return, and product verification systems. The research results provide a practical contribution in building a digital marketplace that is aligned with sharia values, supports global economic sustainability, and increases consumer trust.

This study aims to analyze the contribution of Islamic economic policies to macroeconomic stability in Indonesia through various Islamic financial instruments. The results show that Islamic economic policies, including Islamic banking, zakat, waqf, and sukuk, play a significant role in supporting economic stability and fostering real sector growth. Profit-sharing financing offered by Islamic banking, for instance, provides a fairer and more flexible alternative compared to conventional systems. Furthermore, wealth redistribution instruments such as zakat and productive waqf have proven to help reduce poverty and improve community welfare. However, challenges remain regarding the low financial literacy of Islamic finance and the lack of infrastructure supporting its implementation. This study suggests the need for strategic steps to strengthen Islamic financial literacy, enhance digital technology, and strengthen collaboration between the government, Islamic financial institutions, and society in promoting inclusive and sustainable Islamic economic growth.

The birth of various Islamic financial institutions (LKS) shows that Islamic teachings cover the economic scope, including cooperatives in the form of Islamic finance These Islamic teachings must absolutely be obeyed and guided by all Muslims in making daily life activities, including in transaction and investment activities, Mashlahah refers to all forms of benefits or goodness that can bring prosperity to individuals and society in general.  without ignoring sharia values. For manufacturers of mashlahah formulations, it is an important challenge in carrying out production activities that not only pursue material profits, but also contribute to economic sustainability, social justice, and environmental preservation Qualitative descriptive research is aimed at describing and describing existing phenomena, both natural and man-made, that pay more attention to the characteristics, quality, and linkages between activities. In addition, descriptive research does not provide treatment, manipulation or alteration to the variables studied, but rather describes a condition as it is. The only treatment given is the research itself, which is carried out through observation, interviews from competent sources in their fields The imbalance between profits and benefits is one of the fundamental issues in the formulation of mashlahah for producers who are faced with pressure to maximize profits in a short time, which sometimes has the potential to sacrifice the principles of benefits caused by several factors, such as adopting strategies that are oriented towards short-term profits to meet financial targets or pressure from shareholders. As a result, the benefits are often overlooked. The imbalance between profits and benefits is an important problem for sharia-based cooperatives that lack understanding of the principles of mashlahah in Islamic business, such as avoiding riba and using a clear profit-sharing system on every transaction

This article examines the important role of law in promoting economic development and ensuring the well-being of people in Indonesia. It analyzes the legal framework that governs economic activities, focusing on principles and regulations that facilitate economic growth, protect rights, and promote social justice. This article explores the evolution of Indonesia's legal system in response to economic challenges and opportunities, highlighting key laws and policies that have shaped the nation's economic landscape. This includes an analysis of the constitutional foundations of Indonesia's economic system, with a special emphasis on Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, which mandates a "people's economy" based on the principles of kinship, cooperative ownership, and state control over vital resources. Furthermore, this article discusses the challenges and prospects of using the law as a tool to achieve sustainable and inclusive economic development. It emphasizes the importance of legal certainty, regulatory efficiency, and the protection of public interests in fostering a conducive investment climate and promoting equitable economic growth. The article also discusses the role of law in addressing important issues such as environmental protection, labor rights, and consumer protection, highlighting the linkages between economic development and social welfare. By examining Indonesia's experience, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between law and economic development in the context of developing countries.

PT Jadi Kaya Raya Bersama, founded in 2024 in Banyumas, Indonesia, focuses on providing reliable financial recording solutions for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through fintech-based applications. The platform is designed to support transaction recording, financial monitoring, and reporting processes to improve MSME financial management. Despite its significant potential, several technical issues have hindered the application’s performance and service quality. Key problems identified include disruptions in the WhatsApp Bot API, user authentication errors, and the lack of integration with banking systems and digital wallet services. These challenges affect transaction recording accuracy, operational efficiency, and the security of user financial data. To identify the root causes of these issues and propose appropriate solutions, a system audit was conducted using the COBIT framework as a governance and management evaluation tool. The audit process involved assessing system performance, control mechanisms, and IT service management practices. The results indicate that API disruptions were primarily caused by network instability and configuration errors, which led to interruptions in automated transaction recording services. Meanwhile, authentication problems were associated with weak login mechanisms and insufficient identity verification processes. In addition, the application’s inability to integrate with banking and e-money services created limitations in transaction synchronization and reduced overall user convenience. Based on these findings, several strategic recommendations are proposed. These include optimizing API performance, strengthening authentication systems through the implementation of Two-Factor Authentication (2FA), and developing integration capabilities with banking institutions and digital wallet platforms. The implementation of these improvements is expected to enhance system efficiency, data security, and service quality. Ultimately, strengthening the fintech application’s performance will support MSMEs financial management and contribute to sustainable digital economic growth in Indonesia.

