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Inclusive education is an education system that is friendly to all individuals without distinguishing the diversity of their characteristics. This system provides educational services that allow children with special needs to learn with their peers in the public school closest to where they live. This study aims to examine the "Implementation of Inclusive Learning for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) at SDN Kemuning Tarik Sidoarjo", especially in inclusive classes. This study applies a qualitative approach with data collection methods through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research findings reveal that the implementation of inclusive learning has attempted to answer the needs of children with ADHD, although there are still a number of obstacles such as minimal training for teachers and limited supporting facilities. Strategies that have been successfully implemented include the use of an individual approach, positive reinforcement, and curriculum adaptation. Increased collaboration between parties and policy support from schools are needed for the sustainability of inclusive and effective learning.

This study investigates the effect of interactive learning in traditional dance education on students’ critical thinking skills at the senior high school level. The background highlights the dominance of rote-based teaching in dance classes and the lack of reflective and analytical approaches that can foster students’ higher-order thinking. A quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design was employed, involving 72 tenth-grade students from several high schools in South Jakarta. The experimental group received interactive dance instruction integrating reflection, interpretation, and peer discussion, while the control group received conventional instruction. Data were collected through critical thinking tests, classroom observations, and student perception questionnaires. The results showed a significant improvement in the experimental group’s critical thinking scores, with a posttest average of 88.2 and a gain score of 0.71 (high category), compared to the control group’s posttest average of 66.7 and gain score of 0.21 (low category). Paired t-test and independent t-test analyses confirmed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Observation and questionnaire data revealed that students in the interactive group exhibited higher engagement in critical thinking activities such as interpretation, evaluation, and reasoning. These findings confirm that interactive dance learning not only enhances aesthetic understanding but also promotes critical thinking, making it a valuable pedagogical approach for 21st-century education.

This study aims to identify and analyze syntactic errors made by students in their academic writing. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores in depth the forms of errors that appear and the general patterns formed in students' sentence structures. Data were obtained from various documents of students' academic writing, such as essays, papers, and observation reports. The results of the study indicate that the dominant syntactic errors include incomplete sentence construction, inappropriate use of conjunctions, the influence of regional languages in sentence structures, inaccuracy in phrase formation, and errors in the structure of subjects, predicates, and objects. These findings reflect students' weak mastery of Indonesian language syntax rules. Therefore, more effective learning strategies are needed, such as the use of discovery-based learning methods and providing direct feedback, to improve students' syntactic competence. Syntactic error analysis not only functions as an evaluation of language skills, but also as a basis for developing contextual and relevant teaching materials.  

Students are individuals who are in the process of learning and developing themselves through formal and non-formal education. There are still teachers who do not pay attention to the initial conditions of students before learning begins, so that it has an impact on the learning outcomes obtained. This article aims to explain the application of flipped learning model assisted by interactive PowerPoint media in improving learning effectiveness in class IV SDN Sungai Miai 5. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with four informants, namely homeroom teachers and three students. Observations were conducted in a participatory manner, while documentation included classroom learning activities and teacher teaching styles. The data obtained were analyzed in depth. The results showed that grade IV students expect fun, interesting, and active learning. The flipped learning model assisted by interactive PowerPoint is proven to help create a more effective learning atmosphere. Future research is suggested to examine the application of this model in other grade levels or subjects to broaden the understanding of its effectiveness in various learning contexts.    

The subject of Metal Welding Technology is one of the compulsory subjects in the Fabrication major. However, many students' learning outcomes remain below the assessment criteria. This is suspected to be due to the use of conventional or less varied teaching methods, which result in limited student understanding and practical skills. Therefore, the researcher applied the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in this study, which aimed to determine its effect on students' comprehension. The type of research used was a quasi-experimental design with a post-test only control group, involving two classes: an experimental class and a control class. The study involved 16 students in each class. Data were collected through a test. Based on the data obtained, there was a difference between the experimental and control classes. This was proven by the average post-test scores of the experimental class, which was 80.62, compared to the control class, which was 65. These results indicate that the experimental class scored higher than the control class. The final data analysis included tests for normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing using a t-test. The results showed a significant (2-tailed) value of 0.001 for the comprehension group, which is less than 0.05. This means that the use of the Project-Based Learning model had a significant effect on students’ understanding and can be classified as effective, as it improved their comprehension.

