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Poverty and economic inequality pose substantial issues for numerous emerging nations, with an estimated 712 million individuals globally residing in extreme poverty as of 2022. This article analyzes the impact of public policy on these concerns, with case studies from Indonesia, Brazil, and India. This research employs literature review methodologies to analyze several implemented policies, including conditional cash assistance, enhanced access to education, health services, infrastructure development, and economic empowerment initiatives. Conditional cash transfer programs, exemplified by Indonesia's Family Hope Program and Brazil's Bolsa Familia, have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing access to fundamental services for impoverished populations. Conversely, implementation obstacles, including limited institutional capacity and inadequate oversight, frequently obstruct policy achievement in underdeveloped nations. This study concludes that effective public policy necessitates a multifaceted strategy involving resource redistribution, the creation of economic possibilities, and enhanced access to education and healthcare. This research aims to offer insights for other developing nations by examining the policies enacted in these three countries, so facilitating the creation of more inclusive and sustainable public policy interventions. These findings underscore the significance of the government's involvement in empowering impoverished communities through systematic and sustainable measures to foster equitable development and mitigate inequality.

Rapid urbanization has led to an increased demand for food in urban areas. At the same time, land limitations and dependence on external supplies pose significant challenges to food security. Urban agriculture is an innovative solution for producing local food using limited land and modern agricultural techniques such as hydroponics, aquaponics, vertical farming, and rooftop gardens. This approach allows urban agriculture to be more resource-efficient, reduces distribution costs, and minimizes its environmental impact by lowering its carbon footprint. In addition to environmental benefits, urban agriculture also brings social and economic benefits by raising awareness of food sustainability, creating new business opportunities, and enhancing food independence in urban communities. This research uses a literature review method to examine various articles discussing the development, obstacles, and implementation of urban agriculture in different countries. The results show that urban agriculture makes an important contribution to improving food security while also providing a sustainable alternative for the global food system. Therefore, promoting the growth of urban agriculture from the perspective of sustainable food security requires support from government institutions, the private sector, and local communities.

Significant changes have occurred in the economy, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia, where the economic, development and industrial sectors continue to improve. Manufacturing companies in the cosmetics subsector are an industry that has quite intense competition in Indonesia. According to the first quarter of 2020 data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the market growth of this industry averaged 5.59% per year. This is expected to continue in the coming year. The implementation of supply chain management (SCM) will support organizations to have a good performance system. PT Zoey Cosmedica Putra (Maklon Kosmetik) is one of the manufacturing companies engaged in the cosmetics industry. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of supply chain management on company performance. Data processing using the Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method using Smart PLS software version 4.0. The results of SCM factor analysis research measured by independent variables, namely relationships with suppliers (X1), relationships with customers (X2) and the level of information sharing (X3) with the dependent variable, namely company performance (Y). Shows X1 and X3 hypotheses have an influence, while the X2 hypothesis has no effect.

Technological advances have had a major impact on the development of tradelaw. This applies in Indonesia. Information and communication technology, especially the Internet, has changed the way trade is conducted from traditional to digital or e-commerce methods. Thiscreatestheneedfor legal regulationsthattakeintoaccountnewtrendssuch as personal data protection, electronic transaction security, the validity of digital documents, and consumer protection in the digital space. The enactment of the Electronic Transaction Information Law (UU ITE) and laws and regulations in the field of electronic commerce, such as Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 (PMSE), is clear evidence that trade law is adapting to technology. Furthermore, technological development also encourage the emergence of blockchain-based smart contracts, which require legal recognition and adaptation of their validity. However, the impact of this technology also creates challenges such as the digital divide, lack of legal literacy among SMEs, and challenges of cross-border law enforcement in international transactions. Therefore, building an inclusive, technologically sensitive, and adaptive commercial legal system requires synergy between regulators, economicactors, and the community.

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence economic growth in Singapore. The research method used is a qualitative method with descriptive analysis techniques using a literature review approach such as scientific journals and digital books. The results showed that the factors that influence the increase in Singapore's economic growth are foreign direct investment, progressive economic policies, export sector and international trade, energy consumption and infrastructure, human resources and education, finance and banking sector, innovation and technology and strategic geographical location and research issues discussed.  

