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The purpose of this discussion is to examine the expression of dynamic sports movements in deformative sculpture. Humans naturally produce various movements that have aesthetic value, both consciously and unconsciously. These movements appear in static daily activities and in structured physical activities such as sports, which are classified as dynamic movements. Dynamic movements have patterns, rhythms, and intensities that create strong, harmonious, and meaningful body expressions. Sports provide physical benefits while displaying beauty through variations in tempo, space, energy, and time. In sports such as swimming, running, and pole vaulting, athletes' movements demonstrate a combination of muscle strength, body flexibility, and balance that create high visual aesthetics. The beauty of these movements inspires the creation of works of art, particularly in deformative sculpture. Deformative styles are used to express human body movements at certain moments in sports. This sculpture aims to convey that sports are not only physical activities, but also as an expression of the beauty of body movements that can be appreciated artistically. Through this work, the author hopes to demonstrate that sports as a visual art has aesthetic value that deserves to be appreciated and interpreted more deeply.

This study investigates the occurrence and functions of nonstandard language variation in Instagram headlines posted by @folkative, a popular digital media account known for its creative use of informal language. Despite the growing attention to social media discourse, little research has focused on how nonstandard forms operate in short, attention-grabbing digital headlines. Guided by Labov’s (1972) variationist sociolinguistic framework, this study employs a descriptive qualitative method complemented by simple quantification. The data consist of headlines uploaded by @folkative throughout September 2025. The analysis reveals four main types of nonstandard variation: code-mixing, nonstandard spelling, colloquial expressions, and lexical innovation. Among these, code-mixing appears most frequently (33.93%). The use of nonstandard language is not arbitrary but rather reflects deliberate stylistic and social choices. These variations serve several communicative and pragmatic functions, including attracting readers’ attention, conveying humor, saving space within limited character counts, expressing solidarity with followers, and constructing a modern, cosmopolitan online identity. The findings demonstrate that nonstandard language in Instagram headlines contributes to meaning-making and audience engagement, showing how Indonesian users creatively manipulate linguistic resources to suit digital communication norms.

This study examines the role of classification, definition, and analogy as logical pillars that constitute the fundamental framework of knowledge. These three instruments of logic are closely interconnected in supporting the process of scientific reasoning. Classification functions to organize objects or phenomena into systematic categories, thereby facilitating identification. Definition provides clear boundaries of meaning to prevent conceptual ambiguity and ensure consistency of interpretation among researchers and practitioners. Meanwhile, analogy serves as a reasoning tool that bridges existing knowledge with new insights through rational comparison. This article employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review of both classical and modern logic theories. The findings indicate that the integration of classification, definition, and analogy not only strengthens the consistency of scientific reasoning but also contributes significantly to education, communication, and the development of interdisciplinary knowledge. Thus, these three pillars of logic hold a strategic position in building a foundation of rationality and promoting the advancement of knowledge that is both comprehensive and applicablee.

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, paylater usage, and income on the consumptive behavior of Generation Z in Indonesia. The background of this research is based on the increasing use of digital financial services, particularly paylater, and the growing trend of consumptive lifestyles among Generation Z, who are exposed to the convenience of technology and have relatively low financial control. The research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive and causal analysis. The population in this study consists of Generation Z in Indonesia aged 18–27 years who have income and have used paylater services. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with the purposive sampling method, and the sample size was 100 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The analysis included validity tests, reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results indicate that financial literacy has a negative and significant effect on consumptive behavior, meaning that the higher the financial literacy, the lower the tendency to act consumptively. Conversely, paylater usage and income have a significant joint influence on Generation Z’s consumptive behavior.