The construction of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is one of the strategic measures to address urban transportation problems, such as congestion and limited mobility. The Official Development Assistance (ODA) policy channeled through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) plays an important role in supporting this project, both in financial and technical terms. This study aims to analyze the contribution of ODA policy in the development of Jakarta MRT, particularly its impact on improving transportation infrastructure, economic growth, and environmental quality. The research method used is a qualitative approach with secondary data analysis from official documents, reports, and related studies. The result shows that the policy of Official Development Assistance (ODA) through JICA in the construction of MRT Jakarta has significantly contributed to the improvement of transportation infrastructure, congestion reduction, and economic growth. The technical and financial support from JICA enables Indonesia to utilize Japanese technology to create a sustainable transportation system.

This study examines the impact of the 12% VAT increase on state revenue and societal welfare in Indonesia. The research aims to analyze how the policy affects economic indicators such as inflation, purchasing power, and fiscal stability. A qualitative method with a systematic literature review approach was employed, utilizing data from scholarly articles, online news, and related journals. Findings indicate that the VAT increase contributes to a 0.8–1% rise in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and significantly affects secondary and tertiary goods, while essential goods remain exempt. The policy is expected to enhance state revenue, enabling greater fiscal space for social and infrastructure programs. However, it also raises concerns about reduced purchasing power, particularly among low-income groups. The study suggests implementing compensatory mechanisms and targeted subsidies to mitigate adverse effects. This research underscores the importance of balancing fiscal goals with social equity.

Indonesian Goverment did so many changes in a way to ease and to grow the sentimen of investor which is good and can attract new company to born and growth in Indonesia. To increase investment and to speed up the growth of Economic also to improve a Good Governance system to led a better future. With the dealth of Peraturan Pemerintah No. 5 Tahun 2021 it talks about Execution License Bussiness Base on Risk, then Indonesian Governance has been launched OSS-RBA to ease make the license of bussiness. This study to acknowledge the plus and minus of license for bussiness base risk and the excution to online law single submission to push more investment also it triggred because of excecution license base risk for the better future of investment positivity. Then as long as I know I can conclude from the procedural it is very closely related and influental to the license of bussiness because in this way can give an ease to all enterpreneurs, however this impact could not happen if it’s written only in the books of law Undang-Undang which exist, not only to refers on normatively orders, but it should be consistanly, commited in the implementing the right rules.

In this study, we explore how the tax judiciary can reduce tax evasion and promote compliance in different legal and economic environments. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative analysis in a mixed-methods effort, the article explores the varied judicial contexts, resolutions, and the implications on how taxpayers behave. These findings underscore the important role that judicial interventions play in raising compliance rates, with comparative lessons from Iraq, Germany, and the United States. Although efficient mechanisms for judiciary review exhibit a strong link to improved compliance, low public awareness, resource constraints, and procedural delays have affected optimal performance in the Global South. Key Takeaway: The study emphasizes the need for enhancing technology integration and improving coordination between judicial systems and tax authorities to enable fair enforcement and efficient resolution of disputes. They enhance the literature on tax governance by providing empirical recommendations for increasing judicial efficiency and fundamentals in light of contemporary challenges associated with globalization and digitalization. Potential areas of future research include the use of advanced technologies in changing tax judiciary practices, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain.

Article discusses the influence of education on economic growth in developing countries, with a special focus on Indonesia. Education is considered a key factor in improving the quality of human resources, which contributes to economic growth. The three main theories that explain this relationship are human capital theory, allocation theory, and class growth theory. Human capital theory suggests that higher education can increase productivity and wages, despite criticism regarding job quality. Allocation theory highlights the role of education in allocating individuals based on educational strata, while class growth theory highlights the impact of education on social inequality. In Indonesia, challenges faced in the education sector include inequality of access and poor infrastructure, especially in remote areas. Despite increasing education budgets, data shows that classroom infrastructure problems are still not fully resolved. This article emphasizes the importance of research and development to improve the quality of education, which in turn is expected to encourage economic growth and reduce social problems such as unemployment and crime. Successful examples from other countries, such as South Korea, show that a strong education system can contribute significantly to economic growth. The method used in this research is a literature review, which collects and analyzes various studies related to the influence of education on economic growth. The literature sources used include books, academic journals, and research reports, which allows the authors to gain a broader picture of trends, findings, and research gaps in this topic.

This study aims to examine the Analysis of the Development of the Tangkahan Tourism Area. This type of research uses qualitative descriptive research. The data collection techniques in this study are interviews and observations. Data collection is data obtained from research sources that are still raw and have not been processed by researchers Data reduction, data presentation, the process of drawing conclusions involves the researcher interpreting the data that has been displayed. The methods carried out include comparisons, grouping, making patterns, and triangulating. The results of tourism development research are carried out with the aim of making tourism advanced and developing in a better direction in terms of the quality of facilities, facilitating access anywhere, becoming a desired destination, and making good economic benefits for the surrounding community. Tourism planning and development is not a stand-alone system, but is closely related to other development planning systems intra-sectoral and intra-regional. Then the development of tourist destinations requires good and appropriate planning techniques. The development technique must combine several aspects to support the success of tourism. These aspects are accessibility aspects (transportation and marketing channels), characteristics of tourism infrastructure, level of social interaction, linkage/compatibility with other sectors, resilience to tourism impacts, level of resistance of local communities, and so on.