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Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a crucial aspect of the textile industry to ensure worker protection and maintain smooth production processes. This study aims to identify and analyze potential occupational accident risks in the sizing machine process. The methods used in this research are Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Risk Assessment to evaluate workplace hazards that may disrupt operations. The results indicate several major risks in the sizing process, including mechanical hazards due to direct contact with machines, ergonomic hazards caused by improper working postures, and chemical hazards from exposure to cotton dust and sizing solution vapors. The main risk factors include human aspects, the work environment, and machinery. The recommended improvements in this study include enhancing work supervision and control, providing safety training for workers, optimizing workplace ergonomics, and conducting regular machine maintenance to reduce accident risks. The proper implementation of safety strategies is expected to improve production efficiency and create a safer and more conducive work environment.

Low back pain refers to a syndrome with manifestations in the form of pain and uncomfortable complaints such as muscle tension or stiffness in the lower back area. Low back pain can be caused by various causes, including mechanical factors, disorders of tendons, ligaments, fascia, and muscles, and abnormal posture. Musculoskeletal lower back pain caused by mechanical factors can be related to work, hobbies, and daily activities. The age factor is also one of the risk factors for the incidence of low back pain. The Sari Sehat  elderly posyandu is one of the posyandu whose elderly are active in various activities in the community. For this reason, it is necessary to increase knowledge about the prevention of low back pain and its exercises. In this case, physiotherapy has an important role in increasing the knowledge of the elderly about prevention and exercise in low back pain so that the elderly can avoid complaints of back pain. Approach Method: Prevention counseling and exercises on low back pain. Place and time: Sari Sehat Elderly Posyandu, Palur Mojolaban, Sukoharjo.

This study aims to describe and analyze: Public Service Bureaucratic Reform and the factors that support and hinder Public Service Bureaucratic Reform at the Office of the Special Class 1 Immigration Checkpoint for the City of Surabaya. The research method to be used is qualitative descriptive. Data Collection Techniques include: Interviews, Observations, Documentation. The research informant is the Head of the Suarabaya Special Class I Immigration Office. The data analysis technique using interactive model analysis was developed by Miles et al., (2014), namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that in the institutional aspect in accordance with Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning immigration, the institutional arrangement at the Immigration Office is divided into several parts according to their duties and functions. The current posture of organization is relatively slimmer and flat (not very hierarchical). In the resource aspect, human resource improvement is also carried out through the internal office, namely through performance evaluation meetings. In terms of governance, organizational units/work units within the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office currently have and implement systems, procedures, and work mechanisms, as well as service standards that are more standard, clear, efficient, and effective, supported by the optimal use of adequate information and communication technology. Supporting Factors for Bureaucratic Reform at the Special Class I Immigration Office in Surabaya are Productive Apparatus, Representative Policies, and Employee Capacity Building. The inhibiting factor is that there is still a practice of brokerage.