This study focuses on the analysis of students' learning experiences through artificial volcanic eruption experiments in understanding the material of changes in the state of matter at MI Miftahul Ulum. The problem underlying this study is the difficulty students have in learning the abstract concept of changes in state, so a learning strategy based on real experiences is needed. The artificial volcanic eruption experiment was chosen because it is able to show the process of changes in the state of matter through simple chemical reactions in an interesting and easy-to-understand way. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The subjects of the study were fifth-grade students of MI Miftahul Ulum. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the artificial volcanic eruption experiment created a meaningful learning experience for students. Students appeared more enthusiastic, active, and easily grasped the concept of changes in the state of matter because they experienced the change process directly. In addition, this experiment also fostered students' curiosity, cooperation, and scientific attitudes in learning activities. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the artificial volcanic eruption experiment is an effective learning medium to strengthen the learning experience while improving students' understanding of the material of changes in the state of matter.

This research discusses the event of the first revelation descending upon Prophet Muhammad SAW in the Cave of Hira as the starting point for the birth of Islamic civilization. The background of this research stems from the social and spiritual conditions of pre-Islamic Arab society, which was in the era of ignorance, characterized by idol worship, social inequality, and the loss of human values. The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the historical, theological, and philosophical meanings of the first revelation and relate them to the relevance of educational and moral values in the modern context. The method used is a qualitative study with a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing primary and secondary literature from interpretive sources, historical texts, and scientific journals. The research results indicate that the command "Iqra'" in Surah Al-'Alaq verses 1-5 is the foundation for the emergence of literacy, education, and scientific traditions in Islam. This value affirms the importance of the integration between faith and science as the foundation of civilization. The implications of this research confirm that the spirit of "Iqra'" must be revived in the modern education system so that young Muslim generations can develop critical, ethical, and moral character amidst the current of globalization.

This research aims to examine how betrayal is represented in the film The Last Supper (2025). The study employs a qualitative approach using John Fiske’s semiotic theory, which focuses on three levels of codes: reality, representation, and ideology. Data were collected through visual observation of the film’s scenes and analyzed to identify signs and underlying meanings within the actions of the characters. The findings reveal a total of nine betrayal scenes, segmented into 52 image shots that were analyzed in depth. These scenes primarily depict the betrayals committed by Judas Iscariot and Peter against Jesus Christ. The analysis shows that betrayal is not merely presented as a dramatic motif but is constructed as an ideological representation that reflects power relations, social pressure, and human moral dilemmas. The film serves as a cultural text that constructs meaning through visual symbols, gestures, expressions, and dialogue. As such, it can be interpreted as a form of social criticism against systems of power that influence individual behavior. Therefore, the film functions not only as entertainment but also as a discursive space that voices fundamental human issues.

Real Analysis is a fundamental course in mathematics education characterized by its deductive and axiomatic structure, which requires logical, systematic, and conceptual understanding. However, many studies have shown that students often face difficulties in grasping abstract concepts and constructing mathematical proofs deductively. Lestari (2015) found that most students were only able to conduct proofs inductively, while their deductive proof skills remained low due to weak prerequisite knowledge and lack of formal reasoning practice. Meanwhile, Darmadi, Sanusi, and Rifai (2024) explained that students’ difficulties in understanding formal definitions and the structure of real numbers indicate the need for a learning approach that emphasizes conceptual comprehension. This article employs a literature review approach to analyze the application of conceptual approaches in helping beginners understand Real Analysis. The results show that a conceptual approach enhances students’ understanding of the meaning behind mathematical symbols and procedures, helps them build connections among concepts such as limits, continuity, and the real number system, and gradually develops their deductive reasoning skills. Therefore, applying a conceptual approach in Real Analysis learning is an essential strategy to help students achieve deep, logical, and meaningful understanding.

In the digital era, YouTube has become a powerful platform for sharing knowledge, shaping perspectives, and encouraging critical engagement. This study explores how multimodal elements—verbal, visual, and audio—construct meaning in the educational video “Kalau Kamu Mau Punya Critical Thinking, Jangan Skip Obrolan Ini!” from the Suara Berkelas channel. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research interprets how these modes work together to support critical thinking. Data were collected through video observation, transcription, and documentation of multimodal features, then analyzed thematically using Kress and van Leeuwen’s multimodal framework and Facione’s critical thinking model. The findings show that the verbal mode structures logical arguments and rhetorical appeals, the visual mode emphasizes meaning through gestures, expressions, and text overlays, while the audio mode builds emotional engagement through tone, pauses, and background music. Together, these modes create a coherent and persuasive discourse that not only informs but also invites viewers to reflect critically. The study contributes theoretically to the understanding of multimodality in digital education and practically provides insights for educators and content creators to design more interactive, reflective, and engaging educational content.

