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This research was carried out from December 2024 to January 2025. This research aims to: 1). To determine the contribution of tea picking housewives' income to family income in Bermani Ulu District 2). Calculating how much tea picking housewives contribute to family income in Bermani Ulu District 3). To determine the influence of tea picking housewives' income on family income. The methods used in this research are descriptive analysis, income analysis, contribution analysis and simple linear regression analysis. The method for determining respondents in this research uses the sample census method used, namely 15 people. Where samples were taken from all housewives who worked as tea pickers at PT. Agrotea Bukit Daun. The results of the study concluded that there was an influence between the income of tea picking housewives on family income. The income contribution of tea picking housewives at PT Agrotea Bukit Daun is 66%. The life activities of housewives who work as tea pickers at PT Agrotea Bukit Daun show that the average time spent working as a tea picker is 7 hours a day.  

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the income of female traders in the informal sector, specifically at Amlapura Timur Market, Karangasem Regency. The research employs a quantitative associative method using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the effects of age, working hours, capital, business location, and transportation costs on the income of female traders. Data were collected from 93 respondents using purposive sampling. The results show that age, working hours, capital, business location, and transportation costs simultaneously have a significant effect on the income of female traders. Partially, age has a negative effect on income, while working hours, capital, business location, and transportation costs have positive effects. This study provides insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by female traders in traditional markets and offers recommendations for gender- and location-based economic empowerment strategies.  

This research aims to examine the gap in legal protection for domestic workers in Indonesia through an analysis of Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and ILO Convention No. 189 on Decent Work for Domestic Workers. Until now, domestic workers have not been explicitly recognized in national regulations, so their basic rights such as living wages, social security, and humane working hours are often neglected. This condition is exacerbated by the absence of written work contracts, the dominance of informal recruitment, and the view of the community that does not consider domestic workers as formal workers. This article concludes that the ratification of ILO Convention 189 and the passing of the Domestic Workers Protection Bill are strategic steps to strengthen legal protection for domestic workers in Indonesia, which also needs to be supported by labor inspection and comprehensive legal education.

Economic development plays a crucial role in improving community welfare, particularly through the tourism sector and the empowerment of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Bali, as a leading tourist destination, significantly contributes to the regional economy through this sector. Sanur Beach in Denpasar City, which supports Bali's tourism industry, hosts numerous souvenir MSMEs that contribute to local economic activities. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decline in tourist arrivals, adversely affecting the income of souvenir MSME operators. This study aims to analyze the influence of QRIS usage, product variation, and working hours on the income of souvenir MSMEs at Sanur Beach. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 70 MSME operators in the area. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that QRIS usage, product variation, and working hours simultaneously have a significant effect on MSME income. Individually, each of these variables—QRIS usage, product variation, and working hours—positively influences income. This study concludes that digital innovation through QRIS payment systems, product diversification, and extended working hours are key factors in enhancing the income of MSMEs in the tourism sector. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of payment digitalization, improving product appeal, and optimizing operational hours for MSMEs to attract tourists.  

This study aims to analyze the performance of employees at the Dukuh Pakis District Office in Surabaya City in carrying out daily administrative tasks as well as socialization activities with the community. The performance measurement method used refers to the four dimensions of employee performance proposed by Mangkunegara (2004), namely quality of work, discipline in work, initiative, and responsibility. Through observation and interviews, it was found that several obstacles hindered the performance of employees, such as lack of discipline in working hours, mismatch between job descriptions and tasks performed, and low supervision and enforcement of sanctions for violations. Nevertheless, there were good initiatives from some employees and a fairly high level of awareness of their responsibilities. Based on these findings, it is recommended to make improvements in time management, increase supervision and enforcement of discipline, provide training to enhance initiative, and solidify job descriptions to optimize employee performance. It is hoped that with the implementation of these recommendations, the performance of employees at the Dukuh Pakis District Office in Surabaya City can be significantly improved.

The lontar leaf stitching home industry is a micro-enterprise that produces various types of crafts made from lontar leaves, commonly used in traditional and religious ceremonies. This industry plays a significant role in the local economy and cultural preservation. The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the simultaneous effect of capital, raw materials, working hours, and business duration on the income of lontar leaf stitching home industries in Sibetan Village, Karangasem Regency; and (2) to analyze the partial effect of capital, raw materials, working hours, and business duration on the income of these industries. The population of the study consists of all 50 lontar leaf stitching home industries in Sibetan Village. A saturated sampling technique was used, meaning the entire population was taken as the sample. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 26. The results show that capital, raw materials, working hours, and business duration simultaneously have a significant effect on income, accounting for 96.8 percent of the variance. Partially, each of these variables also has a positive and significant effect on income. It is recommended that artisans manage their capital efficiently—including utilizing financing from village credit institutions (LPDs)—select quality raw materials, optimize working hours, and leverage business experience through support from village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) to expand marketing and increase income.

