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The Rwandan genocide in 1994 was one of the worst humanitarian tragedies in modern history, killing an estimated 800,000 people in less than 100 days. This event not only left deep wounds for the Rwandan people, but also had a significant impact on the development of international humanitarian law. This abstract examines how the Rwandan genocide prompted a revision and strengthening of international legal principles, including enforcement mechanisms, refugee protection, and trials for international crimes. Through an analysis of UN Resolutions, the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and developments in the Geneva Conventions, the article shows that the Rwandan genocide has influenced the way the international community has responded to future armed conflicts and human rights violations.

This study explores the discourse surrounding the Agus Salim donation controversy, focusing on how media narratives and legal rhetoric shape public perception. Drawing on two primary sources—articles from Brilio.net and KapanLagi.com—the research employs critical discourse analysis to examine the framing of key events, including allegations of donation mismanagement, legal strategies, and the public's reaction to the case. The findings reveal how media outlets construct competing narratives, emphasizing the roles of public figures, lawyers, and victims in influencing the discourse. By analyzing language use, power dynamics, and ideological positioning, this study highlights the interplay between legal rhetoric and public opinion in cases of social and moral significance. The research contributes to understanding how controversies are framed in digital media and their implications for justice and accountability in contemporary society.

Anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with increased mortality and morbidity, especially in pregnant women. In both developed and developing countries, some women experience anemia during pregnancy. Usually non-pregnant women have normal hemoglobin of 12-15%. According to WHO, the incidence of anemia in pregnancy ranges from 20% to 89% by setting HB <11 gr% (h/dl). The rate of anemia in pregnancy occurs 3.8% in the first trimester, 13.6% in the second trimester and 24.8% in the third trimester (Manuaba, 2012). The counseling method on preventing anemia by providing iron (Fe) to pregnant women is used in the community service program. The community service event was presented by twenty pregnant women from Bangun Rejo Village aged 20 to 35 years. After the counseling activity, pregnant women from Bangun Rejo Village understood more about anemia in pregnant women. This can be seen from the increase in their post-test scores compared to their pre-test. The pre-test results showed that most participants answered incorrectly, with an average score of 35; the post-test results showed an increase in knowledge, with an average score of 80. After attending the counseling and completing the post-test, the last participants underwent an Hb examination, which was guided by a gymnastics instructor and documented via video.

Adulthood is experiencing many problems that must be faced, especially in middle adulthood. Middle adulthood can be said to start at 35-60 years old. The median age is filled with various responsibilities and roles that consume time and energy. This period is also a period that spans the problems of daily life faced. This period was eventually marked by physical and mental changes, especially in spirituality. The method used in this paper is qualitative, using a literature approach. A literature study is carried out by examining various sources regarding the topics discussed. Researchers use various study sources such as textbooks, scientific journals and scientific internet sources.

Adulthood is experiencing many problems that must be faced, especially in middle adulthood. Middle adulthood can be said to start at 35-60 years old. The median age is filled with various responsibilities and roles that consume time and energy. This period is also a period that spans the problems of daily life faced. This period was eventually marked by physical and mental changes, especially in spirituality. The method used in this paper is qualitative, using a literature approach. A literature study is carried out by examining various sources regarding the topics discussed. Researchers use various study sources such as textbooks, scientific journals and scientific internet sources.

Background: The Celuk - Sukawati Village tourist area is one of the favorite tourist attractions in Gianyar Regency. Most of the population work as silver and gold craftsmen. Even though the local community has relatively high income and education, empirically the community still maintains the tradition of using herbal medicine to prevent or treat disease, but they do not understand how to process it and do not understand the correct dosage. Community service activities are organized by Udayana University and Bali International University, to educate the community. Method: the method of implementing this activity includes several important stages, namely socialization of osteoporosis prevention exercises to maintain bone health; followed by education regarding herbal medicines regarding their types and benefits; and ended with a discussion and question and answer session to deepen participants' understanding. The activity closed with a demonstration on making herbal drinks, where participants could see the making process directly and taste the results, so they could practice it themselves at home. Result: This activity involved around 100 people from various age groups, who actively participated in the entire series of events. The activities ran smoothly and were supported by extraordinary attention and positive responses from the community. Conclusion: The target and output of this service program is to provide knowledge and insight to the community about how to make herbal drinks and improve physical health through exercise to prevent osteoporosis. The implementation of community service with various parties needs to be intensified to provide benefits to improve the level of public health.

