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Indonesia is known as a megabiodiversity country with high biological wealth, including a variety of medicinal plants that are traditionally used by various ethnic groups. One of them is the Tengger Tribe in Lumajang Regency, East Java, which until now still maintains traditional medicinal practices based on medicinal plants. This study aims to explore and document the types of medicinal plants used by the Tengger people, the parts of the plants used, the content of active compounds, efficacy, and pharmacological mechanisms of action based on scientific data. The method used is a literature study by searching for scientific articles through Google Scholar and PubMed in the period 2010–2024. The results of the exploration found at least 15 types of medicinal plants that are often used by the Tengger people, including Eucalyptus globulus, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, and Psidium guajava. These plants have active compounds such as eucalyptol, curcumin, gingerol, and quercetin which work through anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant mechanisms. Some of them have been tested preclinically and clinically to support their traditional efficacy. This study emphasizes the importance of scientific documentation and validation of local ethnobotanical knowledge as a basis for the development of phytopharmaceuticals and the preservation of traditional Indonesian health culture.

The aim is to assess the effectiveness of traditional hide and seek games in early childhood and elementary school. This study utilizes literature research methods. Play is essential for children, as every child desires to play continuously because it helps them relax and alleviate stress. There are numerous games played outside the home that can enhance children's social and emotional development, such as traditional games like hide and seek. Character values embedded in the traditional game of hide and seek include: a) Religious. Religious values are evident when children pray together before playing. b) Sport sman ship and Honesty. Sport sman shipis demons trate dwhen player sad heret oth eagreed - uponrules and exhibit honesty while being guards. c) Love for the Motherland. Preserving Indonesian culture showcases children's love for the Republic of Indonesia. d) Being friendly/communicative. Communication during a game is crucial to avoid misunderstandings among players. e) Accuracy. Players need to be accurate in finding hiding spots that are challenging for the guards to discover and in determining the rightmomenttotouchthebase.f)Independence and diligencein the game ofhideand seek. g)Democratic. Democratic values are evident when players show respect and consideration for each other despite their differences. h) Responsibility. The value of responsibility is demonstrated by players searching for hiding spots and guards being prepared to find their friends and protect the base. i) Compliance. The value of compliance is observed when all players agree to certain rules before commencing the game

The purpose of this study is to determine the trends and developments in corporate tax avoidance studies using a mixed method approach. This method includes a quantitative approach in bibliographic analysis and literature review. Data were collected through searching national and international journals indexed in Emerald, Springer, and Scopus by referring to relevant publications. Data analysis includes: (1) mapping trends and developments in corporate tax avoidance research with Vosviewer software based on bibliographic studies; and (2) identifying trends and issues in corporate tax avoidance through literature review. The results of the Vosviewer analysis found five large groups with 40 main topics after selection. All topics are explained comprehensively through a literature review. This study provides a comprehensive picture of themes that are often studied in previous literature, thus becoming a reference for further research.

This study examines the construction of adolescent identity in Falistiyana's novel Argantara through a sociological literary approach. Adolescent identity is the result of a process of searching for identity that takes place during the transition to adulthood and is greatly influenced by social factors, such as family, school, peers, and community norms. The Argantara novel depicts the complexity of adolescent life through its characters who experience social pressure in various forms, ranging from family expectations, social competition in the school environment, to stigma against differences in social background. This study found that social pressure is a significant factor in shaping and often limiting the expression of adolescent identity. However, the characters in the novel also show various resistance strategies, such as symbolic rebellion, selective adaptation, and the search for meaning through emotional relationships. Using Erikson's identity theory and Pierre Bourdieu's habitus concept, this study concludes that adolescent identity in Argantara is formed through the dialectic between social structure and individual agency. Literature, in this context, not only reflects the social reality of adolescents, but also becomes a medium to criticize the social pressures faced by the younger generation.

Corruption is one of the serious problems that hinders development and public welfare throughout Indonesia, including in the Pamona sub-district area. One of the efforts to prevent corruption is to start early through education and socialization that discusses the values of integrity, honesty and responsibility to all levels of society so that they will be aware of the dangers of anti-corruption and behave anti-corruption from an early age. In fact, corruption has actually occurred from the simplest things to more complex things. The purpose of this study is to increase public understanding of the dangers and impacts of corruption in social life. This study uses a quantitative approach method. The method used is internet searching, a method of collecting data in research conducted by searching for information on the internet through search engines. The results of this study indicate that this activity strengthens the culture of anti-corruption and builds collective awareness to create a clean and integrated village government environment.

