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The purpose of this community service (PkM) is to provide Mindfulness training to ANANDA PAUD teachers in RW.19 to improve their understanding of themselves regarding their physical and psychological well-being. Mindfulness training is a meditation method used to increase empathy both affectively, cognitively, morally, intrapersonally and interpersonally. The many activities and activities of teachers both at school and at home make teachers feel very tired. Teachers often feel dizzy, physically tired and lack focus on the teaching given. To prevent these things from continuing, the PkM team of the psychology faculty provides assistance to teachers by holding Mindfulness training which aims to maintain the mental state of teachers from the pressures that arise both at work and brought from home. The lack of understanding and self-skills possessed by the teachers makes them just resigned in carrying out their daily activities. This input prompted the PkM team to help find solutions for developing the self-skills of ANANDA PAUD teachers through Mindfulness Training. The process involved gathering the teachers in the RT.01 hall and providing them with materials to understand and practice Mindfulness, including lectures, stories, and practical exercises, as well as games and group discussions. The community service team hopes that these teachers will be able to understand the results of the training. This increased understanding of Mindfulness will improve their ability to focus and better understand themselves and their surroundings, enabling them to overcome all the challenges and obstacles that arise in their daily lives.

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of violence experienced by individuals in the early adulthood age range (18–25 years), which is often a manifestation of unresolved traumatic experiences. Unmanaged trauma can have profound psychological impacts, affecting an individual's identity, social relationships, and outlook on life. However, within the framework of positive psychology, there is the concept of Post Traumatic Growth (PTG), which explains the potential for psychological growth that can emerge after an individual experiences severe stress or trauma. PTG includes positive changes in oneself, increased meaning in life, personal strength, and appreciation for life. The concept of PTG is the main foundation in the creation of abstract sculptures that attempt to represent the psychological journey of victims of violence, from destructive conditions to recovery and self-awareness. Abstract forms are used as a visual medium to reflect inner conflict, identity fragmentation, and the complex process of internal transformation. The choice of abstraction allows for free expression of realistic forms, thus presenting a profound symbolic interpretation. The method of creation of the work is carried out through an artistic approach that emphasizes the exploration of form, texture, material, and space in three-dimensional expression. This process not only produces visual objects but also creates expressive symbols that contain narratives of psychological healing. The sculpture is presented as a contemplative medium that invites the audience to experience, understand, and interpret the inner journey of victims of violence. The resulting creation demonstrates that abstract sculpture can be a powerful means of emotional communication, facilitating public understanding of the experience of trauma and the potential for post-traumatic growth. Thus, this work not only serves as an artistic representation of the inner dynamics of victims of violence but also serves as a reflective medium that fosters awareness of the human capacity to recover and thrive after experiencing profound suffering.

Depression in adolescents is a significant mental health issue in Indonesia, with its prevalence increasing every year. Adolescence is a transitional period marked by complex physical, social, and psychological changes. During this phase, adolescents often face emotional instability, academic pressure, social demands, and confusion in establishing self-identity. These factors can trigger prolonged stress and increase the risk of depression. Appropriate prevention and intervention efforts are crucial to address this issue. One approach that has proven effective is art-based group therapy. Art therapy provides a space for adolescents to express their thoughts and feelings creatively through visual media, which can help them understand themselves, manage their emotions, and build social skills. This study used the Systematic Literature Review method to identify, analyze, and synthesize the results of studies related to the effectiveness of art therapy on adolescent mental health. Data sources were obtained from various national and international journals relevant to the keywords "Art Therapy", "adolescent depression", and "mental health". The results of the literature review indicate that art therapy consistently has positive impacts, including reducing depressive symptoms, increasing self-confidence, strengthening interpersonal skills, and developing emotional intelligence. The creative process in this therapy encourages adolescents to be more open, able to process emotional experiences, and find positive ways to deal with problems. Based on these findings, Art Therapy is recommended for ongoing implementation in schools and communities as part of mental health programs. This intervention serves not only as a means of recovery but also as a preventative measure in building adolescents' psychological resilience, enabling them to grow and develop optimally amidst the challenges of modern life.