Diseases in cattle, especially Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), have a major economic impact on farmers. FMD is a highly contagious viral disease in even-toed ungulates such as cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep. This virus from the genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae spreads rapidly through direct contact, air, or contaminated objects. The impact of FMD is very detrimental, including decreased milk production in dairy cows, weight loss in beef cattle, and death in severe cases. In addition, high medical costs, restrictions on livestock trade, and reduced consumer confidence in livestock products are also important consequences. The FMD outbreak in Indonesia in 2022, especially in East Java, caused major losses for farmers. Therefore, a fast and accurate diagnostic system is needed for early detection of the disease. Early diagnosis helps farmers take appropriate treatment measures such as isolating infected livestock, administering drugs, and disinfecting pens to prevent the spread. This article discusses the implementation of the forward chaining method in an expert system for diagnosing cattle diseases, including FMD. This method analyzes cattle symptoms and matches them with rules in the knowledge base systematically, from symptoms to diagnosis. With this approach, the expert system can provide a fast and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment recommendations. This is expected to help farmers reduce losses, increase productivity, and support the sustainability of cattle farming businesses in Indonesia.

Indonesia, as an archipelagic country with over 17,000 islands, faces significant challenges in providing electricity access, particularly to small and remote islands. One promising solution is Solar Power Plants (PLTS), both land-based and floating solar plants that utilize water surfaces, suitable for areas with limited land availability. This study evaluates the economic feasibility of floating solar plants and land-based solar plants using the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE) approach. LCoE encompasses all costs of construction, operation, maintenance, and energy production over the plant's lifespan, serving as a key benchmark in selecting power generation technologies. The findings show that the LCoE for floating solar plants is Rp11,197.00/kWh, lower than land-based solar plants at Rp11,769.00/kWh, although both exceed the electricity purchase price in Kodingareng, South Sulawesi, at Rp2,460.00/kWh. This difference is influenced by higher construction costs for floating solar plants but offset by greater energy output and lower operation and maintenance costs. This research provides a basis for developing solar power systems in archipelagic regions, emphasizing efficiency and sustainable energy solutions.

The present study reflects upon the initial evaluation of Indonesia's readiness for the ethical adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) per the available evaluation framework, namely, the UNESCO Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM). The analysis considers key legal, social, scientific, economic, and technical dimensions pertaining to governance of artificial intelligence in Indonesia, with the view to exploring particular gaps and opportunities for improvement. Following a detailed secondary-document analysis, this study underscores the capacity of the country to apply AI within economic, governance, and sustainable development domains while tackling ethical challenges. The study also makes recommendations for legal systems and frameworks, infrastructure, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The limitations of the present assessment are indicated, alongside guidance for future studies to pursue an inclusive and sustainable AI ecosystem in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the potential of local wisdom-based creative economy in Soaib Village, Kemtuk District, Jayapura Regency. Soaib Village has cultural wealth and abundant natural resources, including organic cocoa and orchids, which make it potential to be developed into a sustainable creative economy sector. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the SWOT method, explanatory analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the potential of existing resources. The results showed that organic cocoa and orchids are leading sectors that can be the driving force of the local economy. However, there are significant challenges, such as limited infrastructure, lack of technical training, cocoa pests, and limited market access. Support from organizations such as WWF in providing training and mentoring has had a positive impact, especially in improving community skills related to forest product management and orchid cultivation. The SWOT analysis revealed several key factors: (1) strengths in the form of natural resources and active community participation; (2) weaknesses in the form of lack of infrastructure and capital; (3) opportunities in the form of global demand for organic products and government support; and (4) threats in the form of climate change and competition from other regions. With more structured and inclusive management, this potential can be maximized to support sustainable economic development. This research emphasizes the importance of local wisdom as a foundation in creative economic development, while maintaining environmental sustainability. The resulting strategic recommendations include improving infrastructure, strengthening technical training, strengthening local institutions, and promoting awareness about the importance of sustainability. With these steps, Soaib Village is expected to become an example of successful management of local wisdom-based creative economy that can be replicated in other areas.

The development of the globalization era economy in Indonesia today has encouraged very tight competition in the business world. Challenges in business competition do not only come from within the country but have also been visited by competitors from abroad with products that have high competitive quality. If the company does not have a good internal control system, the company will automatically be eliminated, so that it will also have an impact on social economic growth. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the Internal Control System in an Effort to Increase Competitiveness at the Tegalsawah Village Grocery Store, East Karawang District. The type of research used is qualitative, with methods in the form of Interviews, Observations and documentation. The data analysis model used is the descriptive analysis method, which is an analysis technique by collecting, classifying, managing, describing data that is relevant to the problem being studied so as to make conclusions. The results of this study indicate that, in the efforts that can be made by grocery store business owners to manage their business optimally, one of them is implementing controlled internal control. The basis for this grocery store owner is to create balance and suitability to achieve effectiveness and efficiency in order to achieve profit.

