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This study analyzes the water storage capacity and operational patterns of reservoirs in the Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut (SIER) to support efficient and sustainable water resource management. The research adopts a quantitative approach by collecting hydrological data, analyzing storage capacity, and simulating reservoir operations based on seasonal scenarios. The findings indicate that SIER's reservoirs have sufficient capacity to meet industrial water demands, although a supply deficit occurs for four months annually. Technical optimization efforts, such as sediment dredging, have proven to increase storage capacity by more than 200%. Practical recommendations for reservoir management include sedimentation normalization and planned operational strategies. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for other industrial zones in addressing water management challenges due to climate variability and increasing industrial demands.  

Swimming performance is strongly influenced by aerobic endurance, which enables athletes to maintain speed, technique efficiency, and physiological stability during prolonged activity. However, quantitative data regarding aerobic endurance levels among club-level swimmers in Indonesia remain limited. This study aimed to describe the aerobic endurance level of athletes from the Science Swimming Team. A descriptive research design was employed involving 11 swimmers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Cooper Swimming Test conducted over a 15-minute freestyle swimming session, and aerobic capacity was estimated through VO₂max values. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to classify aerobic endurance levels based on established normative categories by sex and age. The findings indicated that most athletes achieved good to very good performance in swimming distance; however, VO₂max classifications showed that aerobic capacity was predominantly in the moderate category, with only one female athlete reaching an excellent level. This disparity suggests that favorable distance performance does not necessarily reflect optimal aerobic capacity. The results imply the need for more targeted training programs focusing on improving VO₂max through structured aerobic and interval-based training. These findings provide practical input for coaches in designing data-driven and individualized training strategies to enhance aerobic endurance and competitive performance in swimming athletes.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the LAPORBUP application in improving public information services and identify obstacles to its implementation at the East Lombok Regency Communication and Informatics Office. LAPORBUP is a digital-based public service innovation that makes it easier for the public to convey complaints, aspirations, and suggestions quickly, transparently, and accountably. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data obtained are analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results show that the implementation of LAPORBUP is able to improve the quality of public information services through a more practical, open, and responsive reporting system. The public can monitor the progress of reports through a ticket system, while the government uses report data as a basis for policy evaluation. In addition, socialization through various media has also encouraged increased public understanding and use of the application. However, the implementation of LAPORBUP still faces several obstacles. Internal obstacles include limited human resources, minimal technical training, and limited operational budget. Meanwhile, external obstacles include low digital literacy among the public and a lack of awareness among some residents in utilizing the service. Thus, LAPORBUP has made a positive contribution to strengthening public information services in East Lombok Regency. Through increased human resource capacity, enhanced digital literacy, and adequate budget support, this application has the potential to become a model for technology-based public service innovation that can strengthen government-community relations and support transparent, accountable, and responsive governance

This study examines the urgency of institutional transparency in the Secretariat of the Bogor Regency Regional People's Representative Council  (DPRD) amid demands for good governance. The objective is to analyze the strategic role of the Public Relations, Protocol, and Publication Team of the Bogor Regency DPRD Secretariat in disseminating public information, with a focus on the use of the @setwankabbogor Instagram account as an instrument of transparency. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, this research applies qualitative content analysis and observation of Instagram accounts, supported by organizational documentation related to the main tasks of Public Relations. The communication practices found were analyzed based on the theoretical benchmarks of the Two-Way Symmetrical Model and Organizational-Public Dialogic Communication (OPDC). Preliminary research results show that although Public Relations has been effective in documenting protocol and routine administrative activities, content related to core legislative functions such as the budget (KUA/PPAS) and oversight tends to be less dominant than ceremonial posts. The communication model applied still leans toward the Public Information Model, rather than the optimal Two-Way Symmetrical Model. Analysis shows a deficit in dialogic elements, particularly in genuine responsiveness (mutuality) and proactivity in discussing complex public issues, which has the potential to hinder the development of public trust. Optimization requires a shift in strategy towards evidence-based content planning and a focus on proactive dialogue and responsiveness, supported by institutional commitment and increased human resource capacity.

This study aims to explore the potential of Ajung Village, Kalisat District, Jember Regency, through an analysis of the management planning of a Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) as an instrument of development and community empowerment. Although Ajung Village has significant economic potential, particularly in the agricultural sector, micro-enterprises, and other local economic activities, BUMDes management is still not optimal. This is evident in the lack of a directed business plan, weak coordination between administrators, and minimal evaluation of the business units being run. This study also assesses the role of the village government in supporting BUMDes development and the extent to which community participation can drive the effectiveness of existing programs. Using qualitative descriptive methods through interviews with the village government, BUMDes administrators, and the community, the results show that although community participation is relatively high, the managerial capacity of the administrators remains a major challenge. Lack of training, understanding of financial governance, and the lack of potential mapping have prevented the village BUMDes from functioning optimally as a driver of the village economy. Therefore, this study designs strategies to increase the effectiveness of BUMDes by strengthening the capacity of administrators, optimizing local potential, and synergizing the village government with the community.

