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Dental caries is one of the most common oral health problems among young children. Preschool-aged children are highly dependent on their parents, especially mothers, for dental health care. A mother's level of knowledge is expected to influence the incidence of caries in children. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries among children at Qalby Play School, Bogor Regency. Method: This research employed a cross-sectional design with an analytic survey approach. The population consisted of all mothers and their children at Qalby Play School, totaling 30 participants, selected using total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess maternal knowledge and odontogram sheets to measure caries incidence. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. Result: The results showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries in children, with a p-value 0,047 < 0,05. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries in children. Therefore, it is important for parents, especially mothers, to pay close attention to their children's oral health by ensuring proper and regular tooth brushing and scheduling dental check- ups every six months.

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by deviation in attitudes, thoughts and behaviors, and can cause positive and negative symptoms. One of the most frequently occurring negative symptoms is social withdrawal, which leads to the problem of Social Isolation: Withdrawal. Social isolation is a condition that causes individuals to experience a decline or even inability to interact with others and their environment. The purpose of this case study was to apply nursing care to patients with social isolation: withdrawal due to undifferentiated schizophrenia in Gatotkaca Ward of RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo, Central Java Province. This scientific paper was written using a descriptive method in the form of a case study through the nursing process approach. Data collection methods used were interview, observation, documentation study, and literature study. Nursing diagnoses that emerged in the patient with Social Isolation: Withdrawal were Social Isolation as the Core Problem, Low Self-Esteem as the Cause, Risk of Hallucination as the Effect, and Self-Care Deficit as a concurrent problem. Interventions were only carried out on Social Isolation and Self-Care Deficit problems, consisting of SP 1 through SP 3 for Social Isolation and SP 2 for Self-Care Deficit: Grooming. After nursing implementation for 4 days, of the 4 nursing diagnoses that emerged, only 2 nursing diagnoses were intervened, namely Social Isolation and Self-Care Deficit. SP 1 through SP 3 for Social Isolation and SP2 for Self-Care Deficit: Grooming were competently achieved. This indicates that the goals of the Implementation Strategy provided were achieved cognitively, affectively, and psychomotorically.

The urgency of this research stems from the knowledge gap regarding contextual factors contributing to the underuse of learning media in rural elementary schools, which has not been adequately addressed in previous research, which has tended to focus on urban contexts. This study aims to examine teachers' perceptions at Sugayang Public Elementary School regarding the underuse of learning media in the learning process, as well as the factors that contribute to it. The method used was a descriptive qualitative method, utilizing in-depth interviews as a data collection technique. The data were then analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques according to Miles and Huberman. The results showed that teachers experienced difficulties in using technology, difficulties in creating learning media, and the perception that using media was time-consuming. This reveals an important pattern that the underuse of learning media is a systematic problem rooted in the TPACK gap that is not supported by practical time management solutions. These findings imply that changes in learning practices will not occur simply through the provision of generic technology tools or training; rather, bottom-up and contextual solutions are needed. The novelty of this research lies in the in-depth qualitative approach applied to the under-researched context of rural elementary schools, which has not been studied before. This research contributes through recommendations for the implementation of a peer-mentoring program and the development of a ready-to-use digital learning media bank, thus offering valuable insights for future research with relevant stakeholders.

The physical work environment in the Aerosol Production Department of PT XYZ experienced problems related to excessive room temperatures reaching 37.3°C and chemical odor pollution caused by vapor recirculation from the coating oven process. These conditions potentially reduced operator comfort and concentration. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Kaizen approach through the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle in controlling production room temperature and improving air quality. A quantitative descriptive method with an Action Research approach was employed. Problem identification and root cause analysis were conducted using the 7 QC Tools, particularly the Pareto Diagram and Fishbone Diagram. Improvement actions included the installation of turbine ventilators, aluminum foil roof insulation, and a 3-meter vertical exhaust ducting system. The results showed that the average room temperature decreased from 34.6°C to 27.4°C, representing a reduction of 7.2°C, while the peak daytime temperature decreased by 8.7°C and met the established threshold limit value. In addition, chemical odor pollution was completely eliminated. Therefore, the Kaizen-PDCA approach proved effective in improving the physical work environment sustainably.