This study aims to improve the understanding of grade 5 MI Al-Barokah students about the learning media of the human digestive system through the application of visual media innovation. A qualitative approach was used in this study with observation techniques and analysis of the teaching and learning process. The results showed that the utilization of visual media was able to help students understand the interactive media learning of the human digestive system more optimally. Students can visually imagine the course of the digestive process and understand various related concepts more clearly. The findings also show that visual media can foster interest and increase student learning motivation. The implication of this study suggests that teachers consider using visual media as an alternative learning strategy in con veying scientific concepts. This research also contributes to the development of more effective and interactive learning approaches to improve students' This research also contributes to the development of more effective and interactive learning approaches to improve students' understanding of scientific material.

Language is closely related to social and cultural aspects, including in the process of learning foreign languages such as Mandarin. Effective Chinese language learning does not only focus on linguistic aspects, but also requires an understanding of the culture of origin of the language. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the application of culture-based learning in increasing motivation to learn Chinese. The method used is literature study or library research, with documentation technique as data collection method and content analysis technique as data analysis method. Based on the analysis of twelve research articles, it was found that the integration of cultural elements such as traditional games, visual media, and Chinese pop culture can create a learning experience that is fun, interesting, and encourages students' curiosity towards Chinese. In conclusion, culture-based learning is proven to have a positive influence on motivation to learn Chinese and can be used as an alternative teaching strategy that is more contextual and fun.

This study aims to identify differences in student learning outcomes between those who receive learning using the Quantum Teaching model and those who receive conventional learning on the material of reaction rates at SMA Negeri 1 Tapa. This study is a quantitative study that applies a quasi-experimental method through a control group design with pretest and posttest. The results of the study indicate that after the application of the Quantum Teaching learning model in the experimental class and the use of the conventional learning model in the control class, there was an increase in student learning outcomes. The average pretest score of the experimental class was 34.37 and the posttest score reached 77.31, while for the control class, the average pretest score was 39 and the posttest score was 58.21. It can be seen that both groups of classes showed significant progress , which can be seen from the higher scores in the experimental group when compared to the control group . The hypothesis was tested through a mean test ( t- test ). The results of the Paired Sample t-test in the experimental group showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results, with a significance value of 0.000 , which is much lower than the limit of α = 0.05. This study shows that learning using the Quantum Teaching model has a positive impact on improving students' conceptual understanding.

Cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity can create a unique educational landscape and demand an inclusive and responsive approach. In multicultural schools, the curriculum often intersects with multicultural education, which includes teaching about different cultures, history, global perspectives. The subjects taught not only focus on traditional academics but also must involve content that deeply understands how diversity influences thinking and action. To fulfill learning so that it can influence students' thinking and actions or attitudes, one of the things needed is to create inclusive education based on love. Inclusive education is one type of approach used in the world of education with an emphasis on the importance of acceptance and appreciation of diversity. In the implementation of inclusive education, the role of teachers is needed, one of which is a Christian religious education teacher. The role needed is how teachers apply compassion to students. Teachers can do this through teaching inclusive attitudes, loving attitudes, and teachers must also be role models. The purpose of inclusive education based on love is to carry out learning activities such as role playing, group discussions, and collaborative activities to help children develop attitudes, social skills, and emotions. In discussing the role of Christian religious education teachers in implementing inclusive learning based on love, the method used is a literature approach by collecting information from books and journals based on the discussion.

This study aims to determine the effect of applying the reciprocal teaching style on students’ learning outcomes in the basic overhead passing technique in volleyball at SMK Negeri 1 Tombulu. The research was motivated by the students’ low ability to perform effective overhead passing in physical education lessons. An experimental method with a randomized control group pre-test and post-test design was used. The sample consisted of two groups: an experimental group taught using the reciprocal style and a control group that received no treatment. Data were collected through a skill test and analyzed using the t-test. The results revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group. This finding indicates that the reciprocal teaching style is effective in enhancing students’ mastery of basic volleyball skills. The study highlights important implications for physical education teachers in selecting effective teaching methods to improve students' motor skills.