Waste management remains one of the major challenges in urban areas, including Rungkut Menanggal Subdistrict, Surabaya. Although two active waste banks already exist, community participation and the optimization of social and material assets remain limited. This community empowerment program aims to optimize local potential through the strengthening of social and material assets based on waste bank activities using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach. This approach emphasizes the utilization of existing community strengths and resources to create sustainable social transformation. The program was carried out through five participatory stages: discover, dream, design, define, and destiny. The results show a significant improvement in the community’s capacity for household waste management. Residents were able to process approximately 100 kg of organic waste into compost and create creative products such as decorative bags made from plastic waste. Moreover, collaboration among local institutions such as Karang Taruna Arkidli, PKK, Posga Venus, Posga Bumi, and KSH increased, strengthening collective action in environmental management. This program demonstrates that the ABCD approach effectively enhances social capital, increases community participation, and generates both economic and environmental benefits. Waste bank management based on local asset empowerment can serve as a model for inclusive and adaptive community development in urban environmental contexts.

Christian religious education (Christian Religious Education) teaching still lacks the capacity to facilitate students' development of LOTS and HOTS. Therefore, students need to be actively involved in the learning process. Students are unable to complete difficult-level questions due to their low-level thinking skills, but they still tend to complete lower-level questions. This study aims to integrate low-level and high-level thinking skills into the Christian Religious Education (Christian Religious Education) learning process. Using qualitative research with a library approach, the results revealed students' ability to understand Christian Religious Education material through the integration of low-level (LOTS) and high-level (HOTS) thinking skills. The study concluded that LOTS and HOTS can be integrated into Christian Religious Education (Christian Religious Education) learning, enabling students to answer both easy and difficult questions when given by educators in classroom assessments and solve problems encountered in real life. Therefore, Christian religious education needs to focus on developing these two thinking skills in order to improve the overall quality of learning.

This study aims to: 1) identify and analyze the degree of fiscal decentralization and the level of financial independence of regencies and cities in North Sumatra Province during the period 2015–2024; and 2) analyze the variation in regional revenue realization based on its components, as well as the variation in regional financial capacity across regencies/cities during the same period. The methods used in this research include the Fiscal Decentralization Degree Ratio (DDF), the Regional Financial Independence Ratio (RKKD), and a Two-Way ANOVA test, supported by SPSS 20 software. The findings show that the degree of fiscal decentralization remains relatively low from year to year, indicating a strong dependence on central government transfers. Similarly, the regional financial independence ratio is also categorized as low, with an instructive pattern of relationship, meaning that regional governments still have limited ability to finance development needs independently. The Two-Way ANOVA test results reveal significant differences in regional revenue realization both across regencies/cities and across years within the study period. The largest variations are attributed to the differing characteristics of each regency/city, including economic potential, effectiveness in managing locally generated revenue, and variations in regional fiscal structures. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing fiscal capacity and optimizing local revenue sources throughout North Sumatra.

The main problem in empowering fish farming communities in Dawuhan Village, Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency is how to empower communities through the Peti Koin Bermantra Program in Dawuhan Village, Malang Regency, such as low managerial capacity, weather constraints, high feed prices, and limited market access, which have an impact on the suboptimal economic improvement of the community. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Peti Koin Bermantra Program in empowering fish farming communities to improve their economic welfare. The study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, as well as the community empowerment theory of Hashemi, Schuler, and Riley (1996). The results show that the Peti Koin Bermantra Program contributes positively to improving community welfare through eight empowerment indicators, such as increased mobility, small-scale purchasing power, ability to make larger purchases, involvement in major decisions, freedom, political and legal awareness, participation in public protests and political campaigns, economic security, and contribution to family support. The success of the program was supported by collaboration between facilitators, the East Java Provincial Marine and Fisheries Service, and the Malang Regency Fisheries Service, although there were still obstacles in terms of capital, group management, and product innovation. To support the sustainability of the program,

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the subsidized housing program for low-income communities in Pekanbaru City. The background of this research stems from the high demand for decent housing among low-income groups and the government’s challenge in ensuring equitable access to affordable housing. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative with a policy study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with officials from the Department of Public Housing and Settlement Areas, housing developers, banking institutions, and program beneficiaries. Field observations and documentation were also conducted to strengthen data validity. The results show that the implementation of the subsidized housing program in Pekanbaru City has been in line with national policies, yet its effectiveness remains suboptimal. This condition is influenced by insufficient policy dissemination, limited strategic land availability, inaccurate targeting of beneficiaries, and weak supervision mechanisms. On the other hand, supporting factors such as regulatory support, partnerships with the private sector, and accessible financing through subsidized home ownership loans have contributed to the program’s success. In conclusion, the effectiveness of program implementation can be improved through stronger inter-agency synergy, transparency of beneficiary data, and institutional capacity building so that the goal of equitable access to decent housing for low-income communities can be sustainably achieved.

