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This study analyzes the effectiveness of installed supervision (Waskat) by the Sub-district Head on the performance of employees at the Bukit Kapur District Office, Dumai City, in the midst of the demands of public service accountability. The background involves local bureaucratic challenges such as resource constraints and employee resistance. Using a qualitative approach with field observation for two weeks (15-29 December 2025), including in-depth interviews with 5 employees and 2 community informants, plus data triangulation from attendance records and performance reports, it was analyzed thematically. The results revealed attendance increased to 95%, absenteeism decreased by 2%, and work output increased from 50 to 65 permit documents each week. Quotes such as "Direct supervision motivates me" (Employee A, 2025) affirm the preventive role of Waskat, despite obstacles such as over-tasking, in line with Fauzan (2024) on civil servant governance. The discussion highlighted Waskat as a tool for local bureaucratic reform. This conclusion affirms the effectiveness of Waskat in improving performance, recommending humanistic and digital adaptation. Policy implications for local governments, with suggestions for future studies using a larger sample.

The aim of this study is to analyze verbal and non-verbal communication in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom by using the Sinclair and Coulthard (1975) model of classroom discourse. Although many studies have examined verbal interaction in EFL classrooms, few have discussed how verbal and non-verbal communication work together to support effective learning. To fill this gap, this research focuses on identifying the types and frequency of verbal and non-verbal communication used by the teacher and students during classroom interaction. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from an 80-minute video recording of an eleventh-grade English class at MAS Darul Quran. The recording was transcribed and analyzed based on Sinclair and Coulthard’s framework, which includes three main levels: Exchange (Informing, Directive, Question–Answer), Move (Initiation, Response, Feedback), and Act (Questioning, Explaining, Agreeing, Refusing, Revising, Appraising). The findings show that the classroom interaction was mainly teacher-centered. The teacher dominated the talk through Initiation moves, mostly in the form of questions, explanations, and instructions, while students gave short and simple responses. Feedback was used less often and mostly as short praise or confirmation. The teacher also used various non-verbal behaviors such as gestures, eye contact, movement, and changes in voice tone to direct attention and motivate students. The results suggest that combining verbal and non-verbal strategies can create a more interactive and engaging classroom atmosphere that supports student participation and understanding.

The coffee shop industry in Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth, leading to increasingly intense market competition, particularly among small and medium enterprises. Iro Rumah Kopi, an UMKM located in Lebak Bulus, is required to implement effective marketing communication strategies to strengthen its brand awareness. This study aims to analyze digital marketing communication practices conducted through social media platforms, especially Instagram and TikTok, which are widely used to reach young and urban audiences. A descriptive qualitative approach is applied to examine the content shared by the marketing team, focusing on messages, visual elements, storytelling techniques, and patterns of audience interaction. The results indicate that marketing communication plays a crucial role in shaping consumer perceptions and increasing brand visibility. Visual content combined with consistent storytelling and active engagement with followers successfully enhances audience interaction. The positioning of Iro Rumah Kopi as a “second home” emerges as a central message that fosters emotional connections with customers. Overall, the study concludes that consistent, creative, and relevant digital communication strategies significantly contribute to improving brand awareness and customer attachment.

The digitalization of the creative economy has opened up significant opportunities for the community to create innovative products that have high sales value and are environmentally friendly. One interesting innovation is the use of used cooking oil as a raw material for making aromatherapy candles. Used cooking oil, which is usually discarded and pollutes the environment, can be reprocessed into products with economic value, thus supporting the principles of a circular economy. This study aims to examine the potential of processing used cooking oil into aromatherapy candles, analyze digital-based marketing strategies to increase product competitiveness in the market, and examine the meaning of transforming waste into innovative products from the perspective of Immanuel Kant's philosophy of reality. The research methods used were literature studies and field observations of used cooking oil processing practices by the community. The results show that used cooking oil-based aromatherapy candles have good business prospects, especially when combined with digital promotion through social media and marketplaces. Digitalization helps expand marketing reach, create brand identity, and attract consumers who care about environmental sustainability. From the perspective of Immanuel Kant's philosophy of reality, the transformation of used cooking oil into aromatherapy candles can be understood as a phenomenon, namely a reality that is visible in the practice of the digital creative economy. Meanwhile, the values ​​of sustainability, ethical awareness, and social meaning contained therein reflect noumena, namely the deepest reality that is not directly visible but provides direction and meaning for human actions.

