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Energy efficiency is a critical concern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to the limited power resources available in sensor nodes. Prolonging network lifespan while ensuring reliable data transmission is essential for successful deployment in various applications, such as environmental monitoring, military operations, and industrial automation. This paper presents a mathematical model designed to optimize energy consumption across various nodes in WSNs. By implementing simulations and analyzing data from these models, the study demonstrates significant improvements in extending network lifespan while maintaining reliable data throughput. The findings contribute valuable insights into energy management for large-scale sensor deployments.

This study explores the integration of hybrid AI control models, combining reinforcement learning (RL) and robust adaptive control, to improve the adaptability, performance, and stability of autonomous manufacturing systems. Traditional control systems, while effective under stable conditions, often struggle to cope with disturbances and varying production demands. Hybrid AI models, which integrate classical control methods such as Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) with machine learning techniques like RL, deep Q-networks (DQN), and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), enhance decision-making capabilities in dynamic production environments. The study develops a hybrid RL robust control framework and tests it in both simulation and real-world scenarios. Performance metrics, including production efficiency, system stability, and adaptability, are assessed under various disturbance conditions, such as machine failures and fluctuating demands. The hybrid model significantly outperforms traditional PID control in terms of efficiency and stability, demonstrating faster convergence and better adaptability in dynamic environments. Statistical analysis confirms the superiority of the hybrid system over standalone RL models and traditional PID control. This model’s scalability and adaptability make it a promising solution for Industry 4.0 applications, addressing key challenges in real-world manufacturing systems by ensuring computational efficiency and the ability to manage large-scale data. The findings contribute to the development of more robust and efficient control strategies for autonomous manufacturing systems in uncertain environments.

Public health is a fundamental pillar of regional development as it directly affects the quality of life, productivity, and social welfare of the community. At the local level, the village head (lurah) plays a strategic role in encouraging community participation and coordinating public health programs. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to analyze the role of the village head in improving public health through a public administration approach in Bumi Ayu Subdistrict, Dumai City. The methods applied in this program include counseling, training, simulation, and free health screening services using an educational approach. The activity was conducted on July 20, 2024, at STIA Lancang Kuning Campus and involved more than 100 participants from various community groups. The results indicate an increased public awareness of the importance of regular health check-ups and early detection of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, and uric acid disorders. In addition, the program strengthened the roles of the village heads, Posyandu cadres, and PKK members in supporting community health services. The discussion reveals that the success of public health programs at the subdistrict level is strongly influenced by participatory, collaborative, and responsive local leadership. This PKM activity is expected to serve as a model for strengthening the role of local government in promoting sustainable community health development.

Monitoring the growth and development of a child can begin from conception and will continue until adulthood, this process is mutually continuous and continuous. The development of language skills, creativity, emotional awareness, and intelligence is an important phase in a child's growth and development and is the cornerstone of subsequent development. This study aims to evaluate the ability of early childhood to improve gross motor and fine motor development skills through sensory play activities. The method of delivering information using the media of story books (fairy tales), sensory game tools that previously the children were given directions one example of simulation, then the children were directed to do independently. the results of normative identification of children's growth and development, it can be seen that from the value (5-1) range always to never, overall participants play with the highest frequency in the range is always on the cognitive and social interaction, the second position in fine & gross motor skills, and third in terms of language development and problem solving skills. The highest score level after the game, cognitive development is very significant children are very enthusiastic to follow the game conducted in groups. This activity will be better if done on an ongoing basis because it is very beneficial for early childhood development.

Integrating deep learning methodologies is pivotal in shaping the continuous evolution of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) systems. This review explores the integration of deep learning in CAD and CAE, particularly focusing on generative models for simulating 3D vehicle wheels. It highlights the challenges of traditional CAD/CAE, such as manual design and simulation limitations, and proposes deep learning, especially generative models, as a solution. The study aims to automate and enhance 3D vehicle wheel design, improve CAE simulations, predict mechanical characteristics, and optimize performance metrics. It employs deep learning architectures like variational autoencoders (VAEs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and generative adversarial networks (GANs) to learn from diverse 3D wheel designs and generate optimized solutions. The anticipated outcomes include more efficient design processes, improved simulation accuracy, and adaptable design solutions, facilitating the integration of deep learning models into existing CAD/CAE systems. This integration is expected to transform design and engineering practices by offering insights into the potential of these technologies.