The rapid expansion of social media has intensified the phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), a form of anxiety arising from the perception that others are experiencing more rewarding lives. With more than 5.17 billion active social media users worldwide in 2024, including Indonesians who spend over three hours daily on social media, FOMO has become an increasingly prevalent psychological and social issue. This study employs a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review to examine the relationship between social media use, FOMO, and psychological well-being, while exploring its spiritual dimensions from an Islamic perspective. The analysis draws on Social Comparison Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and Islamic psychospiritual concepts, particularly qana'ah (contentment) as articulated by Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. The findings indicate that FOMO is strongly influenced by social comparison, declining self-esteem, and compulsive engagement with digital platforms, all of which contradict Islamic values such as qana'ah, tawakkul (reliance on God), shukr (gratitude), and zuhd (detachment from excessive worldly attachment). The study argues that FOMO should be understood not only as a psychological problem but also as a spiritual challenge resulting from the erosion of inner contentment. To address this issue, the study proposes integrating evidence-based digital well-being strategies with Islamic spiritual practices, including mindful dhikr, structured digital detox, and gratitude cultivation. This research contributes to the growing field of Islamic digital psychology by offering an integrative framework for promoting psychological resilience and spiritual well-being in Muslim communities.

Vomitus is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth, commonly occurring in children as a clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal diseases. Based on medical records of RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency, vomitus cases increased to 355 cases in 2025. Therefore, comprehensive nursing care is needed to address problems arising from vomiting in children. This study used a descriptive method in the form of a case study through a nursing process approach, aimed at describing nursing care for a pediatric patient with vomitus. Three nursing diagnoses were identified in An. A with vomitus: Nausea related to gastric irritation/stimulation of the vomiting center, Risk of Fluid Imbalance related to repeated vomiting, and Knowledge Deficit related to lack of information exposure. Nursing interventions provided included Vomiting Management, Fluid Management, and Health Education. After three days of nursing implementation, all three nursing diagnoses were resolved, marked by the disappearance of nausea, improved appetite, normal hydration status (moist mucosa, good skin turgor, pulse 88x/minute), and the patient's mother and patient being able to understand and re-explain health education material about vomitus.

Vandalism is a social problem affecting public space quality, urban aesthetics, and the effectiveness of public facilities utilization. Karawang Regency, as a developing industrial area, faces challenges related to increasing acts of vandalism targeting public facilities, open spaces, and government and private assets. This study aims to analyze preventive efforts carried out by the Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) of Karawang Regency using J. Salusu’s public sector strategic management perspective. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving Satpol PP officers and public facility users. Data analysis consisted of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing with source, technique, and time triangulation. The findings indicate that preventive strategies have been implemented through four strategic management phases. In the identification phase, Satpol PP recognized vandalism patterns but lacked systematic mapping of vulnerable locations. In the development phase, institutional strengths existed alongside limitations in resources and innovation. In the resolution phase, strategies focused on socialization, routine patrols, and cross-sector collaboration. In implementation and evaluation, preventive programs operated adaptively but still encountered limitations in personnel capacity and public participation. Strengthening technology utilization, human resources, and collaborative governance is necessary to improve long-term preventive effectiveness.

Diesel engines are widely used in the transportation and industrial sectors due to their high thermal efficiency and good operational durability. However, increased fuel consumption due to inefficiency of the injection system remains a common problem. Injector characteristics, particularly nozzle diameter and injection pressure, are important factors that affect the quality of fuel atomization, air-fuel mixing, and combustion efficiency. An inappropriate combination of parameters can cause suboptimal combustion and increase fuel consumption. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in nozzle diameter and injection pressure on fuel consumption efficiency in diesel engines. The method used is an experiment with variations in nozzle diameter of 0.150 mm, 0.152 mm, and 0.154 mm and injection pressures of 400 bar, 420 bar, and 440 bar. Tests were conducted at engine speeds of 500 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 1500 rpm with a fuel consumption measurement time of one minute for each parameter combination. Fuel consumption was measured using the volumetric method and analyzed through the fuel volumetric flow rate, fuel mass flow rate, Brake Power (BP), and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). The results showed that the combination of a nozzle diameter of 0.150 mm and an injection pressure of 400 bar produced the lowest BSFC value, thus providing the best fuel consumption efficiency. Meanwhile, the combination of a nozzle diameter of 0.152 mm and an injection pressure of 420 bar showed the closest condition to optimal because it was able to provide a balance between atomization quality and the amount of fuel injected, resulting in efficient and stable combustion. Thus, the efficiency of a diesel engine is influenced by the balance of nozzle size and injection pressure, not solely by the lowest fuel consumption.