The development of national character is a strategic agenda in addressing moral, social, and cultural challenges in the era of globalization. Strengthening fundamental values derived from Islamic teachings is considered an important solution, particularly the values of obedience to Allah SWT, the spirit of competing in goodness (fastabiqul khairat), and work ethic. These three values play a crucial role in shaping individuals who are faithful, possess noble character, are responsible, and have high competitiveness. However, the reinforcement of these values in the practice of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at the elementary, junior high, and senior high school levels has not yet been optimally and systematically integrated. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the concepts, urgency, and strategies for integrating the values of obedience, competition in goodness, and work ethic into PAI learning. The research method employed is a literature study using a qualitative-descriptive approach through the analysis of scientific literature, curriculum documents, and relevant concepts of Islamic education. The findings indicate that the value of obedience serves as a spiritual and moral foundation for students, the value of fastabiqul khairat encourages active, collaborative attitudes oriented toward positive contributions, while work ethic strengthens discipline, responsibility, and productivity. The integration of these three values can be implemented through the development of teaching materials, the application of contextual learning methods, educators’ role modeling, and the cultivation of a religious school culture. The implications of this study affirm that integrating these values into PAI significantly contributes to the formation of a young generation with integrity and readiness to build a dignified nation.

This community service activity aims to empower the community to have legal awareness as a preventive strategy in preventing specific crimes, both those that occur directly or through digital media. The phenomenon of violence or vigilantism, which is increasingly widespread in society, reflects a low understanding of the law, the dominance of social emotions, and distrust of formal law enforcement mechanisms. In the digital era, this behavior has also developed into online violence, such as the spread of shame, insults, and threats through social media, which has the potential to give rise to cybercrimes as regulated in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. This activity was carried out through the Legal Awareness Family Socialization (Kadarkum) program in Baru Ulu Village, Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan, using legal counseling methods, participatory discussions, and educational approaches based on local social and cultural values. The targets of the activity were the general public, community leaders, and families as the smallest social unit in the formation of a legal culture. The results of the activity showed an increase in public understanding regarding the legal consequences of vigilantism, both in physical and digital contexts. Furthermore, the public is beginning to show a shift in attitudes toward more rational, legal-oriented problem-solving, and increased self-control in responding to social conflict. These activities contribute to building a legal culture that is more aware, preventative, and adaptive to legal challenges in the digital era.

This research is motivated by attention to the phenomenon of verbal violence which is increasingly common and often occurs without realizing it or is not guaranteed now. The emergence of verbal violence is very detrimental, both from the virtual world or social media and the real world by intimidating people by using harsh words. This research aims to analyze and identify Abuse Verbal Actions from a Hadith Perspective. Making fun of, criticizing, or ridiculing, giving bad titles, looking for other people's faults, and backbiting each other are abusive verbal behaviors, these actions have serious impacts such as disrupting self-confidence, mental disorders,increasing the risk of suicide, creating hostility and revenge, stress, eating and living disorders, and emotional instability. Hence, it is crucial for us to be mindful of our words, express love, and consistenly engage in constructive actions, both in the digital realm and the physical world. This imvolcus practicing prayer, cultivating patience, appreciating prayer, cultivating patience, appreaciating the diversity in human character, and maintaining a constant awareness of Allah SAW. This research uses library research with a qualitative descriptive approach so that conclusions can be drawn more comprehensively and integratively.

Food safety is a crucial aspect of public health, particularly for elementary school children who frequently consume street food or snacks sold within school environments. Food handlers play a key role in determining the level of hygiene and sanitation of the food served. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with food handlers’ hygiene behavior in elementary school canteens in Telanaipura District, Jambi City. This research employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach involving 41 food handlers as respondents. Data were collected through structured interviews using questionnaires and direct observations based on hygiene and food sanitation standards in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 1096/Menkes/PER/VI/2011. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test at a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that most food handlers exhibited poor hygiene behavior (61.0%). There were significant relationships between knowledge (p = 0.048), attitude (p = 0.000), and availability of facilities and infrastructure (p = 0.000) with hygiene behavior, while education level showed no significant association (p = 0.187). It can be concluded that improving hygiene behavior requires continuous training, supervision, and provision of adequate sanitation facilities to support food safety in school environments.