This study explores the influence of live streaming mode on the purchase intention of tropical fruits among consumers in Henan, China, in the context of the rapid growth of e-commerce. Live streaming has emerged as a dynamic and interactive platform that enables real-time engagement between sellers and buyers, offering visual product demonstrations and instant feedback opportunities. The research focuses on three critical factors affecting purchase intention: perceived trust, perceived value, and perceived risk. A quantitative research design was employed, collecting data from 392 participants through structured questionnaires. The analysis indicates that interactive communication, transparent information sharing, and authentic presentations during live streaming significantly enhance perceived trust and perceived value. Higher perceived trust fosters a stronger sense of reliability toward sellers, while increased perceived value motivates consumers by highlighting product quality, freshness, and fair pricing. Furthermore, effective live streaming strategies can substantially reduce perceived risks related to product authenticity, quality uncertainty, and transaction security, creating a more favorable purchase environment. The results suggest that the integration of engaging storytelling, professional product showcasing, and active audience interaction serves as a catalyst for influencing consumer attitudes and behaviors toward purchasing tropical fruits. This study enriches the existing literature on live streaming commerce by highlighting its psychological and behavioral impacts on consumer decision-making. In practical terms, the findings offer actionable insights for marketers and fruit sellers, emphasizing the importance of building trust, delivering genuine product experiences, and minimizing risks to maximize purchase intentions. These strategies are particularly relevant for agricultural e-commerce in Henan, where live streaming can bridge the gap between rural producers and urban consumers. Overall, this research provides both theoretical contributions to the study of digital co sumer behavior and practical guidance for optimizing live streaming as a competitive marketing tool in the fresh produce industry.

In Indonesia, there are approximately 22.97 million people, or approximately 8.5 percent of the population, with the largest proportion being in the elderly group. One form of disability is physical disability, a condition in which limbs are imperfect due to defects that cause damage to bones, muscles, and joints, so that body functions cannot run normally. This condition often impacts not only the physical aspect, but also the psychological health of the sufferer. One of the main challenges faced by people with physical disabilities is maintaining resilience, namely the individual's ability to overcome depression, anxiety, pressure, and stress in living daily life. This study uses a literature review method to examine the results of previous studies relevant to the topic of resilience in people with physical disabilities. The data collection process was carried out through literature searches on the internet using sources from Google Scholar and Google Books. The criteria for selected literature include research that focuses on psychological interventions, especially reality therapy, and its effect on increasing resilience. Reality therapy is a counseling approach that emphasizes personal responsibility, awareness of choices, and the development of skills to face life's challenges effectively. The study results indicate that reality therapy has been shown to have a positive effect on increasing resilience in individuals with physical disabilities. Through a structured counseling process, this therapy helps individuals recognize their potential, develop positive attitudes, and develop adaptive coping strategies. Furthermore, reality therapy can increase motivation, self-confidence, and the ability to make constructive decisions when faced with physical limitations and social pressures. These findings indicate that the application of reality therapy can be an effective approach to supporting the psychological well-being of individuals with physical disabilities, while also contributing to more holistic rehabilitation efforts in Indonesia.

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological process experienced by every woman, but it can be accompanied by various discomforts, both physical and psychological. In the third trimester, hormonal, physical, and emotional changes often trigger complaints such as anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and discomfort. These conditions, if not managed, can negatively impact the health of the mother and fetus, including increasing the risk of pregnancy complications. One non-pharmacological approach that is increasingly in demand to address these problems is aromatherapy, namely the use of essential oils from plants as a complementary therapy. Objective: This literature study aims to explore the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality in pregnant women, especially in the final trimester. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted by analyzing ten national journal articles published between 2014–2024. Articles were selected through a purposive sampling method based on the suitability of the topics with aromatherapy, pregnancy, anxiety, and sleep quality. Results: Most studies show that aromatherapy, especially with lavender, orange, and chamomile essential oils, has a positive effect in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality. The mechanism of action of aromatherapy is thought to involve stimulation of the limbic system in the brain via the olfactory pathway, which plays a role in regulating emotions, inducing relaxation, and reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. These effects help reduce tension and facilitate better sleep in pregnant women. Conclusion: Aromatherapy has been shown to be a safe, easy-to-implement, and effective complementary intervention for addressing anxiety and sleep disturbances in pregnancy. Healthcare providers, particularly midwives, are advised to integrate this therapy into holistic antenatal care to support the overall well-being of pregnant women.