This paper introduces a hybrid optimization approach that combines genetic algorithms with gradient descent for effective nonlinear function approximation in highdimensional data. Traditional methods struggle with computational efficiency and accuracy in such complex spaces. By integrating genetic algorithms to provide a global search strategy with gradient descent for finetuning, the proposed method achieves faster convergence and improved accuracy. Simulations and case studies demonstrate its effectiveness in applications like data mining, image recognition, and financial modeling.

This study explores the application of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) in modeling population dynamics. By introducing randomness into differential equations, we capture the inherent uncertainties in environmental and genetic factors affecting population growth. We derive analytical solutions for specific cases and provide numerical simulations to demonstrate how SDEs enhance predictions in ecological modeling. Our findings suggest that stochastic models provide a more robust framework for understanding population fluctuations in uncertain environments.

Disaster management is a series of activities carried out in the context of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response and recovery efforts related to disasters. Disaster management is carried out with the aim of reducing losses and risks that may occur and speeding up the post-disaster recovery process. The implementation of disaster management is very necessary for the people of Cibenda Village because the village is located in a disaster-prone area. The target of this activity is the people of Cibenda Village and its surroundings. The methods used are interactive lectures, discussions and simulations as appropriate methods to provide understanding to the public. Meanwhile, location surveys are carried out to find out evacuation routes that can be used by the community when a disaster occurs. The output of this community service activity is a module for socializing the application of disaster management, scientific articles, as well as planning evacuation routes and handing over disaster evacuation tools.    

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that cancer is the biggest cause of death in the world. The highest incidence of cancer and the most common cause of death is breast cancer. In 2020, global data shows that 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, with 685,000 deaths. One of the causes of breast cancer is delay in early detection. The aim of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge and skills of Setia Dharma Palembang High School female students in carrying out BSE as an effort to detect breast cancer early. The methods used are lectures, demonstrations and simulations as well as educational videos. The results of the activity showed an average pretest score of 52.3 and an average posttest score of 76.4. These results indicate an increase in the knowledge of counseling participants after being given education about BSE. For the results of the female students' ability to do BSE based on the observation sheet, the results obtained were that of the 53 female students, 71.7% were able to do BSE correctly and 28.3% were unable to do BSE correctly. It is hoped that all related parties will work together well in efforts to reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

Air pollution is not an unfamiliar phenomenon for areas surrounding industries. The Cikoneng area has a wok industry center where the production process produces air pollution fumes. The wok industry center is adjacent to residential houses so that the factory smoke produced has an impact on the health of the surrounding community. Therefore, the targets of counseling are community leaders, health cadres, youth organizations, and residents who live around the industrial area. The purpose of this empowerment activity is to increase community knowledge, awareness, and creativity towards planting Sansevieria plants with the kokedama technique to maintain environmental health around the wok industry. The material was given using the lecture method with the help of power point media and leaflets. While the practice of planting Sansevieria with kokedama technique uses lecture and simulation methods. The Wilcoxon test was used to measure the level of knowledge of participants from the pre-test and post-test results which could show a difference in results before and after providing material with asymp. Sig (2-tailed) of 0.002, it can be concluded that there is an increase in knowledge in participants who take part in counseling activities. It is hoped that the people of Jetak Hamlet can minimize air pollution generated from the wok industry process by planting Sansevieria plants.

Disasters contain three basic aspects, namely: the occurrence of a threatening and destructive event or disturbance, the event or disturbance threatens the life, livelihood, and function of the community, and the threat results in victims and exceeds the community's ability to cope with their resources. Community Service Activities (PKM) Socialization of Disaster Preparedness and Simulation of Basic Life Support (BHD) in the Community in Ngkeran Village, Lawe Alas District, Southeast Aceh, was held on February 7-8 2024 with a total of 45 participants. socialization was provided by the community service team regarding checking response and emergency medical services, checking pulse, carrying out early CPR, and early defibrillation with AED. The extension participants seemed enthusiastic about the materials presented by the resource persons and were able to be actively involved, so this extension activity took place in a two-way system and many participants asked questions. The presentation of the extension material was followed by discussion, ice-breaking, and distribution of door prizes to participants who were active during the discussion activities.

This research aims to increase student engagement in entrepreneurial activities, with a focus on marketing and product sales strategies. The results showed that students’ interest in entrepreneurship is high, and marketing and sales skills are the main reference in implementing their business ideas. Thus, this study developed and tested practical training strategies, including product sales simulations, group work, and mentoring by business practitioners on campus. The implementation of these strategies significantly improved students’ marketing and sales skills. The results of this entrepreneurial practice provided students with valuable insights into the key success factors in entrepreneurship. The findings contribute to the practical and academic understanding of efforts to increase student engagement in entrepreneurship, particularly through the development of product marketing and sales skills, with implications that can help individual students when they want to be entrepreneurial.