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) represent a global public health challenge. The increasing number of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) cases is a serious concern worldwide. A lack of education or minimal knowledge, along with risky behavior, contributes significantly to the high STI rates, particularly among the young age group. Purposes: The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the major types of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)—namely Gonorrhea, Hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, Syphilis, and HPV—by identifying their risk factors and determining the most effective prevention strategies. Method:The researchers employed a literature review method. The data search process was conducted systematically on Google Scholar, limiting sources only to articles available in full text and having open access. Results: The literature review concludes that the factors of knowledge, attitude, behavior, and age significantly influence an individual's risk of contracting Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Therefore, prevention efforts must be carried out comprehensively, encompassing promotive (awareness enhancement), preventive (prevention), curative (treatment), and rehabilitative (recovery) activities. Practically, this prevention must include sexual health education, adoption of safe sexual behavior, implementation of routine health checks (screening), and vaccination (specifically for Hepatitis B and HPV). Conclusion: Overall, controlling the spread of STIs requires active and collaborative roles from all parties—including the government, health workers, and the community. The main key to suppressing the spread and burden of STI diseases in the community is through improving appropriate sexual health education, improving access to health services, and periodic health screening.  

The nutritional status of toddlers is an important indicator that reflects the level of public health in a region. This study aims to analyze the nutritional status of children aged 0–5 years in Teupin Desa Teupin Gapeuh Kecamatan Tanah Pasir Kabupaten Aceh Utara. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method using secondary data obtained from health records and posyandu (integrated health post) reports. The study involved a total of 60 children under five, consisting of 33 boys and 27 girls. The findings revealed that based on the weight-for-age (W/A) index, 81.7% of children had normal nutritional status, 13.3% were undernourished, and 3.3% were severely undernourished. Based on height-for-age (H/A), 90.0% were normal, 5.0% were short, and 3.3% were very short. According to the weight-for-height (W/H) index, 83.3% were normal, 11.7% were undernourished, and 5.0% were at risk of overweight. Furthermore, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 8.3%, 11.7%, and 16.7% respectively. These results indicate that although most children have normal nutritional status, some still experience nutritional deficiencies that require special attention. Therefore, health workers and local governments need to strengthen nutrition education programs, increase community awareness of balanced nutrition, and improve monitoring of child growth to prevent malnutrition in the area

This research aims to analyze the adaptive role of a dance teacher in teaching the subject of music art at SMK Asta Mitra Purwodadi, as well as identifying the patterns of collaborative approaches and the implementation of the Deep Learning strategy in the learning process. This phenomenon attracts researchers due to the case of a teacher teaching cross-disciplinary subjects, although still within the domain of the arts. This study employs a qualitative method using observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation techniques. The main subject of this research is Bu Evi, a dance teacher who also serves as the music art instructor. The research results indicate that the non-specialist teacher (with a dance background) successfully overcomes limitations in teaching music by performing a role transformation into a facilitator focusing on expression, rhythm, and performance. The implementation of Deep Learning is realized effectively through a kinesthetic approach, where abstract music concepts (such as tempo and dynamics) are translated through body movement exploration, which is proven to increase student enthusiasm and understanding. Furthermore, the teacher implements a strategic collaborative pattern with the music extracurricular teacher, where responsibilities are divided between aspects of expression/movement and the deepening of theory/vocal technique, ensuring talented students still receive adequate technical development. Assessment focuses on performative aspects (expression, tempo, teamwork, and self-confidence). This research concludes that the teacher's professionalism and pedagogical creativity are the main keys to bridging competency gaps, while simultaneously ensuring the achievement of the goals of the Merdeka Curriculum in shaping student character and 21st-century skills.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced the formation of contracts in civil law, particularly through the automation of clause drafting, risk analysis, and the standardization of contractual documents. The use of AI in contract drafting raises complex legal issues, especially concerning the validity of agreements and the attribution of legal liability in the event of default. This study aims to analyze the validity of contracts created through Artificial Intelligence from the perspective of Indonesian civil law and to examine models of legal liability in AI-based contracts. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches, examining the provisions of the Indonesian Civil Code, particularly Article 1320, as well as legal doctrines and scholarly perspectives on digital contracts and AI. The findings indicate that AI-based contracts are, in principle, legally valid as long as they fulfill the requirements of a valid agreement, namely the consent of the parties, legal capacity, a specific object, and a lawful cause. Artificial Intelligence cannot be positioned as a legal subject because it lacks intent, consciousness, and the capacity to bear rights and obligations, and therefore functions solely as a technological tool. Consequently, legal intent and liability remain attached to the human or legal entity that uses, controls, or benefits from AI. This study also emphasizes that the primary challenge of AI-based contracts lies in the absence of specific legal regulations governing the allocation of liability among AI users, system providers, and developers, particularly when default occurs due to algorithmic errors or system failures. Therefore, clearer, adaptive, and comprehensive regulations are required to ensure legal certainty, protect the parties involved, and maintain a balance between technological innovation and the principles of justice in AI-based contractual practices in Indonesia.