The frequent earthquakes in Indonesia have had complex impacts, not only on physical damage and material losses, but also on the psychological aspects of survivors. One psychological problem that often arises is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which can disrupt mental health, quality of life, and an individual's ability to return to normal activities. This condition requires appropriate treatment, one of which is through providing effective coping strategies for survivors. The purpose of this study is to collect and review knowledge related to coping strategies used by earthquake disaster victims who experience PTSD. This study uses a literature review approach by exploring various relevant scientific sources that are in line with the topic. The analysis process was carried out using the content analysis method, namely an in-depth discussion of the data with reference to the stress coping theory proposed by Lazarus and Folkman. The results of the study indicate that each region, both in Indonesia and in various countries, has a different approach to coping strategies to overcome PTSD in earthquake victims. These differences are influenced by culture, social values, community support, and available resources. In general, the identified coping strategies fall into two main categories: problem-focused coping (active coping), which focuses on solving problems, and emotion-focused coping (passive coping), which focuses on managing emotions resulting from trauma. These findings confirm that a combination of these two strategies, tailored to individual characteristics and cultural context, can be an effective approach to the psychological recovery of earthquake survivors.  

This study aims to examine the influence of self-efficacy and learning environment on learning outcomes, with learning motivation as a mediating variable, among students of SMK Negeri 44 Jakarta. Employing a quantitative approach with a survey method, the research involved a population of 175 students, all of whom were included as the sample through a total sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0 software. The analytical procedures encompassed measurement model analysis, structural model analysis, and hypothesis testing for both direct and indirect effects.The findings reveal a positive and significant direct effect of self-efficacy on learning outcomes, indicating that students with higher confidence in their abilities tend to achieve better academic performance. Similarly, the learning environment was found to have a positive and significant direct effect on learning outcomes, suggesting that supportive academic surroundings contribute meaningfully to student achievement. However, the study found no significant direct effect of learning motivation on learning outcomes, nor any significant mediating role of learning motivation in the relationships between self-efficacy and learning outcomes or between learning environment and learning outcomes. These results imply that while self-efficacy and a conducive learning environment are key determinants of academic success, the role of learning motivation as an intervening variable may not be as substantial in this context. The absence of mediation suggests that motivation alone may not bridge the gap between personal and environmental factors and actual academic performance. This study contributes to educational research by providing empirical evidence on the complex interplay between psychological, environmental, and motivational factors influencing student achievement, highlighting the need for educators to strengthen both self-belief and learning conditions to optimize outcomes.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of self-efficacy on students’ interest in continuing their studies to higher education, with achievement motivation as a mediating variable. The research employs a quantitative approach using the survey method. The population in this study consisted of 211 students from SMKN 44 Jakarta. The sampling technique used was proportionate stratified random sampling, calculated using the Slovin formula with a 5% margin of error, resulting in a total sample of 138 students. The data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with the assistance of SmartPLS 4.0 software. The analysis process included the evaluation of the measurement model (outer model), the structural model (inner model), and hypothesis testing for direct and indirect effects. The results of the study demonstrate that: (1) self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on achievement motivation; (2) self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on students’ interest in continuing their studies to higher education; (3) achievement motivation also has a positive and significant effect on students’ interest in pursuing higher education; and (4) self-efficacy has a significant indirect effect on interest in continuing studies to higher education through achievement motivation as a mediating variable. These findings indicate that both self-efficacy and achievement motivation play important roles in shaping students' educational aspirations beyond secondary school. This study emphasizes the need for educational institutions to strengthen students’ belief in their own abilities and foster achievement motivation to increase their intention to pursue higher education. The findings contribute to the understanding of psychological factors that influence educational planning and can be used as a reference in developing academic guidance programs in vocational high schools.

Mental health among coastal communities remains a critical issue often overlooked by formal interventions. This community service activity aimed to enhance the psychological well-being of residents in Astapada Village, Gunungjati Subdistrict, Cirebon, using a positive psychology approach integrated with local cultural wisdom. The method used was a participatory community-based approach involving training in gratitude journaling, character strengths, and meaning therapy, combined with traditional arts practices such as mask dancing and batik making. Evaluation using the WHO-5 Wellbeing Index showed a significant increase in participants' psychological well-being scores, from an average of 43.77 to 66.40. Additionally, social initiatives emerged, including the formation of the “Rembug Jiwa” community and the rise of local leaders promoting program sustainability. These findings indicate that culturally contextualized positive psychology interventions can serve as effective strategies for improving mental health at the community level.