This study aims to analyze the impact of overtime work on physical and mental fatigue of the crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya, by identifying the causal factors and consequences that may arise due to additional working hours. In this study, the researcher will apply a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted by the author on the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya owned by PT Pelayaran Manalagi which is a subsidiary of PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines, with the ship call sign "YBTL2" and a total load capacity of 52201 MT. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of this research data used source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it explains that the Overtime Pattern: The crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya experienced an average of 4.5 hours of overtime per day, with the Engine Department experiencing the highest overtime (an average of 5.2 hours). Overtime most often occurs during loading and unloading at the port (35%) and when facing bad weather (27%), Physical Impact: Continuous overtime causes significant physical impacts in the form of sleep disturbances (80%), back and waist pain (70%), and muscle pain (60%), Mental Impact: As many as 85% of crew experience moderate to severe mental fatigue due to overtime, with the main symptoms being difficulty concentrating (75%), irritability (65%), and decreased decision-making ability (60%). Safety: There is a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82) between the duration of overtime and the frequency of safety incidents. The risk of incidents increases by 28% for every additional 2 hours of overtime, Work Performance: Overtime has an impact on decreased work performance, especially in problem-solving skills (45%), compliance with procedures (41%), and effective communication (37%), Overtime Management: The most effective overtime management strategies are task rotation and fatigue management training, but their implementation is still not optimal. Limited number of personnel and operational demands are the main obstacles in minimizing overtime, Regulatory Compliance: Average working hours of MV ship crew. Keywords: Overtime Work, Physical Fatigue, Mental Crew.

Banjarsari Sub-district is one of the government agencies that has duties and functions in supporting public services, especially population administration services. To realize maximum service, Banjarsari Sub-district presents the “Mlebu Peteng” innovation, namely administrative services at night as a form of adaptation to the needs of people who have limited time during regular working hours. This innovation is an effort to improve service quality by expanding community access to public services. The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of the “Mlebu Peteng” night service at the Surakarta City Banjarsari Sub-district Office and the obstacles experienced during the service process. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the “Mlebu Peteng” innovation has helped the community in obtaining services outside working hours, with the level of community satisfaction reaching 91.77% in 2024. Based on George C. Edward III's policy implementation theory, the success of this innovation is supported by effective communication, adequate resources, positive disposition of officers, and a clear bureaucratic structure. However, there are several obstacles such as the lack of budget for officer incentives, uneven understanding of technology among staff, limited KTP-el recording services and SOPs that do not include mechanisms for handling technical complaints.

Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint among workers due to non-ergonomic work postures and long working hours. PT. Pantjamitra Ichigodjaja has a work environment that poses a risk of neck muscle strain due to static work positions and working hours exceeding 8 hours per day. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of education through leaflet distribution in improving employees' knowledge about neck pain, including its causes, prevention, and management. This research used a descriptive quantitative design with an intervention method in the form of distributing educational leaflets to 50 employees selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through pre-test and post-test using a validated and reliable questionnaire. The results showed an increase in employee knowledge after receiving the leaflet, with the percentage of good knowledge increasing from 20% in the pre-test to 60% in the post-test. The average increase in knowledge score reached 40%, indicating that education through leaflets is effective in improving employees' understanding of neck pain. The conclusion of this study is that education using leaflets can increase employee awareness and knowledge about the importance of ergonomic work posture and muscle stretching to prevent neck pain. The study suggests that the company should continue the education program periodically and improve workplace ergonomics to reduce the risk of neck pain among employees.

This study analyzes the impact of employee welfare on working conditions at PT P, focusing on welfare policies and facilities such as health insurance, employment insurance, on-site clinic services, maternity leave, workload balance, and working hours. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through interviews and direct observation of several employees. The findings show that company-provided welfare positively influences working conditions. Health facilities and work protection increase employees' sense of security and comfort. In addition, fair working hours, sufficient rest time, and attention to both physical and psychological well-being enhance work motivation and employee loyalty. Employees feel appreciated when the company supports work-life balance, leading to a more productive, harmonious, and low-conflict work environment. The study concludes that employee welfare is a key factor in shaping the quality of the workplace. 