This article explores the challenges and solutions in teaching syntax in Indonesian language education at schools. Syntax, as a crucial part of language structure, is often perceived as difficult and boring by students due to its theoretical and non-contextual delivery. Based on a literature review of scholarly journals and national books, it was found that students’ understanding of sentence structure remains low, affecting their writing and speaking skills. Teachers also face obstacles in developing effective and engaging teaching strategies. To address these issues, this article proposes several solutions, such as the use of communicative approaches, interactive learning media, and continuous professional development for teachers. It is hoped that with more contextual and practical methods, syntax learning can become more meaningful and enjoyable for students.

This article explores the challenges and solutions in teaching syntax in Indonesian language education at schools. Syntax, as a crucial part of language structure, is often perceived as difficult and boring by students due to its theoretical and non-contextual delivery. Based on a literature review of scholarly journals and national books, it was found that students’ understanding of sentence structure remains low, affecting their writing and speaking skills. Teachers also face obstacles in developing effective and engaging teaching strategies. To address these issues, this article proposes several solutions, such as the use of communicative approaches, interactive learning media, and continuous professional development for teachers. It is hoped that with more contextual and practical methods, syntax learning can become more meaningful and enjoyable for students.

Indonesian language has an important role in education, especially in shaping students’ literacy skills through text-based learning. One type of text taught in the Merdeka Curriculum is anecdote text. This study aims to identify and describe the forms of syntactic errors in anecdote texts in the book Cerdas Cergas Berbahasa dan Bersastra Indonesia for SMA / SMK class X. The method used is descriptive qualitative with error analysis approach according to Ellis’ model. The data were collected through listening and note-taking techniques, and analyzed through the stages of identification, classification, and evaluation of errors. The results of the analysis show the existence of various errors, including the use of non-standard words, incorrect word writing, inappropriate diction, excessive word usage, conjunction errors, and punctuation errors. The findings emphasize the importance of improving the quality of language in textbooks, as errors in books can affect students' language skills. Theoretically, this study expands the study of syntactic errors in the narrative text genre. Practically, the results of this study can be a reference for teachers, book writers, and curriculum developers in improving and enhancing the quality of Indonesian teaching materials.

This study explores the implementation of dance learning and its impact on motor skill development in early childhood at RA Al-Ikhlasiyah 2 Medan. The research is grounded in the understanding that dance activities contribute significantly to children's gross and fine motor coordination, emotional expression, and self-confidence. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach through observations, interviews with teachers, and documentation of dance sessions. Findings revealed that dance learning was not conducted regularly, but rather situationally ahead of graduation events, with limited integration into daily curriculum. The instructional method mainly involved direct demonstration and repetitive practice, which limited children's opportunities for exploration and creative expression. However, most children responded positively, showing enthusiasm and progress in movement coordination and group participation. Teachers played a key role in motivating children, although time constraints and lack of curriculum support posed challenges. The study concludes that dance learning, when implemented as a structured and routine activity, holds great potential in supporting holistic child development. The research also suggests future efforts to design integrative thematic dance modules and teacher training for sustainable early childhood arts education.

The use of social media in Arabic language learning is becoming increasingly significant in today's digital age. Social media has become an integral part of students' and teachers' daily lives, opening up great opportunities to create more interactive, collaborative and engaging learning experiences. WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and TikTok can increase students' motivation to learn, make materials more accessible, and improve students' Arabic language skills. This study aims to identify the opportunities and challenges of using social media in Arabic language learning using library research method. The results show that social media is often utilized by teachers and students to improve communication, facilitate the distribution of teaching materials, and enrich the Arabic learning experience. The use of social media has also been shown to increase student motivation to learn through active engagement in discussion and collaboration. However, there are some challenges such as unequal access to technology, high potential for distraction, limited internet quota and network problems and digital security risks. The use of social media can be an effective tool in Arabic language learning if integrated with appropriate teaching strategies and accompanied by digital literacy training for teachers and students, as well as the development of creative and safe educational content. This study recommends the development of policies and guidelines for the use of social media in schools and universities, so that the potential of social media in supporting Arabic language learning can be optimally utilized. 