This research aims to analyze the factors behind the rejection of land vacancy by recipients of land use rights in Numponi Village, East Malaka District, Malacca Regency. Employing an empirical legal research method, the study integrates primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data gathered from literature studies. The data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The findings reveal that the refusal to vacate land stems from a combination of internal and external factors. Internal factors include claims made by the right holders over the land, fulfillment of tax obligations, and the perception of ownership by the recipients of use rights. Meanwhile, external factors involve economic interests, cultural values, the influence of a matrilineal customary system that is not yet fully understood by the disputing parties, and a general lack of public awareness regarding agrarian law and the necessity of formal land documentation such as certificates. The study highlights the critical need for better dissemination of agrarian legal knowledge and formal land administration practices within local communities to prevent future disputes and ensure legal certainty over land use rights.

This study examines the effectiveness of integrated marketing communication in the development of community-based ecotourism at Bukit Tungkuwiri, Papua, with the aim of linking channel strategies and governance structures to socioeconomic impacts. A qualitative descriptive method was applied using purposive sampling involving visitors, managers, and local leaders. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and analyzed through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing using source and method triangulation. The results indicate that the orchestration of local government social media and printed materials expanded outreach and enhanced engagement, while community oral communication strengthened trust, identity, and educational experience. The appeal of the landscape, culinary and guide training, and local participation stimulated the economic turnover of stalls and small businesses, with tourist reach extending across provinces. The main constraints include dual authority systems, limited funding and human resources, and the absence of ticketing regulations and service SOPs. The discussion highlights the importance of cross-channel message consistency, brand architecture, and a monitoring–evaluation system linking digital metrics with on-site feedback. The study concludes that strengthening governance and local capacity is key to balancing promotion, conservation, and economic empowerment. The findings offer an operational model that can be replicated in similar rural destinations. Implications include establishing transparent ticket pricing, seasonal content calendars, curated experience packages, and cross-level collaboration among provincial, district, community, and business actors to ensure long-term sustainability.

This study aims to explore the impact of supply chain automation on workers’ well-being in the sustainable industrial sector through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The transformation driven by Industry 4.0 technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain, has presented significant challenges and opportunities. This study identifies the impacts of automation on workers’ economic, social, and psychological aspects, including changes in skills requirements, reduction of manual employment, and its effects on mental health. In addition, this study also highlights the importance of sustainability in automation implementation, by balancing economic efficiency, environmental preservation, and social welfare. By integrating the results of studies from various literatures, this study provides recommendations for policies that support sustainability and social inclusiveness, as well as strategic guidance for industries in adopting supply chain automation sustainably.

The execution of a loan agreement is a form of binding engagement between the lender and the borrower. This agreement must fulfill the validity requirements as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. In practice, there are still cooperatives that operate without legal entity status but continue to provide lending services, such as Pringkop Cooperative in Nobo Village, Ile Boleng District, East Flores Regency. This study aims to examine the implementation of loan agreements facilitated by Pringkop Cooperative, which operates without legal entity status, as well as the factors influencing the community's decision to engage in such agreements. This research employs empirical approach, utilizing primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis method applied is qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings of this study indicate that: (1) The execution of loan agreements in Pringkop Cooperative is conducted in a simple manner, without notarized deeds or legally valid written agreements, posing risks to both parties in terms of dispute resolution. Nevertheless, the cooperative continues to operate based on a trust system and an orally agreed-upon repayment mechanism. (2) The factors influencing the community to engage in loan agreements with Pringkop Cooperative include ease of access, trust in the cooperative, and the economic conditions of the community, which require quick loans without complex procedures. Additionally, social and cultural factors contribute to the sustainability of this practice, as family relationships and local customs play a significant role in loan transactions.

Performance audit is a strategic instrument to strengthen transparency and accountability in the governance of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). However, current practices of BUMDes auditing in Indonesia remain limited, fragmented, and often fail to uphold the principles of good governance. This study aims to identify and synthesize the implementation of performance audits in BUMDes across various regions through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 28 articles published between 2013 and 2024. Sources were obtained from Scopus, DOAJ, Google Scholar, and Garuda, with thematic analysis applied. The study identifies five core issues: weak internal audit mechanisms, limited community participation, low utilization of information technology, cultural resistance, and the role of audits in improving village economic performance. The paper proposes a participatory audit model grounded in local familial values and supported by appropriate digital tools. This hybrid model is contextually suited to promote accountability in rural areas where institutional capacity is limited but social cohesion is strong. Theoretically, this research extends the relevance of stewardship theory and participatory governance to micro-level public sector entities. Policy implications highlight the need for adaptive, community-based audit mechanisms as a foundation for accountable rural development