Nutritional problems among adolescents are increasingly associated with unhealthy dietary habits and low physical activity, contributing to the rising prevalence of overweight. According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, overweight prevalence among adolescents ranges from 12% to 16.2%. This study aimed to develop Zea Coffee Tab, a functional beverage made from Robusta coffee and corn silk containing bioactive compounds, including caffeine and flavonoids, which may support metabolism and body fat oxidation. An experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed. The evaluated parameters included organoleptic tests (hedonic and hedonic quality) involving 30 semi-trained panelists, proximate analysis, and identification of bioactive compounds. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, One-Way ANOVA, and Duncan’s multiple range tests. Three formulations were tested: F1 (30% Robusta coffee:70% corn silk), F2 (50%:50%), and F3 (70%:30%). The findings showed that F3 was the most preferred formulation, with an acceptance score categorized as “very much liked.” The product contained energy ranging from 319.20–324.26 kcal/100 g, protein 5.12–5.34%, fat 0.48–0.58%, carbohydrates 73.85–74.51%, moisture 9.12–9.66%, ash 2.10–2.32%, caffeine 182.45–205.86 mg/100 g, and flavonoids 4.28–6.03 mg/100 g. Zea Coffee Tab has the potential to serve as a healthy functional beverage for overweight adolescents. Further studies on shelf life and clinical effectiveness are recommended to support product commercialization.

Cognitive development is an important aspect of early childhood growth because it forms the foundation for children’s abilities to think, remember, understand concepts, solve problems, and make decisions. Early childhood is often referred to as the golden age since development occurs very rapidly during this period, requiring appropriate stimulation from the surrounding environment, particularly the family. In this context, parents play a crucial role through the parenting styles they apply in daily life. This study aims to examine the relationship between parenting styles and early childhood cognitive development based on findings from previous research. The method used is a narrative review by analyzing relevant scholarly articles published between 2020 and 2026. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were then analyzed descriptively to identify the relationship between parenting styles and children’s cognitive development. The results of the review of 15 selected articles indicate that there is a significant relationship between parenting styles and early childhood cognitive development. Authoritative parenting emerged as the most consistently positive style, characterized by effective communication, emotional support, balanced supervision, and opportunities for children to develop independent thinking skills. Other factors, such as parents’ educational level, involvement in children’s learning activities, and a supportive learning environment, also contribute to cognitive development. In conclusion, authoritative parenting is considered the most effective approach in supporting optimal cognitive development in early childhood.

Permasalahan Rute Kendaraan (Vehicle Routing Problem) bertujuan untuk meminimalkan biaya transportasi. Rute adalah serangkaian urutan dari depo menuju beberapa pelanggan kemudian kembali lagi ke depo. Adapun permasalahan normalnya dimodelkan dalam bentuk graf dengan bobot. Karena setiap ruas jalan memiliki jarak/biaya yang harus dikeluarkan ketika menempuh ruas tersebut maka diperlukan penyelesaian agar meminimalkan biaya transportasi ketika menempuh ruas-ruas jalan tersebut dengan tetap melayani semua pelanggan yang ada. Penelitian ini mengembangkan algoritma metaheuristik, khususnya algoritma genetika yang diimprovisasi dengan Route-Based Crossover dan 2-opt untuk meminimalkan total jarak pengiriman. Hasilnya menunjukkan solusi yang 3% lebih buruk dibandingkan algoritma koloni semut, namun 7% lebih baik daripada pencarian tabu.

Correctional institutions impose sustained psychological burdens on inmates, including social isolation, fractured family bonds, and disrupted identity development, which collectively heighten the risk of mental health deterioration. Unlike preventive psychoeducational approaches, group counseling operates as a curative, therapeutically structured service that enables participants to process shared difficulties through interpersonal dynamics. This community service study implemented group counseling within a Participatory Action Research (PAR) framework involving 50 early adult inmates at Lapas Kelas III Rangkasbitung. PAR was operationalized as an implementation framework in which each counseling cluster cycle followed the Plan-Act-Observe-Reflect sequence, enabling iterative refinement of therapeutic content. Pre-service needs assessment using the Alat Ungkap Masalah (AUM) Umum Masyarakat instrument identified dominant problems in family relations (13.33%), personal self (12.97%), and social relations (10.76%). Group counseling was conducted across three thematic clusters. Program evaluation revealed improvements in social interaction, self-acceptance, and emotional regulation among participants, with the PAR reflective cycle enabling context responsive adaptation of each session. These findings affirm that PAR-grounded group counseling constitutes a contextually adaptive model for psychosocial rehabilitation in correctional settings.