Corruption is one of the serious problems that hinders development and public welfare throughout Indonesia, including in the Pamona sub-district area. One of the efforts to prevent corruption is to start early through education and socialization that discusses the values of integrity, honesty and responsibility to all levels of society so that they will be aware of the dangers of anti-corruption and behave anti-corruption from an early age. In fact, corruption has actually occurred from the simplest things to more complex things. The purpose of this study is to increase public understanding of the dangers and impacts of corruption in social life. This study uses a quantitative approach method. The method used is internet searching, a method of collecting data in research conducted by searching for information on the internet through search engines. The results of this study indicate that this activity strengthens the culture of anti-corruption and builds collective awareness to create a clean and integrated village government environment.

Burns are tissue damage or loss that occurs due to direct exposure to heat sources such as fire, hot liquids or fats, hot steam, radiation, electricity, or chemicals. The process of healing burns is a complex and long-lasting process and involves a repair process that depends on the immune system, there are three stages, namely: inflammation, formation of granulation tissue (proliferation), and remodeling (which can result in scarring). Research objectives and methods to determine the role of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in the burn wound healing process by searching both international and national literature using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Elsevier. Based on the results of a literature study from several journals, 3 research journals were obtained that discussed several plants that contain substances that can act as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in the process of healing burns. The following are the results of screening of the journals, including betel leaves (Piper betleLinn.), Aloe Vera (Aloe Vera), Binahong Leaves (Anredera Cordifolia Tenn) have phenolic compounds contained in them, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, essential oils, saponins, monoterpenes, polyphenols, and steroids that have the potential as antioxidants, antibacterials, anti-have very good effects in the advanced phase, proliferation phase and remodeling phase which play an important role in reducing, shortening, changing the size of the wound edge distance and accelerating wound healing. Based on the results of the review of these journals, it proves the role of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in the process of healing burns.

Stunting is a failure to achieve physical development measured by weight for age. The limitation of stunting is height according to age based on Z-score equal to or less than -2SD (Standard Deviation) below the standard average. In 2005 - 2011 Indonesia ranked fifth with the highest prevalence of stunting. The purpose this study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months. This study used a literature review method conducted by searching for relevant journals trough Google Scholar, Garuda, PubMed and DOAJ database. Inclusion criteria for reviewing the content of references in English and Indonesia publish in the last ten years. Research result from various literatures show that research finding from various sources indicate that the factor influencing stunting toddler aged 24-59 months include maternal knowledge, exclusive breastfeeding, and disease history.

The profession of bank employees is an honorable one and carries great responsibility in maintaining the stability of the financial system and public trust. In carrying out their duties, bank employees are subject to legal protections and strict banking codes of ethics. However, in reality, violations of the code of ethics do sometimes occur, caused by various factors ranging from weak internal supervision to a lack of understanding of professional ethics itself. Therefore, this research aims to examine in depth the conceptualization of professional ethics for bank employees. The research method used is library research and internet searching. Data collection techniques were carried out by reviewing various sources of information, such as legal books, scientific journals, legislation, and other credible sources relevant to the issues studied. The results of the study indicate that the code of ethics for bank employees is a set of moral principles that serves as the foundation of personal integrity and professional behavior.

Library Management in Efforts to Improve Students’ Literacy Skills at SMK Negeri 2 Panyabungan, aims to examine library management, students’ literacy abilities, and the supporting and inhibiting factors in enhancing literacy. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected from librarians, students, the principal, and teachers. The findings show that library management consists of planning (goal setting, forming a literacy team, and planning programs such as morning assemblies), implementation (reading before lessons and searching for additional materials in the library), and evaluation (monitoring library visits, book loans, and the book collection). Students' literacy skills are considered good, as demonstrated through morning assembly activities, reading before classes, and active participation. Supporting factors include well-organized book collections, adequate facilities, and collaboration between the school administration, teachers, and librarians. On the other hand, inhibiting factors include poorly managed library visitation schedules, limited technological facilities, and an insufficient number of computers compared to the number of students. The study concludes that effective library management plays a significant role in improving students’ literacy, although further support is needed to overcome existing challenges.

This research presents the basic concept of learning interaction, especially in the Indonesian classroom. A literature review is a technique used in this study. The data collection technique was carried out by searching for library sources based on the outline topic, grouping library sources based on relevance to the subject and year of the research, then sequencing the structure of explanations and comparing interrelated data. The data is then analyzed through 3 steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study explained that in general the interaction is divided into three patterns, (1) one-way patterns, (2) two-way patterns, and (3) multi-directional patterns. All three are needed in the learning process. However, what should be more dominant is the multi-directional pattern. In language classes, especially Indonesian interactions, learning interaction aims to develop four aspects of language skills, namely (1) listening, (2) speaking, (3) reading and (4) writing. Each aspect of skill has its pattern, technique/method. In addition, teacher and student activities during learning can be classified into seven categories of interactions known as the Brown Interaction Analysis System (BIAS).    