In recognition of the need for sustainable design philosophies and practices that can be incorporated into the design of new products with an environmentally sustainable perspective throughout the life cycle, this research used a scoping review approach to x-ray the utility of the Sustainable Value Framework (SVF) in enhancing the application of reinforced composite products for ecological efficiency. An extensive search was performed using the electronic databases of articles such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar. The study selected and extracted data from the literature according to the PRISMA-SCR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews) to map the current literature for gaps in knowledge. The research studies show that SVF promotes the product design by incorporating characteristics such as environmental, economic, and social factors to attain optimal reduction of resources and sustainable uses of the environmental resources as well as improving the quality of the products. The study discussed the principles of sustainable value creation and their work evaluates new solutions of composite material selection, design method and technology for sustainable products. It also discusses policy drivers as well as industry and consumer practices with regards to reuse of surfaces in sustainable design. This study is beneficial to various stakeholders like the policymakers, the professionals in industries and construction, and the scholars.

The research paper discusses the findings of the literature of previous studies related to accounting digitization to achieve environmental sustainability for the period from 2013 to 2023. The conclusions of the research literature show how the concept of modernity and the importance of digitization in accounting has evolved over the past few years in shedding light on different destinations and topics in the field of decision-making and environmental protection. The findings appears that researchers pointed to the urgent need to link research disciplines that would lead to increased interest in clean energy by involving experts in leading the digital transformation of accounting to legitimize the work of accountants.  This research paper also referred to the results of the literature of studies regarding the interaction between various fields, especially sustainable accounting and accounting information systems, where the role of digital accounting in achieving sustainability, which is an integral part of a network of human and non-human actors that reflects economic activities on the environment. New research must also take into account that technology alone cannot solve environmental issues in isolation from the interactive role with humans who jointly seek solutions. Therefore, automating the work of accountants interested in corporate social responsibility issues through digital accounting can be one of the main pillars of that interaction in order to improve decision-making to protect the environment.

China first established its mission to become a superpower in the year 2000, when they began implementing an open-ended trading system, where they implemented all of that in order to be able to equal or exceed the power of the United States in the coming years, one way is by expanding its influence in the Indo-Pacific region, where the region is one of the world's trading centers, in which the country of China stands, so that China can launch its mission more easily. Working with ASEAN and the South Pacific countries, developing trade cooperation, and providing support to specific countries for economic development are some of their methods. The "One China Policy" is one of the initiatives that the South Pacific nations have adopted as a result of their collaboration. About the study of such topics, the research techniques that the author employed in this study are descriptive techniques that make use of secondary data sources as a type of data. When examining China's aspirations to become a superpower through the perspective of realism and the theory of the balance of power, it can be concluded that, despite certain dynamics brought about by disputes in the South and East China Seas, they has succeeded in doing so, especially in the Indo-Pacific region.    

This study aims to examine the application of Islamic economic philosophy values in economic decision-making in Indonesia. Islamic economic philosophy, based on the teachings of the Qur’an and Hadith, emphasizes principles of justice, balance, and public welfare. Using a qualitative approach, this research gathers data through in-depth interviews with practitioners, entrepreneurs, and academics involved in Islamic economics. The findings reveal that values such as justice in wealth distribution, prohibition of usury (riba), and the importance of meeting societal needs serve as key guidelines in economic decision-making. Moreover, the application of concepts like zakat, charity (sedekah), and transparent transactions are also essential factors in ensuring a fair and sustainable economic system. The study also identifies challenges in implementing these values, such as low public awareness and lack of adequate supporting infrastructure. However, there is significant potential to integrate these Islamic economic values into modern economic practices to create a more humane and just economic system. Therefore, strengthening education and understanding of Islamic economics is crucial to support better economic decision-making.

This study aims to evaluate the Youth Potential Development policy implemented by the Youth and Sports Office (DISPORA) of Surabaya in enhancing youth participation and the quality of sports among young people. In this research, the researcher employs Dunn's (2003) policy evaluation theory, which consists of six criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, and the data collected comes from interviews, documentation, and field observations related to the implementation of this policy. The findings indicate that the implemented policy has successfully increased youth participation in sports, with an increase of approximately 70% from the initial target. However, regarding the quality of sports performance, this policy faces challenges related to limited facilities and insufficient training, which hinder optimal achievement of performance. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that although DISPORA Surabaya has succeeded in increasing youth sports participation, the quality of sports performance still requires more attention, particularly in strengthening facilities and enhancing ongoing training. Additionally, there are several challenges that need to be addressed, such as the lack of adequate data, disparities in youth participation from different socio-economic backgrounds, and insufficient coordination among related agencies. Based on these findings, the researcher recommends that DISPORA Surabaya improve the data collection and information processing systems to be more integrated, design more inclusive policies for diverse youth segments, and strengthen coordination among related agencies to ensure that the policy is implemented more effectively and efficiently.