In the criminal justice system, legal protection for mental health is an important problem, particularly when sexual abuse is involved. Sexual assault victims often experience prolonged psychological trauma, while perpetrators may also have mental health conditions that need to be considered in the judicial process. The criminal justice system in Indonesia has not fully provided adequate protection for mental health aspects for both victims and perpetrators. In this context, it is important to examine the regulations governing mental health protection in the criminal justice system and how they are applied in the practice of law. This study employs a normative methodology that combines a conceptual and statutory approach. Implementing the statute approach is done by analyzing various regulations related to mental health protection in the criminal justice system, both in national law and international legal instruments. Meanwhile, the conceptual approach is used to examine the theory of legal protection, the theory of mental health in criminal law, and the restorative justice approach as an alternative in handling cases of sexual violence. The data were obtained through a literature study by reviewing laws and regulations, scientific journals, law books, and relevant official documents. Through this study, it is expected to find a normative mapping regarding legal protection for mental health in the criminal justice system, especially for victims and perpetrators of sexual abuse. This study also intends to identify gaps in existing rules and make ideas for revisions to promote legal protection for mental health in the criminal justice system in Indonesia.

This study aims to examine the implementation of the selapanan tradition among Javanese postpartum women in Limau Manis Village, and to understand the meaning and community perceptions of this practice in the context of modern life. The selapanan tradition is part of local wisdom that has been passed down from generation to generation and has important value in postpartum maternal care. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, which allows researchers to understand cultural practices in depth through direct interaction with the community. Data collection techniques include participant observation, in-depth interviews with mothers who practice the tradition, community leaders, and traditional birth attendants, as well as documentation and field notes. The results show that selapanan is still preserved and practiced by the people of Limau Manis Village, although it has undergone several forms of adaptation to modern developments and modern medical guidelines. In its implementation, this tradition uses various natural ingredients such as parem (traditional body scrub), pilis (forehead concoction to refresh the eyes and mind), bengkungan (cloth to wrap the stomach), gerita (a kind of stagen or body binder), and the consumption of herbal medicine as part of physical care and body recovery. In addition to its physical aspects, selapanan also has a psychological dimension, providing emotional comfort and social support to postpartum mothers, thereby helping to prevent psychological disorders such as baby blues syndrome. This tradition serves not only as a form of traditional healthcare but also as a symbol of social solidarity and respect for local cultural values. Amidst the tide of modernization, preserving selapanan is crucial as a cultural identity that remains relevant. This study concludes that despite adjustments to medical developments, the selapanan tradition continues to play a significant role in maintaining maternal well-being and strengthening Javanese cultural values in the modern era.

This study examines the primary motivations of authors in creating erotic slash fanfiction using Thai boys-in-love actors on the app X. Adopting a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, and interpreted through the lens of Symbolic Interactionism Theory and Labeling Theory, this study highlights how authors understand and interact with this phenomenon. The findings indicate that authors perceive their work as a form of self-expression, art, and entertainment, despite being aware of the potential for labeling as pornography or violating legal norms. Their primary motivation stems from the fulfillment of personal imagination and self-satisfaction, which is significantly strengthened by the validation and support of a supportive online community. This community also plays a crucial role in shaping unwritten norms and providing psychological buffers against potential external negative views. Authors demonstrate various strategic responses, including the use of disclaimers and a realistic acceptance of societal perceptions. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a nuanced understanding of online subcultural practices, fostering digital literacy, and suggesting a wise and adaptive approach to content regulation in the digital age. This study also provides insights into how authors of erotic fanfiction on online platforms like X interact with popular cultural values and gender identity. The authors in this study are not only connected to their communities but also engaged in a broader process of identity construction through the characters they create. The Thai boy-love actor, a frequent inspiration in their work, serves as a symbol that reinforces the representation of non-heteronormative relationships, providing space for a more free and inclusive exploration of sexual identity.