Background: Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental disorder that can affect thinking, perception, feelings, and behavior. Patients with undifferentiated schizophrenia are at risk of experiencing the nursing problem of risk of violent behavior (RPK) due to their inability to control emotions and anger. Based on data from the medical records of RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo, Central Java Province, from August to October 2025, the risk of violent behavior was the highest nursing diagnosis in the Gatotkaca Ward, reaching 56.5%–77% of all inpatients. Objective: To perform nursing care on Tn. K with the main problem of risk of violent behavior due to undifferentiated schizophrenia at RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo, Central Java Province. Methods: This study used a descriptive method with a nursing process approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, documentation studies, and literature review. Nursing care was provided from November 18 to 22, 2025. Results: Assessment findings on Tn. K (19 years old) with undifferentiated schizophrenia and a history of physical abuse, parental rejection, and family violence revealed four nursing problems: risk of violent behavior (core problem), sensory perceptual disorder: auditory and visual hallucinations, self-concept disorder: low self-esteem, and self-care deficit. Implementation was carried out through nursing strategies (SP) 1 to 4 for risk of violent behavior (physical, medication, verbal, and spiritual control), SP 1 and SP 3 for self-care deficit, and SP 1 to SP 2 for sensory perceptual disorder: hallucinations. All implementation stages were optimally achieved. Conclusion: Nursing evaluation showed that the client was able to achieve cognitive, affective, and psychomotor goals in all implemented SPs. Collaboration with ward nurses was carried out to continue SP 3 and SP 4 for hallucinations and the entire low self-esteem intervention due to time constraints.

Stunting is a multifactorial public health problem influenced by various risk factors that may emerge during the prenatal period. Early identification of stunting risk during pregnancy is important to support preventive interventions. This study aimed to develop a stunting risk prediction model based on maternal prenatal factors using the Random Forest algorithm. Secondary data from 172 pregnant women, consisting of 83 stunting cases and 89 non-stunting cases, were analyzed. The predictor variables included maternal age during pregnancy, height, hemoglobin level, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), smoking history, hypertension, asthma, and diabetes mellitus. The research stages consisted of data preprocessing, model training using Stratified 5-Fold Cross Validation, performance evaluation, external testing, and feature importance analysis. Internal evaluation results showed an accuracy of 60%, precision of 60.6%, recall of 57.3%, F1-score of 58.9%, and AUC of 0.6688. External testing yielded an accuracy of 70% and an AUC of 0.6167. Feature importance analysis identified maternal age during pregnancy as the most influential variable in the prediction process. The findings indicate that maternal prenatal factors have potential for early stunting risk identification, although the predictive performance remains moderate. This approach may serve as a foundation for developing early screening tools to support targeted interventions among high-risk pregnancies.

Judicial digital transformation through the implementation of e-Court and e-Litigation represents a strategic initiative of the Supreme Court of Indonesia to establish a modern, effective, and efficient judiciary. These innovations have successfully transformed various stages of civil case administration and litigation into faster and more transparent processes. However, the success of digitalization in case examination has not been accompanied by similar reforms in the execution of court judgments. This study aims to analyze the regulation of civil judgment execution following the implementation of e-Court and e-Litigation, identify challenges encountered in practice, and formulate a concept of execution digitalization as part of judicial reform. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The legal materials consist of primary legal sources in the form of legislation and Supreme Court regulations, as well as secondary legal sources including scholarly literature and previous studies. The findings reveal that although e-Court and e-Litigation have accelerated dispute resolution processes, the execution of civil judgments remains largely conventional. Consequently, several challenges persist, including delays in execution, lack of transparency, and limited supervision by litigating parties. Therefore, the development of an integrated Digital Execution System linked to existing electronic judicial platforms is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of judgment enforcement and ensure greater legal certainty for justice seekers.

Nutritional problems among school-age children remain an important challenge in human resource development in Indonesia. Adequate nutritional status is essential for supporting physical growth, cognitive development, learning achievement, and future productivity. Schools play a strategic role in promoting children's health through nutritional monitoring and educational interventions, particularly during the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG). This community service activity aimed to monitor students’ nutritional status and strengthen awareness of the importance of nutrition as a foundation for human resource development. The activity was conducted on April 5–6, 2026, at SD Negeri 09 Jambi City and involved 261 students from grades I to III. A school-based assistance approach was implemented through anthropometric measurements, including body weight and height assessments, followed by balanced nutrition education. The findings revealed that 77.0% of students had normal nutritional status, while 8.8% were undernourished, 9.6% were overweight, and 4.6% were classified as obese. The activity also increased school awareness regarding the importance of continuous nutritional monitoring and evidence-based health management. These findings suggest that school-based nutritional monitoring can support the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program and serve as an initial effort to strengthen human resource development by fostering healthier, more productive, and higher-quality future generations.