Introduction: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a serious disease transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito and is still a public health problem. The high incidence of dengue fever is often caused by a lack of knowledge, attitudes, and actions of the community in carrying out appropriate prevention efforts. The goal is to identify the picture of community behavior in dengue prevention, including aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and actions. Method: was a quantitative descriptive with 100 respondents selected by random sampling in East Sidomulyo Village, Marpoyan Damai. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed univariately. Results: The variables of community behavior were obtained in the knowledge of most of the people who were low as many as 52 respondents (52%), most of the people's attitudes were obtained negative attitudes as many as 77 respondents (77%), the actions of the community mostly had less actions with the number of 59 respondents (59%), and the behavior of the community was relatively low. Conclusions and Suggestions: This study shows that the majority of the people of East Sidomulyo Village have lacking knowledge, attitudes, and actions in the prevention of dengue. Low preventive behavior is caused by a lack of knowledge and concern. Intensive, community based education is needed to raise awareness and preventive measures in an ongoing manner.

The work of health workers is a key factor in ensuring the quality and sustainability of primary health services. However, high work demands and limited resources have the potential to weaken work involvement if they are not balanced with a perception of work meaning and adequate psychological capacity. This study aims to analyze the effect of job meaningfulness on work engagement of health workers through psychological capital as a mediating variable at the Mokoau Health Center, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. All health workers at the Mokoau Health Center as many as 70 people were used as research samples using the total sampling method. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS version 4.0. The results of the analysis showed that job meaningfulness had a positive and significant effect on psychological capital (β = 0.698; p < 0.05). Psychological capital was also shown to have a positive and significant effect on work engagement (β = 0.691; p < 0.05). Furthermore, job meaningfulness had a significant indirect effect on work engagement through psychological capital (β = 0.482; p < 0.05), which shows the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship. Job meaningfulness not only contributes directly to strengthening psychological capital, but also indirectly increases work engagement of health workers. Psychological capital plays a role as the main psychological mechanism that translates the meaning of work into higher work attachment. These findings affirm the importance of a human resource management strategy that focuses on strengthening the meaning of work and psychological capital to increase the work involvement of health workers in primary health care facilities.

This study examines the utilization of social media in improving the competitiveness of cassava chips and lidah manis SMEs in Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. The rapid development of information technology has encouraged SMEs to shift from conventional marketing methods to more effective and efficient digital marketing practices. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving SME actors. The results indicate that the use of social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram is able to expand market reach, increase product visibility, and strengthen relationships between business owners and consumers. Attractive promotional content, consistency in posting, and responsive communication are proven to influence consumer buying interest and trust. However, SMEs still face challenges, including limited digital literacy, time management constraints, and the lack of structured marketing strategies. Therefore, continuous training and assistance are needed so that SMEs can optimize the use of social media more effectively. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the development of digital-based SMEs in rural areas.

This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study design to explore the psychological impacts of traffic accidents on victims. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observation, then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the main trauma-related symptoms include intense negative thoughts or emotions, such as sudden fear, nausea, and mood changes characterized by increased sadness and irritability. Additionally, sleep disturbances were observed, including vivid nightmares, flashbacks when attempting to sleep, and physical reactions such as heart palpitations. Avoidance behaviors were also noted, such as avoiding the accident location, rarely leaving the house, and avoiding conversations related to the accident. Traffic accidents are sudden, unexpected events that can cause not only physical injuries but also profound psychological impacts, including fear, excessive anxiety, nightmares, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If left untreated, these psychological disorders may interfere with daily functioning and significantly reduce the quality of life of the victims, making early intervention crucial for recovery.