Archives management plays a crucial role in ensuring the accountability of an organization, as proper management of archives can enhance transparency and operational effectiveness. Based on observations made at the Maluku Province Regional Library and Archives Office, several issues were identified within the current archiving system. One of the key problems is the lack of knowledge about proper archives management, which causes significant barriers during the archiving process. The office employs two archivists with high school and diploma (D3) education backgrounds. Although they have attended archives management training, the current system remains ineffective, which in turn affects work efficiency, particularly in the process of searching for archives. In many instances, the required archives are either difficult to locate or entirely missing. This study aims to assess the impact of archives management on work efficiency at the Maluku Province Regional Library and Archives Office. The research employs quantitative analysis with a sample size of 42 employees. Data were collected through a survey method, using a questionnaire to capture relevant information from the participants. Simple linear regression analysis conducted using SPSS 24 revealed that archives management accounts for 35% of the variance in work efficiency, while the remaining 65% is influenced by other factors. The findings suggest that effective archives management has a positive and significant impact on employee work efficiency. Based on the results, several practical implications are suggested: (1) the current archiving system should be maintained and improved for better performance, (2) training and development programs should be implemented to enhance the skills of archivists, (3) archivists should be equipped with specialized skills in archives management to improve overall efficiency, and (4) ongoing coaching and mentorship for archivists should be provided to ensure continuous improvement.

Gender identity is part of human existence in society. In Indonesia, the diversity of gender identities other than male and female, such as waria (male and female), often causes social and cultural debates. Waria are a group that are biologically born as men but express themselves as women, both in appearance and behavior. The acceptance of waria in society is not uniform. On the one hand, some people show a tolerant attitude, especially in urban areas that are more open to diversity. On the other hand, negative stigmas against waria are still widely found, which are affected by their limited access to education, work, health services, and public spaces in general. This study uses a qualitative research type. The subjects of this study are waria in Jember City. In this study, researchers use qualitative methods in collecting data by conducting direct observations to obtain data by writing, recording and explaining what is happening to get the right information. In this study, the phenomenological method was also used by searching for data through face-to-face interviews with informants and meeting the agreed informants.

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in society. One of the risk factors for hypertension is coffee consumption which is characterized by the emergence of many outlets or coffee shops and is influenced by massive cultural shifts. Objectives: Writing this literature review aims to determine the effect of coffee consumption on increasing blood pressure based on the results of previous studies. Methods: In the preparation of this article using the literature review method from searching articles through electronic databases published in the last 10 years. Results: From the results of the literature review conducted, it shows that there are two conditions where coffee consumption can have an effect on increasing blood pressure and coffee consumption has no effect on increasing blood pressure. Conclusion: Coffee consumption can have an effect on increasing blood pressure due to the presence of caffeine which has antagonistic properties against endogenous adenosine and can stimulate sympathetic nerves. However, coffee also contains micronutrient compounds to provide protective effects against hypertension, such as polyphenols, magnesium, potassium, niacin, and vitamin E. Further research using experimental methods so that clear evidence is obtained from previous studies.

This research aims to develop an interactive web dashboard to support data analysis for vending machine sales. The dashboard is designed to facilitate the management of large datasets through intuitive visualizations and interactive features such as filtering, searching, and pagination. The development process involves several stages, including data collection, data cleaning, analysis, visualization, web design, implementation, and deployment using GitHub Pages. Technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Chart.js, and Grid.js are utilized to ensure efficiency and accessibility. The results of the research show that the dashboard effectively presents key information, such as sales trends, best-selling products, and payment method preferences, thereby supporting more accurate and data-driven strategic decision-making. However, the research has limitations in integrating predictive analytics. Future development is recommended to include predictive algorithms and test system performance on large-scale data. This solution is expected to contribute significantly to optimizing vending machine management and serve as a development model for similar applications in other business sectors.

Regardless of ethnicity, gender, or social standing, poverty and injustice are twain plaques that are ruining lives and undermining the core of existence, according to the examiner. As a result of the unimaginable devastation, world leaders and As societal systems are being exhausted, policymakers are searching for solutions; mobility rates have increased, and the discourse surrounding income distribution is tainted. While other nations who are severely overburdened are struggling to understand the realities of these economic thunderbolts, others that have recognized these terrible patterns are formulating plans to counter the escalating threat. The purpose of the study is to look into the causes and antecedent effects of poverty on the Nigerian economy because, in spite of the admirable efforts made by the federal, state, and local governments to reduce and eradicate poverty, the nation is still plagued by widespread poverty and issues with property and life insecurity, endangering the nation's ability to remain an indivisible whole. Although there are more than a billion people in Africa, Nearly half of the population is impoverished and at risk, and this number is still rising (World Population Review, 2014). With a population of more than 170 million, Nigeria is battling not only poverty but also a host of other problems, such as a lack of capable leaders, corruption, deteriorating infrastructure, and problems with nutrition and health. In order to gather data, the study used a descriptive technique with questionnaires; 80 questionnaires were recovered and 120 were randomly dispersed to the respondents. According to the findings, poverty has increased, which has resulted in incidents like armed robberies, prostitution, bombings, and insecurity of life and property. The document makes several recommendations, including that the government develop workable programs and give young people the tools they need to become self-sufficient.