Social media management has become a strategic necessity for social and community organizations to enhance the effectiveness of public relations activities in the digital era. This community service program aims to strengthen the digital communication capacity of members of the Indonesian Doctors’ Wives Association (IIDI), Surakarta Branch, particularly in managing social media as a public communication channel. The training was conducted offline and combined theoretical sessions, technical demonstrations, and hands-on practice covering content strategy, basic photography, Canva-based content creation, content calendar development, and management of Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok accounts. Evaluation was carried out using pre-test and post-test instruments to assess participants’ improvement. The results show a significant increase in all competency indicators, especially in content creation, content scheduling, and social media administration skills. Participants also produced their own digital content as part of the practical assessment. Post-training support was provided through a WhatsApp group to ensure continued knowledge sharing and skill development. Overall, the program demonstrates that practice-oriented training can effectively enhance the digital communication competencies of social organizations and strengthen their public relations functions. This initiative is expected to serve as a replicable model for similar organizations seeking to optimize their social media engagement.

Health communication and community empowerment are crucial for improving health outcomes at the primary health care level. As a primary health care facility, the Empat Ulu Community Health Center in Palembang plays a strategic role in disseminating health information, strengthening community capacity, and promoting healthy lifestyles through various educational activities. The Field Learning Practice (PBL) activity, conducted by students within the community health center's work area, aimed to strengthen the implementation of health communication, particularly in promoting Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) in elementary schools. The methods used included field observation, discussions, face-to-face counseling, handwashing demonstrations, and the distribution of educational media. The results showed an increase in students' understanding of PHBS, demonstrated by their ability to answer questions, practice handwashing correctly, and their enthusiasm during interactive sessions. This activity not only strengthened students' knowledge but also demonstrated that a two-way communication approach and the use of simple visual media can enhance the effectiveness of health education. Overall, this PBL activity contributed to supporting the community health promotion program and strengthened the role of students in encouraging community self-reliance in maintaining health.

This community service activity aims to improve the soft skills capacity of the Ibu-Ibu Mekar community in Semarang City to face the demands of the Society 5.0 era. The program was implemented through four stages: needs assessment, participatory planning, training, and mentoring. The methods used included interactive lectures, group discussions, role-play, and contextual practice. The results of the activity showed significant improvements in participants' communication, creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. In addition, several participants began to demonstrate informal leadership roles and greater involvement in community activities. These findings indicate that the experience-based participatory mentoring approach is effective in strengthening women's empowerment and preparing communities for socio-technological change. The program also helped participants develop adaptability to change, increased self-confidence, and facilitated the formation of broader social networks in their communities. Empowering women through soft skills development is expected to create a more resilient community in facing the challenges posed by digital transformation in the Society 5.0 era. This program emphasizes the importance of sustainable soft skills development as a foundation for community resilience in the Society 5.0 era.

This study analyzes the role of the Golkar Party of Serang City in the formulation and oversight of Regional Regulation Number 11 of 2019 on the Implementation of Tourism Business Governance using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework. The study aims to examine how political party institutions perform their functions in local legislative processes, particularly in terms of public representation, interest articulation, and policy oversight. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews with party actors and members of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD), as well as document analysis of relevant policy materials. The findings reveal that Golkar’s role in the formulation and supervision of the regulation was predominantly carried out by its legislative faction through informal mechanisms, while the party’s organizational structure played a limited institutional role. The process of absorbing public aspirations was relatively constrained and tended to favor groups with close social and political ties, indicating that the party has not fully exercised its functions of public articulation and accountability. From the perspective of the IAD framework, this condition reflects weaknesses in internal rules, actor capacity, and interaction mechanisms within the party as a political institution in the policy arena. Therefore, strengthening Golkar’s institutional capacity is essential to enable a more substantive, responsive, and inclusive role in local legislative and policy oversight processes

This study examines governance theory as a transformative paradigm in local government management, with a particular focus on the maritime sector in Bintan Regency. Governance represents a shift from a hierarchical government model to a more collaborative, participatory, and network-based model involving various stakeholders, including government institutions, local communities, and the private sector. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study utilizes secondary data sources, including local government reports, academic publications, and related policy documents. The findings show that Bintan Regency has begun to implement governance principles through multisectoral cooperation, community empowerment, and sustainable marine programs. However, the implementation of governance in maritime management in Bintan still faces challenges, such as weak institutional capacity, overlapping authority, and limited human resources. This study concludes that the governance paradigm provides a strategic foundation for building a participatory, transparent, and sustainable framework for maritime management at the local level. Therefore, it is essential to continue addressing these challenges to ensure that governance can be more effective in improving the management of maritime resources in Bintan.