Introduction: Triglycerides are a lipids fractions that play an important role in energy metabolism, but high levels in the blood are strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia tends to increase, including in urban area such us West Jakarta which have high risk consumption patterns. This community service activity aimed to raise public awareness about the importance  lipid profile management with screen triglyceride levels in community of Kelurahan Kota Bambu. Method: The activity was conducted in June 2025, involving 168 adult participants. The method was used was health education on the role of triglycerides and their risk,, followed by laboratory testing using the Nesco BL-101 5in1 Lipid Panel Monitoring System. Triglyceride level was classified into normal, borderline, high, and very high categories according to the NCEP ATP III guidelines. Results: The average triglyceride level of the participants was 181.21 mg/dL, with a range of 47–830 mg/dL. The triglyceride levels of the majority of participants were in the normal category, but the proportion with high and very high triglyceride levels was significant, indicating the existence of a risk group that needs attention. Conclusion: This activity confirms that simple triglyceride testing at the community level can be an effective step in early detection, education, and prevention

This sociolinguistic study examines patterns of regional language interference in formal Indonesian usage across bilingual areas of Indonesia. Through a mixed-methods approach, this research analyzes oral and written data from 240 participants across three strategic bilingual regions: Javanese-Indonesian, Sundanese-Indonesian, and Batak-Indonesian. Data were collected through structured interviews, ethnographic observations, and corpus analysis of formal documents. Quantitative analysis employed linguistic corpus software to identify frequency patterns and interference distribution, while qualitative analysis applied ethnography of communication approaches to understand social contexts and functions of interference in communicative interactions. Findings reveal systematic interference typologies that vary according to linguistic domains. Phonological interference demonstrates the highest resistance to formal register constraints (78% consistency), with Batak-Indonesian speakers showing the highest interference rates (85%), followed by Javanese-Indonesian (74%), and Sundanese-Indonesian (71%). Lexical interference occurs in 65% of samples with significant variation based on communication domains, where Sundanese-Indonesian shows the highest rates (72%). Morphological interference is found in 52% of cases, particularly in affixation and reduplication systems. Syntactic interference shows the highest sensitivity to situational formality, decreasing from 45% in semi-formal communication to 28% in strict formal contexts. Research implications indicate the need for reorienting language policy from corrective approaches toward recognizing interference productivity. Language policies should develop flexible standards that accommodate regional variations and promote positive attitudes toward multilingualism. In educational contexts, integration of contrastive approaches in Indonesian language learning is required, along with development of instructional materials sensitive to students' linguistic backgrounds, and teacher training on managing productive versus corrective interference.This research contributes to Indonesian sociolinguistics through providing comprehensive empirical databases, developing innovative theoretical frameworks, and replicable methodologies for language contact analysis. Findings confirm that regional language interference in formal Indonesian constitutes a productive phenomenon reflecting Indonesia's multilingual vitality. Approaches that recognize productive aspects of interference while optimizing formal communication effectiveness become key to developing language strategies responsive to contemporary multilingual Indonesian realities.

This study aims to analyze in depth the moral values ​​contained in Surah Luqman verses 14–15 based on M. Quraish Shihab's Tafsir Al-Mishbah and their relevance in shaping the character of adolescents in the modern era. The research method used is library research with the tafsir munasabah approach, namely examining the relationship between the meanings of verses contextually and thematically. The main data source comes from Tafsir Al-Mishbah, supported by relevant tafsir literature and character education studies. The results of the study show that in Tafsir Al-Mishbah, Surah Luqman verses 14–15 contain six main moral values, namely birrul wâlidayn (devotion to parents), an attitude of gratitude to Allah and both parents, proportional obedience and not violating the principle of monotheism, gentleness and ethics in responding to differences, orientation to the afterlife, and exemplary behavior. These values ​​have strong relevance to efforts to shape the character of adolescents, especially in facing moral challenges in the digital era. The implementation of this teaching is considered strategic as a fundamental solution to overcome various youth problems, such as cyberbullying, ethical crises, and moral decadence, by instilling religious attitudes, empathy, and social responsibility.

People's lifestyles utilizing social media have significantly enabled commercial brands to enhance promotion activities, often through the use of Influencers, which clearly present information regarding product quality and attract consumers to make purchasing decisions. This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of Influencers and product quality on purchasing decisions specifically at the Repeat Hungry culinary business in Bekasi. This research adopted a quantitative approach and was conducted at Comby Food Corner Repeat Hungry. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 Repeat Hungry customers using purposive sampling. The questionnaire results were measured using a Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression with SPSS software. The findings of the Partial Test and Simultaneous Test indicate that both the Influencer variable and the product quality variable, either partially or simultaneously, possess a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The research demonstrates that the positive influence of Influencers and high product quality, when executed concurrently and effectively, will lead to increased sales for the business. However, the study's scope was limited to promotion solely through the Instagram social media platform and involved samples only within the Bekasi area.