Adolescent reproductive health is a crucial aspect in creating a physically, mentally, and socially healthy generation. Adolescence is a critical phase in individual development marked by biological, psychological, and social changes, requiring special attention, particularly regarding understanding reproductive health. Unfortunately, many adolescents still have limited knowledge in this area, which can increase the risk of risky behavior, unwanted pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections. In this context, families play a crucial role as the primary source of education, supervision, and emotional and moral support. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and understanding of adolescent reproductive health among families in Uma Sima Village, Sumbawa District. The methods used included interactive counseling, group discussions, and the distribution of educational media in the form of leaflets to families with adolescent children. The activity was conducted over two days and was attended by 30 families. To measure the effectiveness of the activity, pre- and post-tests were conducted to assess the increase in participants' knowledge before and after the activity. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in families' understanding of adolescent reproductive health issues. This was evident in the increase in the average post-test score compared to the pre-test. Furthermore, participants demonstrated high enthusiasm in participating in the activities, actively participating in discussions, and expressing their readiness to provide education to their children at home. In conclusion, this activity was effective in increasing family knowledge and demonstrating the importance of the family's role in preventing adolescent reproductive health issues. It is hoped that similar activities can be conducted on an ongoing basis to create a supportive, open, and communicative family environment that supports adolescent growth and development.

Intensive social media use has become an ingrained phenomenon in the daily lives of college students. Technological developments and high accessibility to digital platforms cause students to spend a significant amount of time interacting virtually. This condition has various psychological implications, one of which is increased anxiety levels. This study aims to determine the relationship between the intensity of social media use and anxiety levels in college students. The method used was a quantitative approach with a correlational design through a survey distributed to a number of student respondents from various study programs. The research instruments included a questionnaire regarding the frequency of social media use and a validated anxiety scale. The results showed a significant relationship between the intensity of social media use and students' anxiety levels. The higher the frequency of social media use, the greater the tendency for students to experience anxiety. Several factors that trigger anxiety include social comparison with other users, the need for validation through the number of "likes" and comments, and the pressure to project an ideal self-image online. Furthermore, most students expressed feelings of anxiety or restlessness when not accessing social media for a certain period of time, indicating psychological dependence. These findings indicate that social media has a significant influence on students' psychological conditions, particularly in triggering anxiety. Therefore, it is crucial for higher education institutions, educators, and parents to provide education on healthy and balanced social media use. Preventive and promotive interventions to support student mental health are essential to mitigate the negative impacts of social media and foster wiser digital behavior in today's technological era.

Maternal anxiety during the childbirth process is a common psychological condition that can potentially increase the risk of complications, prolong labor, and reduce the likelihood of a positive birthing experience. High anxiety levels in mothers may interfere with the effectiveness of labor, impact maternal and fetal well-being, and lead to increased medical interventions. One of the most important support systems during labor is the presence and active involvement of the husband. The husband’s role is not only limited to being present but also includes providing emotional, physical, and motivational support to the mother. Recognizing the importance of this role, this community service program was designed to enhance husbands’ understanding and skills in supporting their wives during childbirth, thereby helping to reduce maternal anxiety.The program consisted of several stages, including the delivery of structured health education sessions on maternal needs during labor, demonstrations of effective communication techniques, simulations of support during different stages of childbirth, and interactive discussions to address questions and share experiences. Through these activities, participants were encouraged to build empathy, strengthen their knowledge about labor, and develop the confidence to assist their wives effectively. The results of the program indicated a noticeable improvement in the husbands’ awareness of the importance of their role, as well as increased confidence in providing both emotional reassurance and physical assistance. Participants reported feeling better prepared to accompany their wives, manage unexpected situations, and foster a more supportive environment during childbirth. This initiative highlights the significant impact that targeted education and training for husbands can have on maternal psychological well-being, ultimately contributing to safer and more positive birth experiences.