Digital transformation in higher education demands the sustainable use of Learning Management Systems (LMS). However, most previous studies have predominantly focused on cognitive aspects such as perceived usefulness and user satisfaction, overlooking the motivational dimensions that drive long-term engagement. This study aims to explore how System-Provided Autonomy Support (S-PAS)—the degree of autonomy support embedded within the system—shapes users’ continuance intention to use LMS through psychological need satisfaction and autonomous motivation. Employing an exploratory qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), task-based observations, and critical discourse analysis of institutional policies and system micro-copies across several universities under the coordination of LLDIKTI Region IX Sultanbatara. Thematic analysis revealed that users’ experiences with LMS are influenced by five key dimensions of S-PAS: meaningful choice, rationale provision, non-controlling language, emotional validation, and informational feedback. When the system and policies offer flexibility, empathetic communication, and clear rationales behind instructions, users exhibit higher levels of autonomous motivation and stronger commitment to LMS continuance. Conversely, administrative rigidity, technostress, and opaque surveillance practices undermine psychological need satisfaction and weaken users’ continuance intention. The study extends the application of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to educational technology by introducing S-PAS as a conceptual framework that bridges system design and user motivation. Practically, the findings offer strategic guidance for policymakers and developers to design LMS environments that are more autonomy-supportive, human-centered, and sustainable. Future research is encouraged to quantitatively validate the S-PAS model across diverse institutional and cultural contexts to enhance the generalizability and theoretical robustness of these findings.

This study explores the practice of participatory communication and creative production implemented by the Anggrek Waste Bank along the Ciliwung River as an educational strategy for flood disaster mitigation. The research aims to understand how community-based waste management initiatives can serve as platforms for environmental learning and social empowerment. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this study investigates social dynamics, interaction patterns, and meanings constructed by residents through collaborative waste management and creative production activities. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that participatory communication is manifested not only in formal education, counseling, or campaigns, but also in everyday interactions, creative workshops, and collective community work. Creative products such as recycled crafts, soap made from used cooking oil, and eco enzymes function as symbolic communication media that persuasively convey ecological messages while providing tangible economic benefits. These practices foster a sense of ecological responsibility, strengthen social solidarity, and enhance community resilience to flooding. This study concludes that participatory communication integrated with creative production serves as an effective model for promoting sustainable behavior and community-based flood mitigation in urban environments.

This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality (X1), price (X2), and location (X3) on consumer satisfaction (Y) at UMKM Abon Farda Kediri. The research uses a quantitative approach with both primary and secondary data. The sample consists of 64 respondents, and the data were collected through questionnaires, literature reviews, and documentation. The analytical methods applied include Validity Test, Reliability Test, Classical Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, t-test, F-test, and the Coefficient of Determination test. The results of the analysis show the multiple linear regression equation: Y = 5.464 + 0.297X1 + 0.280X2 + 0.165X3 + e. Based on the t-test, the product quality variable has a t-value of 2.132 with a significance level of 0.037, indicating a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. The price variable has a t-value of 2.284 with a significance level of 0.026, also showing a significant influence. However, the location variable records a t-value of 1.176 with a significance level of 0.244, meaning it does not significantly affect consumer satisfaction. The F-test results show an F-value of 8.223 with a significance level of 0.000, confirming that product quality, price, and location simultaneously have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Therefore, product quality and price play an important role in increasing consumer satisfaction at UMKM Abon Farda Kediri.