The risk of falls in the community in Kapuk Cengkareng Village, especially the elderly, is a health problem that can have a serious impact on quality of life. Balance examination and education are important preventive measures in reducing the risk of falls. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of balance examinations using the Single Leg Stance (SLS) and Time Up and Go (TUG) methods and provide appropriate education to improve postural stability. The method used in this study involved balance tests with SLS and TUG in community groups with various age ranges. The data obtained were analyzed to see the relationship between balance test results and fall risk factors. In addition, balance education interventions were carried out including physical exercise and fall prevention strategies. There were 30 Respondents Involved in This Activity after the Task was completed The success measurement method was used to evaluate the pre- and Post-Test methods and N-Gain with a value of 0.9 indicating that the strength or category in this study was at a High Level. The calculation results showed a 70% increase from the Pre-test and Post-test results. This shows that respondents experienced positive changes after participating in the activity and that the Technique used could significantly improve the Results. The results showed that individuals with low scores on the SLS and longer travel times on the TUG had a higher risk of falling. The balance education provided was shown to improve balance ability and public awareness of fall risk factors. Thus, balance examination using the SLS and TUG methods and balance education can be an effective strategy in preventing the risk of falling in the community.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health issue that affects both adolescents and the elderly, impacting their daily activities and overall quality of life. This study aims to identify the causes, risk factors, and preventive measures associated with LBP in these two age groups. Various factors, including posture, physical activity, body weight, and occupational or academic demands, contribute to the prevalence of LBP. In adolescents, prolonged sitting, improper posture, and excessive screen time are significant contributors, while in the elderly, age-related degenerative changes, decreased muscle strength, and chronic conditions such as osteoporosis play a major role. This study utilizes a literature review and observational analysis to explore the similarities and differences in LBP risk factors across different age groups. The findings suggest that early prevention through proper ergonomics, regular exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce the incidence of LBP. Additionally, awareness and education about spinal health should be emphasized in both adolescents and the elderly to mitigate future complications. This research highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, medical interventions, and lifestyle modifications, in managing and preventing LBP effectively.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health issue that affects both adolescents and the elderly, impacting their daily activities and overall quality of life. This study aims to identify the causes, risk factors, and preventive measures associated with LBP in these two age groups. Various factors, including posture, physical activity, body weight, and occupational or academic demands, contribute to the prevalence of LBP. In adolescents, prolonged sitting, improper posture, and excessive screen time are significant contributors, while in the elderly, age-related degenerative changes, decreased muscle strength, and chronic conditions such as osteoporosis play a major role. This study utilizes a literature review and observational analysis to explore the similarities and differences in LBP risk factors across different age groups. The findings suggest that early prevention through proper ergonomics, regular exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce the incidence of LBP. Additionally, awareness and education about spinal health should be emphasized in both adolescents and the elderly to mitigate future complications. This research highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, medical interventions, and lifestyle modifications, in managing and preventing LBP effectively.

This study aims to analyze the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) risk of workers at PT Kanugrahan Techno Engineering involved in grinding activities using the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method. The analysis results indicate that grinding activities 1 and 2 have a REBA score of 9, indicating a very high risk, while grinding activity 3 has the highest score of 10, indicating an extreme risk. Grinding activities 4 and 5 have a score of 7, indicating a moderate risk. To reduce these risks, ergonomic aids in the form of a table and chair were designed to support better posture. The production cost of one set of tools is Rp 710,966, with a total cost for 5 sets amounting to Rp 3,554,833.91. The implementation of ergonomic aids is expected to reduce MSDs risks, increase comfort and work efficiency, and improve worker productivity.

Postural balance is a crucial aspect of daily life that enables individuals to move with stability and safety. Children with Down Syndrome (DS) often experience balance disorders due to cognitive function limitations that affect their motor abilities. This study aims to explore the relationship between cognitive function and balance in children with DS. Cognitive impairments, including memory deficits, attention difficulties, and executive function challenges, can impact a child's ability to control posture and perform motor activities effectively. Additionally, difficulties in movement coordination and sensorimotor responses contribute to poor balance abilities. Understanding the connection between cognitive function and balance can facilitate the implementation of appropriate interventions, such as physical therapy and cognitive stimulation, to improve the quality of life of children with DS. A holistic approach is essential in supporting the development of children with DS to help them achieve greater independence. Parents and families play a vital role in actively participating in the growth and development of children with DS, ensuring that their cognitive function and balance are maintained and enhanced. Consequently, children with DS can become more independent and socially engaged, enabling them to interact with others and build healthy social relationships. Keywords: Down Syndrome, cognitive function, postural balance, parents, family

In the cracker production process at UMKM Kerupuk Subur, the process of drying crackers involves human labor so there is a risk of injury because when drying crackers, workers have to bend and squat. This study aims to determine the occupational dangers of workers during the drying process of crackers in UMKM Kerupuk Subur and provide recommendations for improvement. The method used to analyze body posture is Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) then for improvement recommendations using an anthropometric approach with percentile calculations to determine dimensions as parameters for designing the work aids needed in the form of an ergonomic drying table. The results of REBA's analysis show a score of 9 with a high or high level, meaning there is a high risk of injury so immediate improvement is needed. The results of the design of an ergonomic drying table were then simulated through Inventor software which described the position of the worker's posture when carrying out cracker drying activities with a perpendicular working position. The results of the assessment of the working posture of the worker after the improvement showed a decrease in the risk level from medium to low and negligible.