Soft Tissue Tumor (STT) is an abnormal lump or swelling caused by new cell growth originating from connective tissue. Post-operative STT presents major nursing problems including acute pain, knowledge deficit, and risk of infection that require comprehensive nursing care. This scientific paper aims to describe nursing care for Mr. R with post-operative Soft Tissue Tumor (STT) Gluteal Sinistra in Mawar 2 Ward of RSUD dr. Soeselo Tegal Regency. The writing method used is descriptive with a case study plan through interviews, physical examination, observation, and documentation. Assessment was conducted on February 8, 2026 on Mr. R, a 37-year-old male, who underwent left gluteal tumor removal surgery on February 7, 2026. Assessment results identified three nursing diagnoses: acute pain related to physical injury agent (D.0077), knowledge deficit related to lack of information exposure (D.0111), and risk of infection evidenced by invasive procedure effects (D.0142). After nursing interventions for 2x24 hours on February 8–9, 2026, evaluation showed all three nursing diagnoses resolved: pain scale decreased from 6 to 2, the client was able to re-explain the tumor disease, and the surgical wound was clean without signs of infection. The conclusion of this nursing care shows that the application of deep breathing relaxation techniques, health education, and proper wound care are effective in addressing nursing problems in post-operative Soft Tissue Tumor patients.

The rapid development of information technology drives various business sectors, including the beauty and health industry, to adopt digital systems in their operational management. A Beauty Clinic, a medium-scale aesthetic clinic, faces significant operational challenges in managing human resources, finance, and digital marketing in an integrated manner. This study aims to analyze the existing manual operational system of A Beauty Clinic using the PIECES framework (Performance, Information, Economy, Control, Efficiency, Service), design and configure an Odoo ERP Community Edition implementation integrating the HR, Invoicing/Point of Sale, and Social Marketing modules, and evaluate the operational efficiency improvements achieved. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method and Rapid Application Development (RAD) as the system development methodology. Data was collected through direct observation and semi-structured interviews. The results show that the manual system experienced critical problems across all six PIECES dimensions. Post-implementation evaluation indicates an estimated 80% reduction in the secretary's administrative workload (from 20–25 hours to 3–5 hours per month), over 90% reduction in payroll error frequency, and an 87% reduction in transaction processing time per cashier transaction. The implementation of role-based access control and complete audit trails fundamentally addressed the security vulnerabilities identified in the as-is analysis. This study demonstrates that Odoo Community Edition is an effective, comprehensive, and cost-efficient ERP solution for small and medium-scale beauty clinics seeking to transform from fragmented manual systems to integrated, data-driven information systems.

Background: Stroke is a neurological dysfunction caused by impaired blood circulation to the brain. Stroke can cause disability for survivors, one of which is impaired physical mobility due to weakness in the extremities and decreased muscle strength that can hinder the fulfillment of daily life activities. Range of Motion (ROM) and rubber ball grasping are one of the non-pharmacological ways in providing nursing care to ischemic stroke patients according to evidence-based practice (EBP). Purpose: This study aims to explain the process of providing nursing care with Range of Motion (ROM) interventions and rubber ball grasping for the problem of impaired physical mobility in stroke patients in Mina 1 room of RSUDZA. Method: case study with one patient as the subject with impaired physical mobility. Results: what was obtained during 6 days of intervention was an increase in the patient's muscle strength before and after the intervention, which was initially 1, increased to 4. Conclusion: Physical mobility impairment was resolved because the patient's muscle strength increased much better. Suggestion: It is hoped that Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh can continue to improve nursing care for stroke patients so that the care provided is more effective and can apply Range of Motion (ROM) and rubber ball grasping as non-pharmacological methods.

Income inequality is a structural development problem that can trigger social conflict, affect long-term economic growth, and hinder the achievement of SDGs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that contribute to income inequality in East Java Province by combining demographic, social, and economic factors. The data used includes panel data from 38 districts and cities in East Java Province between 2017 and 2023 period. The analysis method used is panel data regression with a fixed effect model. To measure the effect of variables on income inequality, the testing was conducted partially and simultaneosly. The individual test results show that elderly dependency and poverty have a positive and significant relationship, while the human development index and economic growth are proportional but not significantly, and the open unemployment rate is not significant negative. Simultaneously, all variables have a significant effect on income inequality of 55.67 percent, with the remaining 44.37 percent influenced by variables outside the scope of this study.