Female puppeteers often face various obstacles in their personal and professional development due to the limitations imposed by social constructs, which dictate that female puppeteers must resemble their male counterparts in terms of style, technique, and character. In this context, gender becomes a barrier that hinders women from fully expressing their identity and creativity freely within the world of wayang (traditional Javanese puppetry). As a result, few women dare to develop their personal perspectives and thoughts into artistic works. In fact, women possess great opportunities and significant potential to create and cultivate wayang literature in innovative and meaningful ways. Amidst these challenges and prevailing stereotypes, Nyi Lucia Siti Aminah Subanto remains consistently active in her creative pursuits, particularly in the development of wayang wahyu (a type of Christian-themed wayang). Her distinctive style and artistic approach greatly contribute to her presence in the world of puppetry and radio media. This study examines gender roles, the characteristics of her pakeliran (performance), and her contributions to the Wayang Wahyu community “Ngajab Rahayu,” using theories by Kamla Bhasin, Sunuh, Robbins, and Gibson.

Myopia is an eye refractive disorder in which the light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina, causing long-distance vision to become blurry. This condition is often experienced by teenagers, including students in Islamic boarding schools, due to the habit of reading in close proximity, excessive use of gadgets, and lack of exposure to natural light. The high prevalence of myopia in young age groups needs serious attention so that it does not develop into permanent vision disorders. One of the prevention efforts that can be done is to provide education about myopia, including the definition, causes, prevention, and importance of maintaining eye health and a healthy lifestyle. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of myopia education on improving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of students of the Ta'mirul Islam Islamic Islamic Boarding School in Surakarta. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Paired Sample t-Test, there was a significant improvement in the aspects of knowledge and attitude, although behavioral changes have not shown meaningful results. These findings confirm the importance of continuous education to form healthy behaviors related to the prevention of myopia as a whole.

Bu Sabar Kendal Restaurant is a restaurant with distinctive Javanese cuisine. This study aims to determine the effect of product taste and price on loyalty to RM. Bu Sabar Kendal. The method used in this study is descriptive-quantitative. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling and the number was calculated using the Lemeshow formula because the population was large and the number was variable. Research data was obtained through observation, interviews, and questionnaires filled out by respondents. The data measurement scale used the Likert scale. The data obtained was processed using editing, coding, and tabulation techniques. Hypothesis testing was performed using SPSS software, including validity testing, reliability testing, linear regression analysis, t-testing, F-testing, and the coefficient of determination. The results are as follows: 1) The taste variable (X1) has a high cumulative response value of 84.33%. 2) The cumulative value of the product price variable (X2) is 85.70%, which is in the high category. 3) The loyalty variable (Y) has a cumulative value of 76.63%, which is in the high category. The statistical test results show that the respondents' answers are valid and reliable. The taste variable (X1) has a positive and significant effect on the loyalty variable (Y). This means that if the taste is improved, loyalty will also increase. The product price variable (X2) has a negative and significant effect, meaning that if the product price is lowered, loyalty will increase. The taste variable (X1) and product price variable (X2) together have a simultaneous effect on the loyalty variable (Y). These two variables account for 50.2% of loyalty, while 49.8% is explained by other variables not included in this study.

The study titled “Judges’ Speech Acts in Handling Criminal Cases at the Gorontalo District Court” aims to describe the forms, functions, and meanings of speech acts used by judges in leading court sessions. The introduction emphasizes the importance of language in judicial processes to establish effective, fair, and authoritative communication among judges, defendants, prosecutors, and legal counsels. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a pragmatic approach. Data were collected through direct observation, documentation, and transcription of court proceedings. The analysis is based on Austin and Searle’s speech act theory, which includes locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. The results show that judges use various types of speech acts, such as directive, declarative, representative, and expressive acts. Illocutionary acts, particularly commands, questions, and assertions, are the most dominant. Their functions are not only to direct the course of the trial but also to maintain order, emphasize legal aspects, and clarify understanding among the parties involved. In conclusion, judges’ speech acts serve as strategic communicative tools with pragmatic power that influence the course of the trial and determine the effectiveness and fairness of the judicial process.