Pleural effusion is a pathological condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, which can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and other complications. This study aims to evaluate evidence-based nursing care for patients diagnosed with pleural effusion using a case report approach. The assessment was conducted holistically, including interviews, observations, and physical examinations. The results show that nursing interventions combining respiratory physiotherapy, such as breathing exercises, mobilization, and patient education, along with medical care, are effective in reducing shortness of breath and improving chest expansion in patients. The management of pleural effusion involves a multidisciplinary approach, including early diagnosis through thoracentesis and imaging, as well as supportive therapies such as respiratory physiotherapy, pleural fluid drainage, and medical interventions tailored to the underlying etiology. This study also highlights the critical role of respiratory physiotherapy in accelerating patient recovery, including deep breathing exercises, chest mobilization, and posture correction. The evaluation indicates that, although the patient’s respiratory problems were not completely resolved, there was significant improvement in overall health status. This study underscores the importance of applying a multidisciplinary approach to improve the quality of life for patients with pleural effusion.

Sports injuries are injuries that occur during training, competition or after exercise. Sports injuries occur due to the inability of tissues (muscles, joints, tendons, skin) and other organs to receive training loads during exercise. Factors that influence the occurrence of injuries, namely individual conditions (age, gender, character, experience, warm-up, posture abnormalities), sports facilities (shape and size of equipment), sports characteristics (type of sport), physical environment (temperature and humidity). If not treated immediately, it can cause cerebral vascular disorders (heat stroke) and immediately do an examination if you experience an injury during exercise, so that you can get fast and proper treatment. On this occasion, lecturers from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Anwar Medika University (UAM) Sidoarjo held counseling activities for vocational students in the Krian Sidoarjo sub-district area. The purpose of this counseling is expected so that later SMK students can play an active role in conveying and implementing the knowledge in this activity to help the community around their place of residence.

Physiotherapy is a form of health service aimed at individuals and communities. The scope of physiotherapy services is to develop, maintain, and restore movement and body function throughout the life span. This service can be done through a promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitation approach. One of the many cases of physiotherapy is musculoskeletal complaints. Musculoskeletal complaints can occur due to habits carried out during work. If the body position is not correct and maintained for a long duration, it can trigger the emergence of musculoskeletal complaints. Work that lasts for a long time will decrease a person's body ability and can cause complaints and disorders in the body, especially musculo problems, one of which is neck pain. Neck pain is a multifactorial disease and is a major problem in society today. Some risk factors for neck pain, such as old age, female gender, low social support, and non-ergonomic work postures. The method of community physiotherapy activities used is to provide health promotion counseling and education regarding physiotherapy management in the form of stretching that can be done independently. The media used are leaflets and posters. The purpose of this counseling is to provide education and physiotherapy treatment related to neck pain in Keripik Tempe Sanan workers so that they can improve the complaints that have been felt and minimize the occurrence of injuries.

Physiotherapy is a form of health service aimed at individuals and communities. The scope of physiotherapy services is to develop, maintain, and restore movement and body function throughout the life span. This service can be done through a promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitation approach. One of the many cases of physiotherapy is musculoskeletal complaints. Musculoskeletal complaints can occur due to habits carried out during work. If the body position is not correct and maintained for a long duration, it can trigger the emergence of musculoskeletal complaints. Work that lasts for a long time will decrease a person's body ability and can cause complaints and disorders in the body, especially musculo problems, one of which is neck pain. Neck pain is a multifactorial disease and is a major problem in society today. Some risk factors for neck pain, such as old age, female gender, low social support, and non-ergonomic work postures. The method of community physiotherapy activities used is to provide health promotion counseling and education regarding physiotherapy management in the form of stretching that can be done independently. The media used are leaflets and posters. The purpose of this counseling is to provide education and physiotherapy treatment related to neck pain in Keripik Tempe Sanan workers so that they can improve the complaints that have been felt and minimize the occurrence of injuries.