The need for an efficient system to manage academic works in digital format is growing in universities, including at Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara (UINSU). Despite previous developments in digital repository systems, many academic institutions, including UINSU, still face challenges related to data management, security, and accessibility. This study aims to develop a web-based repository system for UINSU using the Waterfall method, to improve the storage, management, and accessibility of academic resources. A structured quantitative approach was adopted, focusing on the development and implementation of the repository system. The Waterfall methodology was chosen due to its step-by-step approach, ensuring a thorough and organized development process. The implementation of the system resulted in an organized, user-friendly platform where students, faculty, and staff can upload, manage, and access academic documents efficiently. The system features a clear interface for searching, uploading, and managing documents, with administrative controls for approving and maintaining submissions. The repository system significantly improves data management at UINSU, providing a long-term solution for archiving academic work. Continuous evaluation and system upgrades are essential to ensure it adapts to future needs and technological advancements.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between human resource management, training, and motivation in increasing sales in the retail sector. This study uses a qualitative approach with a Case Study method in 5 Retail Stores in West Nabire District, Nabire Regency, Central Papua Province. The research location is in Nabire District, Nabire Regency, Central Papua Province which was conducted for 1 month, namely from February to March 2025. The method of collecting informants was carried out using the Snowball method and obtained informants as many as 72 store employees from 5 retail stores. The data collection technique was carried out using the Triangulation method, namely Observation, Interviews, and Documentation. Data analysis was carried out by organizing data, sorting into one manageable data, synthesizing, searching and finding patterns, finding important things that can be learned, and systematically compiling data obtained from interviews, field notes, and research documentation conducted. The results of the study show that: (a). The average level of employee education is high school. (b). Employee motivation in increasing sales in the retail business is not always influenced by training factors. (c). Employee motivation to increase sales depends on employee comfort in the workplace (environment, bonuses, incentives, and fairness in employee performance appraisals).

The authors of the article have chosen a company acting as an agent for a container shipping line because the company seeks to decrease its service failures and reduce the chaotic nature of its activities by systematizing them from a scientific point of view and refining its operations at the managerial level. Employees of the company are responsible for activities such as a search for customers, price offers, contacting clients, the conclusion of contracts, coordination of cargo transportation, document control, invoicing and payment control. Proper execution of these operations ensures the quality of services provided by the container line agent. The learning organization concept, situational management theory and total quality management theory are applicable to the management of the personnel activity process in the line. In terms of management functions, planning is more suitable for activities such as searching for customers, price offers, conclusion of contracts and invoicing; organizing is more required when searching for customers, contacting them and concluding contracts; leading is more suitable for activities such as contact with clients, conclusion of contracts and payment control; control is more required when contacting customers, coordinating cargo transportation, invoicing and controlling payment. A conceptual approach that theoretically reveals the principles and possibilities of the company’s activities in the container shipping line can serve as the basis for future empirical research to identify problems in its personnel activity management.

The aim of this research is to get a clear picture of the meaning of each tradition that is still carried out by the Al-Ikhlas prayer room in Kasemen until now.  The explanation of this research is to describe the meaning and motive for implementing Qunutan in the Al-ikhlas prayer room. This research uses functional structure research methods.  The results of this research show the meaning of the Qunutan tradition in the Al Ikhlas prayer room, namely as a very special form of time to pray and ask for forgiveness and blessings from Allah SWT.  Qunut in the month of Ramadan is usually related to prayers performed on the night of Lailatul Qadar, one of the most special nights in the month of Ramadan, as it involves participation in joint religious activities such as evening prayers, reading the Koran, and praying.  Many people also do good deeds, such as giving alms or doing good to others, and guidance from Allah.  During the last 10 nights of Ramadan, especially in searching for Laylatul Qadar, the Kasemen people often strengthen the practice of qunut as part of their intensive worship.  The practice of qunut in the month of Ramadan is an important part of Muslims’ efforts to get closer to Allah and obtain blessings in the holy month of Ramadan which is considered full of grace.