This study aims to analyze the influence of work motivation and work ability on employee job satisfaction at the Department of Marine and Fisheries of Bima Regency. The research employed a quantitative approach with an associative type of study. The population consisted of 67 employees, and a sample of 38 civil servants was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26. The validity and reliability tests confirmed that all items were valid and reliable. The results indicate that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, and work ability also shows a positive and significant impact. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence job satisfaction with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.967, meaning that 96.7% of job satisfaction variation is explained by motivation and work ability. These findings confirm that enhancing employee motivation and competence is a strategic factor in improving job satisfaction and performance in public sector organizations.

Sharing love is a form of caring for others, especially for orphans in orphanages. On Friday 20 September 2024, we held a love sharing event by distributing green bean porridge to orphans at the Puteri Melati `Aisyiyah Orphanage in Sebengkok, Tarakan. This event aims to provide simple happiness and strengthen ties between the community and children in orphanages. Social activities such as sharing food are often considered trivial. In fact, for those living in orphanages, healthy and nutritious food is an important need that is sometimes difficult to meet regularly. By distributing green bean porridge, we not only provide nutritional intake that is beneficial for the body, but also provide happiness and new enthusiasm for the children there. This activity is a form of love that they can feel directly, both through the taste of the food they enjoy and through our presence who provides attention and care. Apart from that, green bean porridge has its own meaning in the tradition of sharing in Indonesian society. As a food that is often associated with moments of togetherness and mutual cooperation, green bean porridge is a symbol of simplicity and sincere love. When this porridge is distributed in orphanages, it is not just food, but becomes a symbol of concern from those who care about the welfare of the children there.  Social concern is an attitude of connection with humanity in general, an empathy for every member of the human community, for example female students. Community service is one of the media to hone student awareness in carrying out community service.

This study examines the role of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia (Mahkamah Konstitusi/MK) as a positive legislator through the lens of the living constitution approach, which conceptualizes the constitution as a dynamic and evolving document responding to social and political change. The main problem addressed is the extent to which the MK’s judicial activism in interpreting and even creating new legal norms aligns with constitutional principles, democratic legitimacy, and the balance of powers between the judiciary and the legislature. The objective of the research is to analyze how the MK’s progressive interpretations have transformed it from a negative legislator—which merely annuls unconstitutional laws—into a positive legislator that effectively fills legal gaps and constructs new constitutional meanings. Using a normative juridical method combined with case study analysis, this research explores key constitutional decisions, focusing on cases where the MK extended its interpretive authority beyond mere judicial review. The findings reveal that the MK, through the living constitution approach, justifies its role as a positive legislator by invoking principles of constitutional morality, justice, and responsiveness to societal evolution. However, this judicial creativity also generates tension with legislative supremacy and may risk overstepping the boundaries of judicial function. The synthesis of findings suggests that the MK’s transformation embodies the dynamic interplay between constitutional text and social context, reinforcing the adaptability of Indonesian constitutionalism. The study concludes that while the MK’s position as a positive legislator under the living constitution paradigm strengthens constitutional justice and protects citizens’ rights, it must remain anchored in checks and balances to prevent judicial overreach and preserve democratic legitimacy.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Current Ratio (CR) on Return on Assets (ROA) at PT Sido Muncul Tbk for the period 2019–2023. The research employs a quantitative associative approach using secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial reports. The analytical method applied is multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS version 26. Prior to hypothesis testing, the model was examined using classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation tests. The results show that DER has a positive and significant effect on ROA, indicating that a proportional increase in debt utilization can enhance company profitability. Similarly, CR has a positive and significant effect on ROA, implying that maintaining healthy liquidity strengthens asset efficiency. Simultaneously, DER and CR significantly influence ROA with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.887, meaning that 88.7% of profitability variation is explained by these two variables. These findings confirm that balancing capital structure and liquidity is a key determinant in improving financial performance within Indonesia’s pharmaceutical sector.