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Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoa that is often found in cats as the definitive host. The infection can spread to humans through contact with cat feces or consumption of contaminated food and drinks. Pregnant women, especially in the second trimester, are at high risk of developing infections that can be transmitted to the fetus. Primary infections during pregnancy can lead to a variety of complications, including birth defects, and premature birth. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between cat ownership and the incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in the second trimester. This study is the result of a literature review with a literature search method conducted on the internet and scientific journals based on questions about the relationship between cat keepers and the incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in the 2nd trimester. According to the (WHO), the incidence ratio in 26 countries is based on concrete evidence. The three countries with the highest IgG seroprevalence according to data are Ethiopia (64.2%, 95%CI: 34.3–89.1), Gabon (56.7%, 54.4–59.0), and Brazil (53.8%, 39.3–68.0) but there are also three countries with the lowest IgG are Mexico (7.2%, 5.3–9.4), South Korea (2.1%, 0.6–4.3), and Canada (0.2%, 0.2–0.3). Meanwhile, the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Indonesia ranged from 43% to 88% in 2014. Data shows that keeping cats as well as poor hygiene practices can increase the risk of toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women.

The digital era, with 78% internet penetration in Indonesia (2025), brings information advancement but also threats like cyberbullying, hoaxes, and SARA polarization through social media. This study aims to analyze the relevance of Pancasila values as an ethical filter in mitigating these negative digital impacts through social media usage case studies. Employing a qualitative approach based on library research, data was gathered from 18 Sinta-accredited journals (2021-2026), 2 Pancasila digital theory books, UU ITE regulations, and APJII reports. Content analysis with Miles & Huberman (2024) data reduction was applied to code the implementation of each Pancasila principle. Results show that the first principle combats religious intolerance, the second suppresses cyberbullying (25% reduction), the third reduces 2024 election polarization (40%), the fourth promotes digital deliberation, and the fifth closes rural literacy gaps through gotong royong crowdfunding (Rp1T collected). Viral disinformation and Lombok 2025 disaster cases prove Pancasila's effectiveness beyond formal regulations. It is concluded that Pancasila is adaptive as a moral algorithm in the digital era, transforming social media from conflict breeding grounds into national integration spaces. Recommendations include strengthening the "Pancasila Digital Ethics" curriculum for Gen Z/Alpha, national AI literacy applications, and platform collaboration with BPIP-Kominfo.

This study aims to examine the implementation of the Integrated Dynamic Archival Information Sistem (SRIKANDI) application in digital archive management at the Public Works and Public Housing Agency (PUPR) of Jambi Province. This study applies a qualitative approach using descriptive methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of informants directly involved in archive management and the use of the SRIKANDI application. The analysis of policy implementation in this study is based on Edward III's theory, which covers the dimensions of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings of the study show that the implementation of the SRIKANDI application in the Road Construction Division has been carried out, but it has not been running optimally. The use of the application is still mostly focused on correspondence activities, while the comprehensive archive management function has not been optimally implemented. Factors supporting implementation include the existence of clear regulations, leadership commitment, and the availability of socialization and training activities. Meanwhile, the obstacles found include limitations in internet network quality, application stability, and differences in the level of human resource capabilities and adaptation to digital sistems. This study concludes that the successful implementation of SRIKANDI is not only influenced by the availability of technology, but also by the readiness of organizations and human resources in supporting the transformation of digital archive management. In addition, this study also provides several strategic recommendations to improve the effectiveness of implementation.

The rapid development of technology in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has driven the education sector to continuously adapt to the evolving demands of digital-based industries. One of the key technological innovations supporting this transformation is the Internet of Things (IoT), which enables data acquisition, real-time monitoring, and remote control of systems through internet networks. In response to these developments, a community service program was conducted to enhance the understanding and technical skills of students at SMK Negeri 1 Sindang through the provision and utilization of an IoT Trainer Kit Simulator as a practical learning medium. This activity aimed to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and industry-relevant technological applications by introducing students to hands-on IoT system implementation. The program included demonstrations and guided practice on the use of sensors, microcontrollers, and web-based monitoring platforms to simulate real-world industrial scenarios. The results indicate that students showed high enthusiasm and active participation throughout the activity. Moreover, participants were able to grasp the fundamental concepts of IoT systems, understand component integration, and recognize the relevance of IoT applications in supporting automation and digital transformation. Overall, this community service activity contributed positively to strengthening students’ digital competencies and preparedness for the demands of the contemporary industrial and technological landscape.