The occurrence of patient accidents is like an iceberg phenomenon. Medical errors remain a global issue in the healthcare sector. The culture of safety aims to create safer patient care, considering that Adverse Events can not only increase healthcare service costs but also bring hospitals into a blaming area. This study aims to describe the patient safety culture at Melati Perbaungan General Hospital. This descriptive study observes the implementation of patient safety culture in preventing adverse events in the inpatient department at Melati Perbaungan General Hospital using a total sampling technique with criteria including human resources in the inpatient department, such as executors, responsible persons, and department heads, totaling 65 people. The measurement of patient safety culture uses the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC) questionnaire with 12 dimensions of patient safety culture. The results show that the majority of respondents' characteristics in terms of age and length of work greatly support the creation of a patient safety culture, as most staff are in their productive age (31-40 years) and have an optimal working period (1-5 years) in performing their duties. The implementation of the patient safety culture by staff at Melati Perbaungan General Hospital is in the Positive Response category at 77.9%. This indicates that the patient safety culture has been well implemented.

This research discusses the juridical review of the sale and purchase of inherited land without the knowledge of other heirs in the civil law code. This research method uses normative legal research methods, namely library research methods. The results of this study indicate that the transfer of land rights through sale and purchase or inheritance and other legal events are in accordance with applicable regulations, namely the Basic Agrarian Law and Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 to create legal certainty and justice for severe parties, all legal acts or legal events need to be contained in an authentic deed made before a Notary / PPAT and registered with the land office so that the legal act is valid and has legal force in order to avoid legal problems and disputes, as well as an analysis of the basis for the judge's consideration in Decision Number 10/PDT. G/2019/PN LBT the plaintiff's lawsuit was declared unacceptable or rejected because the main petitum of the lawsuit was rejected, the next petitum was also rejected because it was assessor / following the granting of the main petitum of the lawsuit regarding the unlawful act of the defendants was declared unacceptable.

The Canva application is a support in the process of creating learning media, which allows the Canva application to develop electronic learning media. The research problem formulation is: (1) Utilization of the SBdP learning environment using the Canva SDN Hargotirto application. (2) How effective is the SBdP learning media with the Canva SDN Hargotirton application. Research is used as a research method whose aim is to describe and analyze phenomena, events, activities, social, attitudes, culture, perceptions, human thoughts individually and in groups. Guided qualitative research, that is, problems arising from the material remain open to the researcher. The subject of this research is Class V of Hargotirto Kokap Kulon Progo State Elementary School. This research tool uses interviews, questionnaires and test questions. This data is then analyzed using a percentage formula. The results of the research produced electronic media planning, namely. requirements analysis, planning, validation and review, and testing and implementation. The performance test results obtained through media expert validation were 95.38% in the very suitable category, 98% in the material category in the very suitable category, 92.31% of the students' tests answered very suitable, then the post-test results. with classic percentages. 100% falls into the very good category. Therefore, using the Canva application as an electronic learning tool is very suitable for increasing the interest of fifth grade students at SD Negeri Hargotirto Kokap Kulon Progo in fine arts.

The parenting style provided by a child's parents influences the quality of their life, thereby enabling them to grow into socially mature individuals. Parental parenting styles have a significant influence on the lives of their children. The development of independence is an important characteristic that prepares young people for their future lives. The Community Partnership Program (PKM) this time aims to provide knowledge about childcare practices to parents who have young children (aged 4-6 years). PKM events were attended by 52 persons. The PKM team's health education for parents of early childhood children (4-6 years) through question and answer lectures was shown to be effective in increasing parents' knowledge about parenting patterns, factors that influence the success of parenting patterns, independence formation, and other factors that influence the success of independence.