Compliance with local tax and retribution payments plays a crucial role in increasing Regional Own-Source Revenue (PAD). However, low fiscal literacy and limited effectiveness of existing socialization programs remain major obstacles to achieving optimal revenue targets. This community service program aims to enhance the knowledge and capacity of officers at the Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) of Southeast Sulawesi Province in implementing more effective, persuasive, and adaptive socialization strategies. The methods used include direct observation, interviews, document analysis, material presentation, and interactive discussions. The results indicate that the socialization activities improved officers' understanding of tax literacy concepts, fiscal communication, and technology-based educational strategies. Additionally, the findings reveal that low public literacy, limited use of digital media, and varying public perceptions of fiscal transparency significantly influence taxpayer compliance. This program produced practical educational materials and strategic recommendations that can be sustainably implemented by Bapenda. Overall, the activity contributes positively to strengthening the agency’s internal capacity and refining socialization strategies to enhance taxpayer compliance and support optimal local revenue collection.

This community service activity aims to improve the soft skills capacity of the Ibu-Ibu Mekar community in Semarang City to face the demands of the Society 5.0 era. The program was implemented through four stages: needs assessment, participatory planning, training, and mentoring. The methods used included interactive lectures, group discussions, role-play, and contextual practice. The results of the activity showed significant improvements in participants' communication, creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. In addition, several participants began to demonstrate informal leadership roles and greater involvement in community activities. These findings indicate that the experience-based participatory mentoring approach is effective in strengthening women's empowerment and preparing communities for socio-technological change. The program also helped participants develop adaptability to change, increased self-confidence, and facilitated the formation of broader social networks in their communities. Empowering women through soft skills development is expected to create a more resilient community in facing the challenges posed by digital transformation in the Society 5.0 era. This program emphasizes the importance of sustainable soft skills development as a foundation for community resilience in the Society 5.0 era.

Compliance with local tax and retribution payments plays a crucial role in increasing Regional Own-Source Revenue (PAD). However, low fiscal literacy and limited effectiveness of existing socialization programs remain major obstacles to achieving optimal revenue targets. This community service program aims to enhance the knowledge and capacity of officers at the Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) of Southeast Sulawesi Province in implementing more effective, persuasive, and adaptive socialization strategies. The methods used include direct observation, interviews, document analysis, material presentation, and interactive discussions. The results indicate that the socialization activities improved officers' understanding of tax literacy concepts, fiscal communication, and technology-based educational strategies. Additionally, the findings reveal that low public literacy, limited use of digital media, and varying public perceptions of fiscal transparency significantly influence taxpayer compliance. This program produced practical educational materials and strategic recommendations that can be sustainably implemented by Bapenda. Overall, the activity contributes positively to strengthening the agency’s internal capacity and refining socialization strategies to enhance taxpayer compliance and support optimal local revenue collection.

Village Community Institutions (LKD) play a strategic role in supporting village governance and the implementation of community-based development. However, various challenges remain for many LKDs, particularly in terms of institutional capacity, regulatory understanding, and collaboration among stakeholders. This community service activity aims to strengthen the capacity of the LKD of Pamboborang Village, Banggae Sub-District, Majene Regency, in supporting sustainable village development. The activity was conducted through interactive lectures focusing on improving understanding of institutional functions, strategic roles in planning and monitoring development, and the importance of synergy between the LKD, village government, and the community. Participants included LKD members, village officials, and local community representatives. The results showed an increase in participants’ understanding of the main duties and functions of LKDs, along with a growing collective awareness of the importance of local institutional roles in sustainable development. This activity serves as a tangible contribution to transforming village governance through institutional empowerment. In the future, follow-up actions such as continuous mentoring and practice-based training will be needed so that LKD institutional capacity can develop systematically and independently.

This study explores the implementation of e-Government within the context of Bawaslu (Election Supervisory Agency) and its impact on governance and public trust. The results reveal that, from the support aspect, the success of e-Government implementation is largely driven by the commitment of leadership, which provides essential policies, human resources (HR) training, and technological facilities. However, challenges remain in terms of limited infrastructure and budget constraints at the district and city levels. Regarding the capacity aspect, Bawaslu already possesses competent HR, particularly among the younger generation, and adequate infrastructure. Nevertheless, there is still a need for improvement in the distribution of employee capabilities through continuous training and mentoring. Lastly, from the value perspective, e-Government has proven to deliver tangible benefits, such as increased efficiency, transparency, accountability, and an enhanced public trust in the institution. However, further efforts are required in areas such as system socialization, maintenance, and data security to maximize these benefits. This research highlights the importance of continuous development in both human and technological resources to ensure the optimal success of e-Government initiatives in enhancing governance and service delivery.