Vocational education in the senior level, namlely Vocational High School (SMK), is designed to prepare graduates with high skills who are ready to compete in the work zone, both with competence and through entrepreneurship in order to face the demographic bonus. SMK Negeri 1 Bangkinang as a partner of the Politeknik Kampar has a major in the Mechanical Engineering. Generally, the major of Mechanical Engineering will be prepared in with competencies of Computer Aided Design (CAD). However, there are limitations to apply Solid Works software, which is currently in great demand in the industry. Therefore, the The major of Maintenance and Repair Engineering Politeknik Kampar participates in improving the competency of students at SMK Negeri 1 Bangkinang Kota through CAD Static Simulation Training activities using Solidworks Software. The training activity material contains an introduction to Solidworks, static simulation theory, namely stress, strain and deformation. At the end of the training activity session, an increase in partner competency was obtained regarding the use of Solid Works software in image creation and static simulation. Evaluation of activities through partner satisfaction questionnaires also found that partners were 100% satisfied with the PkM activities carried out.

Fractal structures play a crucial role in improving material properties due to their unique self-similar geometries. These geometrical patterns exhibit repetition at multiple scales, which can enhance surface area, strength, and other mechanical characteristics. This study investigates the influence of fractal patterns on the crystal growth and mechanical performance of metallic materials, focusing on strength, toughness, and hardness. Using a combination of computer simulations and laboratory experiments, the research models metal crystal formation under controlled conditions, where fractal characteristics are introduced through diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) and electrodeposition methods. The findings reveal that embedding fractal patterns into the crystal growth process can increase material strength by approximately 20% compared to conventionally structured metals. This improvement is attributed to the efficient stress distribution within the fractal geometry, which minimizes stress concentration points and enhances resistance to fracture. Additionally, materials with fractal-based microstructures exhibit better toughness and deformation resistance, improving durability under mechanical load. The study also examines the underlying mechanisms of these effects, emphasizing the role of fractal-induced microstructural control in optimizing material integrity. These results demonstrate the significant potential of fractal-based material design in engineering stronger, lighter, and more flexible metallic components. The research contributes to the broader understanding of how geometric complexity can be harnessed to develop advanced materials for applications in construction, automotive manufacturing, and flexible electronics, thereby supporting the development of next-generation high-performance materials.

The learning of physics, particularly mechanics, poses significant challenges for high school students. Concepts such as Newton’s laws, energy, and three-dimensional vectors are often difficult to grasp using traditional teaching methods. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising solution by providing an immersive and interactive learning environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR-based learning media in enhancing students’ understanding of physics concepts, with a specific focus on mechanics. An experimental design was employed, consisting of two groups: an experimental group using VR for learning and a control group receiving traditional instruction. Pre-test and post-test assessments were used to measure the improvement in students' conceptual understanding of physics. The findings indicate that students in the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in their understanding of complex physics concepts, such as projectile motion, force, and Newton’s laws, compared to the control group. Students in the experimental group also exhibited higher levels of engagement and motivation, with VR's immersive nature encouraging active participation in learning. The study concludes that VR is an effective tool for enhancing students’ comprehension of abstract and complex physics concepts, improving their visualization and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, VR-based learning provides students with opportunities to conduct virtual experiments and simulations that may not be possible in traditional classroom settings. The implications of this study suggest that VR should be integrated into the physics curriculum to improve learning outcomes, especially in schools with access to the necessary technology. Educators and curriculum developers are encouraged to explore VR’s potential in fostering a more engaging and effective physics education.