This research aims to analyze speech acts in the YouTube Podcast Warung Kopi (PWK) episode of Brandon Salim which was released on October 29 2023, in order to improve students' listening skills. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method that describes symptoms, facts, or events, systematically and accurately. Qualitative descriptive is a method that utilizes qualitative data and explains it descriptively.  The results of the analysis show that there are 24 types of speech acts in the podcast, including locutionary, illocutionary, assessive, directive, expressive, commissive, declaration, and perlocutionary. Accessive speech acts are the most dominant with 12 utterances, followed by illocutionary acts with 11 utterances. The use of various types of speech acts reflects the diversity and complexity of communication in the podcast. This analysis reveals that understanding and practicing various speech acts can help students listen more carefully and critically,    

It is widespread in society to see the division of labor between women and men based on gender. The daughter helps her mother, and the son helps her father, showing that a woman is more productive in housework. Gender inequality is generated by discriminatory behavior against women caused by this injustice in the division of roles. However, this is different for single women. Until now, they still have problems carrying out responsibilities that must be done, such as running work and taking care of their families. Based on these events, single women experience feelings of fear, known as fear of success. Because of the fear of the negative consequences that may occur if successful, fear becomes a mental barrier to achievement. Every woman must have dreams to achieve, but inadequate circumstances and societal demands make her afraid to succeed. This study uses qualitative methods and is a type of phenomenological research. Theme-driven analysis is used in theory. The information in this study is collected from three single women selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The results of this study show that single women who have experienced fear of success experience the following: fear of themselves, pessimism, doubt about living both roles, pessimism, and difficulty starting new things due to environmental factors.

This research aims to describe the impact of changing CV Tulimario on the halal label of their products in Tangkit Baru Village, Sungai Gelam District, Muara Jambi Regency. Descriptive qualitative methods are used to analyze natural conditions and events in the field. Tangkit Baru Village has an area of ​​18,122 km² with a population of 2,974 people. CV Tulimario, founded by Mr H. Baso Intang in 1981, operates in the pineapple processing agro-industry sector, with main products such as pineapple dodol, pineapple chips and Nasgar drinks. This research found that CV Tulimario's sales strategy relies heavily on halal certification to increase competitiveness and consumer trust. Halal certification is considered important for market access in supermarkets and large stores, as well as improving consumer image and trust. However, the process of obtaining halal certification presents its own challenges, especially in meeting the requirements for suitability and cleanliness. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding market requirements and consumer needs, as well as commitment to hygiene and quality standards in production to support sustainable economic growth.

A land sale and purchase agreement is an important event in everyday life. However, this agreement often experiences problems, such as default. Default is the performance of an obligation that is not on time, resulting in the obligation for the debtor to provide or pay compensation. This article discusses the dispute in Supreme Court Decision No. 12/Pdt.G/2024/PN.Ptk. In this decision, the Plaintiff must pay court costs of Rp. 1,179,000 (one million seventy nine thousand rupiah). This article aims to identify the defaults that occurred and analyze the evidence of the parties in the trial. The research method used in researching this case study is the normative juridical method, which is a legal research method carried out by examining the implementation or implementation of rules in positive law (legislation) and written documents on certain legal events that occur in society. This default was committed by the Defendant, namely Burhanuddin, S.Pd., with the type of default being an act that was not in accordance with the contract. Based on the evidence presented by the parties, the Pontianak Court Judge stated that the defendant's decision was rejected because of the exception, regarding the lack of parties and Error in persona (wrong party) so that the plaintiff was ordered to pay all costs incurred in this case in the amount of Rp. 1,179,000 (one million one hundred seventy nine thousand rupiah).    

Systematically, this paper describes the reasons for the importance of educational entrepreneurship in character building for students and assumes that educational entrepreneurship will encourage students to start entrepreneurship. The many problems of poverty do have consequences on competition in getting jobs because in Indonesia it is very limited. It is only fitting that as the next generation of the nation in the future, students should be persistent in encouraging the spirit of entrepreneurship so that they do not rely on limited job opportunities but must become job providers and creators. The method used in this study is the Literature Review method, which is to review the themes raised. The way to collect information from this library activity is from various library sources which are needed as a source for developing new ideas in the form of a framework which will eventually become a theory. Entrepreneurial character through learning about entrepreneurship can be built through higher education. For students to cultivate entrepreneurial traits, they must start early because truly reliable and successful entrepreneurs start from small to large things or businesses, not the other way around. Students must get rid of thoughts about entrepreneurship, namely when starting a business they must have large capital money and feel unable to take risks that will be faced in the future.