Islamic character education aims to continuously shape individual character by fostering the ability to live according to Islamic guidance. This study aims to explore the following aspects: the reinforcement program, the implementation of reinforcement, determining factors in the reinforcement, and the obstacles encountered in strengthening Islamic character education at MA Hidayatul Mubtadiin. This research employs a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and document analysis. The subjects of the study are the supervisor, principal, and teachers. The findings reveal that: (1) The formulated program is not yet complete or detailed, especially regarding budget allocation for teacher training activities. Nevertheless, the program is implemented as effectively as possible by the principal to strengthen Islamic character education; (2) The program is carried out by involving all school personnel; (3) The principal addresses the determining factors in strengthening Islamic character education through proper monitoring of each programmed activity; and (4) The main obstacle faced is the limited availability of funds for teacher training outside of regular working hours.

This study aims to analyze the degree of employee compliance with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) at PT XYZ, especially in the implementation of working hours. The background of this study was based on the findings of a discrepancy between practices in the field and the company's SOP provisions, such as delays in employees entering work and unscheduled return. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation of PT XYZ's employees and HRD. The factors that hinder compliance include lack of personal discipline, distance of residence, lack of supervision, and low understanding of SOPs. Failure to comply with the SOP has resulted in a decline in performance, administrative sanctions, and potential loss of company operations. Research results show that while companies have clear disciplinary enforcement policies and procedures, better strategies are needed to improve employee awareness and discipline in complying with standard operational procedures (SOPs). This study emphasizes the importance of improving SOP understanding through training as well as strengthening supervisory policies to create a work culture that is disciplined and compliant with applicable rules.    

Waste management issues are becoming a serious challenge due to population growth and increasing economic activity. In Kerobokan Village, waste bank are present as an effort for community-based waste management as well as a means of increasing community revenue, although there are differences in the level of revenue between customers The purpose of this study is to examine the simultaneous and partial effects of age, education level, family size, occupation type, waste management knowledge, and working hours on customer revenue from waste bank in Kerobokan Village, Badung Regency. Primary data was used in this research. Using the proportional stratified random sampling technique, the sample of this study was waste bank customer in Kerobokan Village, Badung Regency, comprising 85 respondents. In this study, questionnaires and observation were the methods utilized to collect data. Multiple regression analysis was the data analysis method employed. The study's findings indicated that age, education level, family size, occupation type, waste management knowledge, and working hours simultaneously influenced the customer revenue from waste bank. Partially, education level, family size, occupation type, waste management knowledge, and working hours demonstrated a positive and significant impacy, while age showed a positive but not significant effect on customer revenue from waste bank in Kerobokan Village, Badung Regency.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the economy, particularly in areas like Denpasar City, which serves as a central hub of economic activity in Bali. However, the COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges, severely impacting MSMEs’ net income. Declining purchasing power, mobility restrictions, and economic uncertainty forced business owners to struggle for survival. This highlights the need to understand the factors affecting MSMEs’ income in order to formulate strategic solutions. This study employs a quantitative associative approach to examine the influence between two or more variables. A sample of 100 MSMEs was selected using a proportional stratified random sampling technique based on the distribution of MSMEs across districts and business types. The results show that own capital, pricing, working hours, and access to the People's Business Credit (KUR) significantly affect MSME income in Denpasar City. Own capital is found to be the most dominant factor, followed by pricing and working hours. Access to KUR also plays an important role by providing easier access to additional capital, enabling business expansion and productivity improvement. Furthermore, the study confirms that competitive pricing and effective pricing strategies can enhance competitiveness and increase income. Longer working hours positively influence income by providing more opportunities to serve customers. Overall, access to KUR facilitates capital availability, ultimately supporting MSME growth and income in Denpasar City. Keywords: MSME Income, Denpasar City

This research is titled "The Influence of Working Hours, Income, and Job Protection on the Welfare of Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers (A Study on Grab Drivers in Jambi City)." The objectives of this study are: 1) To explain the effect of working hours on the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 2) To explain the effect of income on the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 3) To explain the effect of job protection on the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 4) To explain the combined effect of working hours, income, and job protection on the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. The research method used by the researcher is a quantitative approach. The results of this study are: 1) From the regression test, it was found that working hours do not have a significant effect on the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 2) From the regression test, it was found that income significantly affects the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 3) From the regression test, it was found that job protection significantly affects the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 4) Simultaneously, working hours, income, and job protection significantly affect the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City.