Intensive computer use without ergonomic considerations poses risks of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) for PT. XYZ employees, who often work in uncomfortable positions. This study identified risk factors using the Nordic Body Map and ROSA methods. Results revealed high complaints in the upper neck and right shoulder, with 4 out of 5 employees at high risk due to non-ergonomic work postures and facilities. Recommendations include workplace layout improvements, posture training, and stretching routines to reduce WMSD risks and enhance employee well-being.

The application of ergonomics in the work environment is one of the efforts to ensure the health and safety of an individual or group in carrying out work in a work area that may be at risk of work accidents. Based on data from the Environmental Health and Occupational Safety Installation, musculoskeletal disorders experienced by employees of the "X" Hospital in Palembang in 2022, which stated that 318 employees of the "X" Hospital aged 31-40 years (38.1%), gender (69.2%), length of service <10 years (52.2%), length of service <8 hours (886.2%) with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck (64.5%), knees/ankles (58.7%), complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (81.4%), mild pain (scale 1-4) 59.0%, mild complaints 49.0%, This study aims to determine the factors related to the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in Laundry Officers at the "X" Hospital in Palembang in 2024. The subjects of this study were all Laundry Officers at the "X" Hospital in Palembang on July 15-27, 2024. The population and sample in this study were 37 laundry officers. This study uses a quantitative method with analytical observation research and a cross-sectional approach. Furthermore, the collected data was analyzed using the Chi Square Test with a significance level (p value) <0.005. The results of the study were that there were factors related to the incidence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Laundry Officers with Age (p value 0.005), Gender (p value 0.001), Length of Service (p value 0.001), Work Posture (p value 0.002), and Length of Service (p value 0.000). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between age, gender, length of service, work posture, and length of service with the incidence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Laundry Officers at RS "X" Palembang in 2024. It is recommended that the Laundry Installation section of RS "X" Palembang conduct a safety briefing to reduce the risk of accidents and provide information on the importance of individual health.

Background: Lower back pain is common in pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, due to physiological changes such as weight gain, shifts in the body’s center of gravity, and ligament relaxation. Prenatal exercise is a non-pharmacological method that improves flexibility, strengthens muscles, and enhances posture, reducing lower back pain. However, its implementation remains limited due to a lack of education and supporting facilities. Objective: This study evaluates the effect of prenatal exercise on lower back pain reduction in third-trimester pregnant women at the Independent Practice of Midwife Novia Br Karo, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency. Method: A pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach was used. The study included 32 third-trimester pregnant women experiencing lower back pain. Prenatal exercise was provided, and pain levels were measured before and after using an observation sheet. Results: Before the intervention, most respondents (53.1%) reported moderate pain. After prenatal exercise, the majority (59.4%) experienced reduced pain in the mild category. The Wilcoxon test yielded a Z value of -3.122 with p = 0.002 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of prenatal exercise in reducing lower back pain. Conclusion: Prenatal exercise effectively reduces lower back pain intensity in third-trimester pregnant women. It should be promoted as a non-pharmacological intervention for pregnancy-related back pain and incorporated into maternal health programs.

Good posture during activities is a body position that uses little energy to keep the body balanced and comfortable. When the body position tends to be bad, it will also result in incorrect posture if done repeatedly during activities. The impacts that can occur are postural abnormalities such as kyphosis, scoliosis, and lordosis. Incorrect body position during activities, inappropriate forms of learning support, and incorrect use of backpacks can hurt body posture. If the body posture is in good condition, it will support the students' learning activities. Conversely, if the body posture is in bad condition, it will also have an impact on their education. This counseling activity aims to increase the knowledge of the students regarding how to have good body posture. To make it easier for the students to understand the things conveyed, the presentation of the material was carried out using the leaflet method as a printed media which was distributed to 40 students at SMPS Al-Fattah. The results of the counseling were seen through pre-test and post-test data that had been processed so that in this counseling activity it can be concluded that there was an increase in students' knowledge about how to have good and correct body posture.