This study aims to determine the values of gender equality in Daarussholah Pesantren-Based Junior High School (BP), the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in internalizing it, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in the process. This research uses a qualitative approach with a field method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation with the main informants, namely PAI teachers, students, and principals. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The results showed that Daarussholah Pesantren-Based Junior High School has attempted to implement gender equality values through policies that support equal rights and opportunities between male and female students, both in learning, leadership, and extracurricular activities. These values include justice, equality, and freedom of expression without gender restrictions. PAI teachers play an important role as educators and role models, conveying these values through teaching, social interaction and support for the school's inclusive policies. Supporting factors for the internalization of these values are the progressive school policies and the diversity of the teaching staff. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is the immaturity of students' emotional intelligence.

This study aims to analyze students' difficulties in understanding algebraic concepts in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This type of research uses a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, questionnaires, and three written tests. Based on the results of interviews and questionnaires conducted by teachers with the school principal and mathematics teachers, the school has implemented the Merdeka Curriculum despite limitations in resources. The Merdeka Curriculum contributes to teachers in terms of teaching modules and freedom in creativity in learning, although training is still needed. The results of the student questionnaire indicate that the majority of students have difficulty understanding algebra, especially in identifying variables, but the majority of students feel that classroom learning is interactive and enjoyable. Most students feel helped by the example questions provided by the teacher. The written test results show that students have difficulty with the use of positive and negative signs, coefficients, constants, algebraic operations, and determining variable values. This indicates that the majority of students have not yet achieved mastery of the algebra material. It can be concluded that the implementation of the independent curriculum at SMP IT Az-Zahira Khatulistiwa supports teachers in the algebra learning process through the use of teaching modules, but students still struggle to understand algebraic concepts due to the limited use of educational media, which is constrained by the school's facilities.

This study aims to determine the effect of understanding inclusive education on the readiness to teach children with special needs (ABK) in prospective Indonesian language teachers. The research method used is quantitative research with an associative approach, using a questionnaire instrument to measure the level of understanding of inclusive education and readiness to teach ABK. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between understanding of inclusive education and readiness to teach ABK in prospective Indonesian language teachers. A comprehensive understanding of inclusive education is an important foundation in improving the pedagogical, professional, personality, and social competencies of prospective teachers. However, the survey results show that the ability to plan lessons, readiness to teach, and readiness to create ABK-friendly learning tools are still relatively low. The main challenges faced by prospective teachers are the lack of practical experience, the lack of examples of inclusive open materials, and the continuing stigma against ABK. Therefore, a strategy is needed to improve the understanding of inclusive education through curriculum integration, field experience, and the development of inclusive teaching materials so that the readiness to teach ABK in prospective Indonesian language teachers can be optimally increased.

The problems in this community service are: “Can teachers use documentary film media as a learning resource for students at SMA Negeri 6 Palu? The objectives that can be achieved in this service are: (1). Documentary films are well documented and are expected to be a learning resource for students at SMA Negeri 3 Palu, (2) Documentary films can be a source of inspiration for history teachers both in teaching and in making teaching materials, (3) Documentary films can be well selected, which are adapted to subject matter based on the curriculum used. Assistance to the target audience, namely teachers and students to assist in utilizing documentary film learning media as a learning resource for History at SMA Negeri 3 Palu. The hope to be achieved through this community service is that teachers and students can benefit from the use of documentary film learning media in the learning process to improve the quality of both teaching and learning.

Students' understanding of the concept of nets and surface area of spatial shapes is still relatively low due to the abstract nature of the material and the lack of connection with real life. This study aims to determine the effect of contextual learning models based on North Sumatra local wisdom on improving elementary school students' concept understanding. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by analyzing various relevant sources from 2019 to 2024. The results showed that the integration of local cultural elements, such as Batak traditional houses (Rumah Bolon), gorga carvings, and traditional crafts, can help students understand mathematical concepts more concretely. This approach encourages better spatial visualization and calculation skills, and increases students' motivation and active participation. Learning becomes more meaningful as students can relate the material to their cultural environment. However, challenges such as limited learning resources and teacher readiness are still barriers to implementation. Therefore, training for teachers and development of local culture-based teaching materials are needed. This research contributes to the development of contextual learning strategies that are more relevant to students' cultural background, especially in mathematics education at the primary school level.