Preventing and addressing bullying in schools is crucial for creating a safe and supportive educational environment for student development. Bullying, whether physical, verbal, or psychological, can have long-term impacts on the mental and emotional well-being of students who are victims. This study aims to explore strategies implemented by schools to address and prevent bullying, and to analyze the challenges faced in implementing these strategies. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study approach in several schools in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with principals, teachers, students, and parents, as well as observations of school programs. Document analysis of school policies on bullying was also conducted. The study found that although most schools have policies related to bullying, insufficient supervision and a lack of parental involvement in supporting these policies remain obstacles. Other factors influencing the effectiveness of bullying prevention are teacher awareness and skills in addressing students' social issues. This study recommends a community-based approach, in which all parties, from students, teachers, and parents, play an active role in creating an anti-bullying culture. Training programs for teachers and outreach to students regarding the negative impacts of bullying need to be improved. With stronger policies and increased awareness, it is hoped that bullying can be minimized and addressed, making schools a safe place for learning and development. Implementing this community-based approach is expected to create a culture that is free from bullying and provide better support for victims of bullying.

Preventing and addressing bullying in schools is crucial for creating a safe and supportive educational environment for student development. Bullying, whether physical, verbal, or psychological, can have long-term impacts on the mental and emotional well-being of students who are victims. This study aims to explore strategies implemented by schools to address and prevent bullying, and to analyze the challenges faced in implementing these strategies. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study approach in several schools in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with principals, teachers, students, and parents, as well as observations of school programs. Document analysis of school policies on bullying was also conducted. The study found that although most schools have policies related to bullying, insufficient supervision and a lack of parental involvement in supporting these policies remain obstacles. Other factors influencing the effectiveness of bullying prevention are teacher awareness and skills in addressing students' social issues. This study recommends a community-based approach, in which all parties, from students, teachers, and parents, play an active role in creating an anti-bullying culture. Training programs for teachers and outreach to students regarding the negative impacts of bullying need to be improved. With stronger policies and increased awareness, it is hoped that bullying can be minimized and addressed, making schools a safe place for learning and development. Implementing this community-based approach is expected to create a culture that is free from bullying and provide better support for victims of bullying.

This study aims to analyze the influence of positive reinforcement and social anxiety on student learning activity in the Department of Office Management and Business Services (MPLB) at SMK Negeri in the South Jakarta area. The background of this research is based on the importance of creating a conducive learning environment through providing positive reinforcement and the importance of understanding the impact of social anxiety on student participation in the learning process. The method used in this study is a survey method with a quantitative approach. The study population consisted of 360 students spread across three schools. The sampling technique used was proportionate stratified random sampling with an error rate of 5%, so that a sample of 190 students was obtained. Data analysis was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method based on Partial Least Square (PLS) through the SmartPLS 4.0 application. The analysis consists of three main stages, namely measurement model analysis (outer model), structural model analysis (inner model), and hypothesis testing. The results of the study show that positive reinforcement has a positive and significant effect on student learning activity. This means that the higher the application of positive reinforcement, the more active students are in participating in learning activities. On the other hand, social anxiety has a negative and significant influence on student learning activity. This shows that the higher the level of social anxiety experienced by students, the more active they will be in the learning process. These findings affirm the importance of the role of teachers in implementing learning strategies that encourage active student participation and pay attention to students' psychological aspects such as social anxiety in the teaching and learning process.

Divorce has a significant impact on a child's psychological and social development, particularly in the aspect of determining custody rights, which should prioritize the principle of the child's best interests. This study aims to analyze the balance between Islamic legal norms as stipulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and positive law in Indonesia, in cases where children under the age of 12 express a desire to live with their father after the divorce. The research approach used is a juridical-normative with a qualitative analysis method that focuses on a literature review of laws and regulations such as the KHI, the Marriage Law, the Child Protection Law, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, as well as relevant legal and jurisprudential literature. The results of the study indicate that although normatively the KHI prioritizes the mother as the caregiver of children under 12 years old, there is room for flexibility that allows the court to consider the child's wishes if it better ensures the child's welfare and safety. This approach is supported by the principle of maslahah mursalah in Islamic law, which allows adjustments for the benefit of the child. The main challenges in its implementation include the minimal involvement of professionals such as child psychologists in the evaluation process, the existence of gender stereotypes that influence judges' decisions, and emotional conflicts between parents that often override the interests of the child. Therefore, this study recommends that judicial institutions actively involve psychologists and mediators in custody proceedings, improve training for judges in understanding the psychosocial dynamics of children, and update legal guidelines so that children's wishes can be assessed objectively. Furthermore, education to the wider public about the importance of gender non-discrimination in child care is also needed so that custody decisions truly reflect the principles of comprehensive child protection and welfare.