The SMPN 1 Ungaran school museum is the only school museum found in semarang district. The museum is located in the SMPN 1 Ungaran complex that during the Dutch Indies was used as kweekschool. The Museum Buildings have a high historical value for civilization in the city of Ungaran and are now being used as a school museum that houses the most impressive collections that have ever occurred in this school and are not found in any other. There are many people who are unaware of the existence of the school's museum, but at the same time the museum has difficulty trying to explain the history, profile and detail of the museum collection when, having or attending educational exhibitions or similar events. Looking at the problem, it would require an audio-visual solution packed into a profile video capable of providing information about the school's museum profile. Applying qualitative methods and linear strategies, it is hoped to produce a video profile that can provide information on the history of museum buildings, museum profiles and museum collections in greater detail and interest to the general public, making its existence known.    

This study aims to find out how social criticism is in the script of the drama DOR by Putu Wilayah. The object used in this study is a series of events in the script of the drama DOR by Putu Wijaya which contains social criticism. This manuscript was published by Balai Pustaka in 1985. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive method. The data collection technique is to read and understand the script of the drama DOR by Putu Wijaya, mark the speeches of the characters and narrators in the script of the drama DOR by Putu Wijaya, then record the findings on the record sheet, and inventory the characters contained in the script of the drama DOR by Putu Wijaya in a table format. The data analysis technique is to classify data on social criticism contained in the script of the drama DOR by Putu Wijaya through the speech of the characters, the actions of the characters and the narrator's exposure, interpret the data on social criticism in the script of the drama DOR by Putu Wijaya and draw conclusions and report the results of data analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the forms of social criticism in the DOR drama script by Putu Wijaya include, among others, (1) Social criticism of norm violations, (2) Social criticism of family disorganization, (3) Social criticism of crime handling, (4) Social criticism of poverty.      

This research explores the Marapulai Basuntiang Tradition, a traditional Minangkabau wedding procession in Indrapura Pesisir Selatan, which is rich with symbolism and philosophical meaning. This tradition is not only a wedding ceremony, but also reflects the values of mutual cooperation, togetherness, and respect for ancestors. Through a qualitative approach and descriptive method, this research examines the stages of the Marapulai Basuntiang procession from preparation to post-event, as well as the changes that occur along with the influence of outside culture. It also compares the elements of the wedding in Pesisir Selatan with other regions to reveal how geographical, historical and socio-cultural factors influence the differences. The results of the study show that despite changes in traditional elements due to modernization, noble values and local cultural identity are maintained. This research aims to strengthen the understanding of the Marapulai Basuntiang tradition and provide recommendations for its preservation in the midst of modernization.

Vocal and musical arts training at SD Negeri 01 Ungaran aims to improve students' musical abilities and develop artistic talents among teenagers. This program involves a series of activities such as vocal training, introduction to various musical instruments, and musical techniques. Through this training, students are expected to be able to understand the basics of good vocal technique, become familiar with various musical genres, and be able to perform confidently in various school events and competitions. Apart from that, this activity also aims to strengthen social relations between students through cooperation and collaboration in music groups. The results of this program show significant improvements in students' musical abilities as well as a greater appreciation for the art of music. With this training, it is hoped that it can cultivate a talented young generation and contribute to the world of musical arts in the future.

The provisions requiring an Independent Worker to become a participant in the implementation of Public Housing Savings (Tapera) are felt to be inadequate/or unfair. If this continues to be forced, then at least 2 (two) problems will arise in the future, namely: First, how will the participation of Independent Workers continue. Second, whether the provisions requiring the participation of Independent Workers are in accordance with the principle of utility (utilitarianism) in law. The aim of the research is to contribute ideas to regulatory or policy makers regarding the implementation of Tapera. The research method chosen is normative legal research, which is related to doctrinal research or legal teachings by conducting literature reviews, through a legal philosophy approach with the thought framework of Jeremy Bentham (utilitarianism) and a legislative approach. The results of the assessment (thinking) are as follows: First, the continuity of Independent Worker participation will have a high risk of being resolved until the end. Second, Jeremy Bentham's principle of utilitarianism/benefit (happiness) justice is not implemented, considering the norm which requires Independent Workers to follow Tapera, it is felt that it is unfair in the event that Independent Workers already own a house (either by paying in installments, building their own house, getting a house from from gifts and inheritance).