In the current era of globalization, information technology is developing rapidly. As for technology, which is equipment created to make human work easier, when achieving good progress in the work process of PT Plaza Auto Prima, it is absolutely necessary to have a technique that supports and provides satisfactory service for customers. Based on this, the author tries to analyze a method used when employees work in the Plaza Auto Prima environment regarding the work ergonomics they currently apply at PT Plaza Auto Prima, which to date has not seen any improvement. The method used is direct observation and assessment of work posture using the REBA method. The research subjects were mechanics who worked in the installation or removal of car wheels. The data obtained is analyzed to determine the REBA score and the level of risk faced by workers. The research results show that the mechanical work posture at PT Plaza Auto Prima (Toyota) Tendean has significant problems. Analysis using the REBA method produces a final score of 8, which indicates a high risk level and requires immediate improvement. Factors that contribute to this high risk include the lack of ideal work ergonomics and limited supporting equipment. This increases the risk of injury and illness to the worker's body in the future. After improvements were made by adding trolley service tools, the way of working became more ergonomic so that the REBA score dropped to 2, which shows that some of the movements carried out were in the safe category or did not cause muscle injuries in the future. Therefore, the presence of bodily abnormalities that arise from work cannot be separated from the existence of supporting equipment to facilitate the removal of certain parts so as not to cause abnormal bodily effects. Planning for the procurement of a particular tool needs to be done as soon as possible so that workers do not suffer the effects of bodily abnormalities. In this way, the author took analytical steps using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, which is the best solution to solve the problems that exist in this company to support workers so they can work all the time without any complaints about their bodies.

PT. Indonesia Plafon Semesta is a company engaged in manufacturing, this company produces various kinds of PVC ceilings. Problems faced by PT. Indonesia Plafon Semesta is the activity of making PVC ceilings in the packing section, where the activity conditions or workers' posture is not good. When packing by squatting and bending, the position is less ergonomic, resulting in excessive force exertion and the risk of injury. This research aims to determine the level of complaints felt by workers in body parts by identifying them using the Nordic Body Map (NBM), Manual Task Risk Assessment (ManTRA) to determine the level of risk experienced by workers and knowing how many angles are formed. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) is used to calculate worker posture and provide a score of the worker's proposed posture using Anthropometry. Data processing was carried out using NBM calculations for workers who had the highest score of 51 and the lowest 44. Knowing the level of risk experienced by workers with Mantra protection with the back, forearms, neck and wrists > 15 and the angle formed in the REBA calculation using score 10. Improvement of the proposed posture with Anthropomerti with a TPO calculation of 32.5 cm and JTD cm of 69 by paying attention to the object being worked on with REBA calculation results having a score of 7.

As cities in Indonesia continue to develop, there will inevitably be ignorance of the elderly's knowledge of their own health. For example, elderly people with working backgrounds are generally at risk of lower back pain, pinched nerves, complaining of various muscle tension problems and so on which can disrupt their daily activities. This problem is caused by incorrect positioning while working, such as frequently pushing, lifting, bending, sitting or standing for long periods of time and unergonomic body posture while working. Physiotherapy outreach activities related to increasing knowledge of daily activity disorders, efforts to educate the elderly regarding activity disorders, especially about definitions, signs of symptoms, causes, prevention, and daily activity activity therapy independently after work to reduce the symptoms suffered. This outreach activity uses leaflets as media, containing educational material for the elderly, then education and training depending on the location of the disorders the elderly complain of. The counseling activities at the Mobile Health Center Posyandu which are held every day by the Kendalsari Community Health Center, Malang City, went smoothly, the response was good, full of enthusiasm. The results obtained show the results of the pretest so that there is increased knowledge among workers which shows that workers have knowledge and insight regarding prevention and independent treatment after work. The results obtained showed that most of them were mild complaints, so that the majority of complaints involving disruption of daily activities were experienced by women, 68% of which were indicated by questionnaires for 25 elderly people at the Kendalsari Community Health Center and Posyandu for the Elderly in Malang City.