Work fatigue and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are common health issues among workers in the weaving industry. Fatigue often results from excessive workload, while MSD complaints typically include pain in the back, neck, wrists, elbows, and legs. This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 45 active weavers in Numponi Village. The results showed significant associations between work fatigue and age (p=0.003), work duration (p=0.007), working posture (p=0.002), workload (p=0.014), and working hours (p=0.017), but not with temperature (p=0.561). Similarly, MSD complaints were significantly associated with age (p=0.001), work duration (p=0.003), working posture (p=0.025), workload (p=0.003), and working hours (p=0.002), with no significant link to temperature (p=0.826). It is recommended that weavers apply proper ergonomic principles to reduce the risk of fatigue and MSDs.

The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of parental working hours and family socio-economic conditions on children's cognitive development within Indonesian Muslim households. This research uses data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 4 and 5, employing fixed effect regression methodology with Stata 15.1 software. The study sample includes children from Muslim households aged 7-14 years in IFLS 4 and the same individuals aged 14-22 years in IFLS 5. The findings indicate that father’s working hours have a significant positive effect on children's cognitive development. Higher income from longer working hours enables fathers to meet children's basic needs, such as education and healthcare, which contributes to improving their well-being and cognitive abilities. However, mothers' working hours do not significantly affect children's cognitive development. Socio-economic factors, such as children's education, also have a significant positive impact on their cognitive abilities, while children's employment status has a significant negative impact. Overall, longer fathers' working hours contribute to increased family income, which ultimately supports improved socio-economic conditions and children's cognitive development. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of Muslim families and policy recommendations to support family well-being and education based on Islamic values.

Background: Duration of labor is a key determinant of childbirth outcomes and may influence the mother’s physiological and psychological state. Prolonged labor is often associated with increased maternal fatigue and emotional stress, which can delay the establishment of early maternal-infant bonding during the taking-hold period. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. A total of 80 postpartum women who delivered vaginally at hospitals and maternity clinics were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an observation sheet for labor duration and the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The findings revealed a significant negative correlation between labor duration and maternal-infant bonding scores (r = -0.432; p = 0.002). Mothers who experienced labor longer than 12 hours demonstrated lower emotional closeness with their infants compared to those with shorter labor (<8 hours). Conclusion: Prolonged labor tends to hinder the development of early maternal-infant bonding. Emotional support and midwifery assistance during the labor process are essential to enhance bonding and psychological well-being in the postpartum period.

The performance of UPT PT HMT Batu employees plays a vital role in achieving successful cow milk production. Because whether a company is successful or not is greatly influenced by the performance of its human resources. UPT PT HMT Batu will not be able to run well if it does not have employees who can carry out their duties well. The time and location of the research were carried out from 6 – 27 November 2023 at UPT PT HMT Batu. The research method used is a mixture or combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in one study. The data collection technique was carried out using a Likert scale questionnaire given deliberately to 30 respondents selected using purpose sampling who were UPT PT HMT Batu employees. Research data was analyzed using multiple linear analyses to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The research results show that the independent variables, namely work quality, time discipline, and work experience, influence the success of cow's milk production, and the workload and working hours variables do not significantly influence.

This study is motivated by several problems that: Employee performance is still low, this is due to several factors, namely the quality of work produced is still not good, lack of leadership direction to subordinates, high employee attendance rate and declining work performance. Low employee work motivation, as evidenced by the amount of time spent during working hours that are not used optimally, still low motivation to increase understanding of work duties and responsibilities, as well as motivation to improve skills in terms of work mastery which can help make it easier to carry out work. The promotion of positions at the Ciamis Regency Education Office is considered to have not fulfilled the predetermined procedures. There are still structural positions that are filled by people who do not have a formal education background or are not in accordance with their competence, this is due to the lack of competent human resources in their fields because people with appropriate formal education, ranks and classes have not been able to occupy structural positions so that they are filled by officials with a formal education background that is not their competence. The implementation of rotation is still optimally organized, it can be seen in the reality that the implementation of rotation often occurs in a spoil system. The spoiler system is a rotation program based on family or based on acquaintances or connections. The results of the study inform that: (1) there is a positive influence of rotation on work motivation. This means that if there is an increase in rotation, it will be followed by an increase in work motivation. (2) there is a positive influence of position promotion on work motivation. This means that if there is an increase, it will be followed by an increase in work motivation. (3) there is a positive influence of rotation and promotion of positions on work motivation. This means that rotation and promotion of positions is one part of formal employee development which aims to provide motivation to employees of the Ciamis Regency Education Office. (4) There is a positive influence of work motivation on employee performance. This means that Motivation is closely related to performance or performance. Employees who have high work motivation can improve performance, on the other hand, employees who do not have motivation to work will reduce performance so that the goals of an agency will not be achieved. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method, including data analysis techniques, namely validity test, reliability test of descriptive analysis, verifiable analysis, multiple linear analysis, f test, t test and path analysis.