This research aims to find out: This research aims to find out: analyze the readiness of PKP-PK unit officers in efforts to improve aviation safety by National and International Regulations. This is because, when an accident occurs in the waterside area, the PKP-PK unit must be ready and alert to handle the condition. The PKP-PK unit's lack of alertness can pose a danger to the aircraft if an aircraft is about to land. In carrying out their duties, PKP-PK personnel have their respective roles according to the personnel's abilities and licenses. The license held by a personnel is of course a benchmark for the performance of the personnel in carrying out their duties, so that the performance of each PKP-PK unit is not completely the same or equivalent.This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, documents, and documentation along with observations. The researcher directly carried out observations, the researcher also explained the results of the data taken during interviews and observations. For the researcher's interview with the resource persons, namely PKP-PK officers consisting of the Head Unit, Supervisor, Senior PKP-PK, and Junior PKP-PK at mogul Wulung Airport, Cilacap, and also in the form of implementation documents for the data analysis techniques used, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, discussion, and conclusions. The readiness of PKP-PK officers at mogul Wulung Cilacap Airport is a key factor in handling plane accidents effectively. Factors such as knowledge, skills, equipment, training, and external factors such as weather can influence officer readiness. To increase readiness, there needs to be ongoing efforts to improve training, maintain equipment, and conduct simulations regularly. Good readiness of PKP-PK officers will help minimize risks in emergencies and protect the lives of passengers and aircraft crew. Handling aircraft accidents by PKP-PK officers at Nggul Wulung Airport, Cilacap is a very important task to ensure the safety of passengers and aircraft crew. The obstacles faced by PKP-PK officers can hamper the effectiveness of the actions of PKP-PK officers at Nggul Wulung Airport, Cilacap. Therefore, it is necessary to implement several solutions to increase the effectiveness of handling aircraft accidents and minimize the associated risks. These solutions must be implemented with caution and take into account the specific situation in each location and country. Improved training, coordination, investment in equipment, resource planning, and risk evaluation are key steps in overcoming these obstacles and improving the ability of PKP-PK officers at mogul Wulung Airport, Cilacap in responding to aircraft accidents quickly and effectivel

Preschool aged children have a habit of paying less attention to hand washing behavior, especially in the play environment. The habit of washing hands with soap (CTPS) is still a global concern because people still forget to wash their hands. The focus of CTPS activities is early childhood because they are the ones who will be agents of change in the future. In this activity, hand washing education with soap will be provided to children in the form of counseling indoors and followed by simulations in the field based on the 7 steps for washing hands. Before carrying out the activity, they did not know how to wash their hands with soap properly and correctly. So this activity was considered 100% successful, this was because the children were able to practice washing their hands using soap properly and correctly. Implementation time is October 2023. The aim of this activity is to provide positive information to increase preschool age children's knowledge regarding clean living behavior, especially regarding hand washing, so that children are better able to maintain personal hygiene at school and avoid disease. Activities were carried out for pre-school children at SD IT Insan Qur'ani.

Driving in a straight line is one of the fundamental tasks for autonomous vehicles, but it can become complex and challenging, especially when dealing with high-speed highways and dense traffic conditions. This research aims to explore the Deep-Q Networking (DQN) model, which is one of the reinforcement learning (RL) methods, in a highway environment. DQN was chosen due to its proficiency in handling complex data through integrated neural network approximations, making it capable of addressing high-complexity environments. DQN simulations were conducted across four scenarios, allowing the agent to operate at speeds ranging from 60 to nearly 100 km/h. The simulations featured a variable number of vehicles/obstacles, ranging from 20 to 80, and each simulation had a duration of 40 seconds within the Highway-Env simulator. Based on the test results, the DQN method exhibited excellent performance, achieving the highest reward value in the first scenario, 35.6117 out of a maximum of 40, and a success rate of 90.075%.

This community service activity was carried out with the aim of making the kampung gedong community an independent and creative community group. Through waste management into valuable products. In addition, this activity is expected to provide knowledge for the community in managing waste, so that they have alternative income. More effective waste management can also open up new business opportunities for waste pickers, such as processing organic waste into compost fertiliser or managing plastic waste into paving blocks. This activity was carried out using the lecture method when providing the material. While during the simulation, the team conducted a direct sim.

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have an important position and function that, together with state-owned or private enterprises, carry out various businesses to achieve prosperity for the community. The function of MSMEs is to unite, direct, and develop the creative power and business power of the people, especially those with limited economic capacity so that they can participate in economic activities. Accounting information is used to assess management activities in managing assets entrusted to them (the stewardship function) and is also used as a decision-making tool by those who use it. MSMEs experience problems understanding the application of accounting in their business operations. The efforts they make are to improve the ability of their accounting personnel through training that is carried out incidentally both by related agencies and through activities carried out by universities. However, their efforts have not produced optimal results, coupled with a fairly high level of employee mutation, where employees who have been trained sometimes change workplaces. This problem is latent and occurs repeatedly, so it greatly disrupts the daily operations of MSMEs. To be able to achieve the objectives of the activity, the method used was in the form of assistance to 20 MSMEs. This assistance is carried out by providing a multimedia-based accounting simulation device to MSMEs and then explaining how to use it. This mentoring activity begins with a briefing on the use of the device. After that, monitoring the simulation device's utilization was carried out. The final activity carried out was an evaluation of the usefulness of the device in improving the ability of MSMEs to prepare financial reports.