This study aims to improve digital money literacy among the community of Kineppen Village, Munte District, Karo Regency, through education and the implementation of the QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) payment system. The research utilized a descriptive qualitative approach, incorporating field observations, interviews, and direct mentoring with four local businesses: Ayam Penyet Pak Lek, Warkop Aim Tigander, Oke Laundry Kineppen, and Pangkas Singarimbun. The findings show that two businesses, Ayam Penyet Pak Lek and Pangkas Singarimbun, successfully adopted QRIS, leading to smoother transactions and increased customer trust. However, the other two businesses, Warkop Aim Tigander and Oke Laundry Kineppen, still face challenges in adopting the system due to limited internet access and deep-rooted traditional cash payment habits. Despite these barriers, the program significantly enhanced the digital literacy of local entrepreneurs, raising their awareness and readiness to participate in the village’s digital economy. This study emphasizes the importance of continuous support and access to technology in fostering the broader adoption of digital payment systems, particularly in rural areas where technological access may still be limited

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a fundamental pillar of the Indonesian economy, but their potential is often hampered by the digital divide, especially in rural areas. The Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) initiative is a way for the government to encourage digital transformation and make payments more accessible to everyone. This article aims to document and analyse the process and impact of a community service programme that facilitated the adoption of QRIS among 10 MSMEs in Pematang Tengah Village, Tanjung Pura Sub-district. This activity used the Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) method, which emphasises active collaboration between the service team and MSME partners. The process included participatory planning, collaborative action in the form of intensive training and mentoring, and joint evaluation. The results showed that all 10 MSME partners successfully adopted and used QRIS for daily transactions. The significant benefits included increased transaction efficiency, improved financial record-keeping, and a more modern business image. The main challenges identified were initial doubts about the technology and unstable internet connectivity, which were successfully mitigated through personalised mentoring based on trust. It was concluded that the CBPAR (Community-Based Participatory Action Research) method is a highly effective framework for implementing technological innovation in rural MSME communities because it not only addresses technical skill gaps but also builds crucial social capital such as trust and digital confidence.

This research aims to identify and design relevant digital marketing strategies for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Sikeben Village, with the goal of enhancing business sustainability through the utilization of the village’s social media platforms. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using interviews, observations, and documentation analysis involving MSME entrepreneurs, village officials, and social media managers of the village. The findings indicate that leveraging the village’s social media can expand market reach, improve customer interaction, and construct a positive image of local products. However, challenges remain, such as limited digital literacy, internet infrastructure issues, and a lack of systematic content strategies. As a result, the study proposes a community-based digital marketing model, which includes market segmentation, strengthening local content, stakeholder collaboration, and data-driven evaluation.

The phenomenon of phubbing and extreme digital content consumption has become a new challenge in public health, especially for Generation Z, who spend up to 10 hours a day on the internet. This study aims to analyze how phubbing behavior and dependency on endurance streaming distort the quality of face-to-face social interaction and its implications for mental health determinants. The research method employed is a literature review with a critical-narrative approach. Data were collected through systematic searching of reputable scientific databases (such as Google Scholar, SINTA, and GARUDA) focusing on publications from 2021 to 2026. The analysis was conducted by synthesizing literature findings integrated with preliminary field observations to validate the phenomenon's relevance in the local context. The results reveal that snubbing others in favor of gadgets is a mechanism to escape the reciprocal emotional burden of real-life communication. Digital spaces are perceived as safer because they offer intimacy without risk, yet they systematically trigger a chronic erosion of social attention and executive dysfunction. From a public health perspective, this condition threatens social capital and community resilience. This study concludes the importance of sociopsychological interventions to restore human connection to prevent chronic emotional isolation in the future.

Nowadays, people are more likely to make transactions online. Online transactions are the same as offline transactions, only the online buying and selling process is carried out via the internet rather than offline, where sellers and buyers meet.  In fact, when carrying out online transactions, some customers become disappointed and disadvantaged, such as when the product ordered is not suitable or is not sent by the seller, especially for customers who experience fraud with large amounts of money.  As a result, it is very important to follow Islamic business ethics when making transactions on Tokopedia.  This research uses qualitative descriptive research where researchers use the literature study method to obtain data.  The research results show that Islamic business ethics at Tokopedia fulfill several Islamic ethical principles

Smart cities are trending as an innovative approach to address urban problems. This study aims to analyse the trend of research publications on smart cities in Indonesia with a bibliometric analysis approach. The articles used in this study were obtained from Scopus data. From 131 articles found in the scopus database between 2013 and 2024. The selected articles were then managed using biblioshiny and Vosviewer software. The results showed that publications related to smart cities experienced fluctuations from the last 10 years. The article with the most citations is entitled Strengthening waste recycling industry in Malang (Indonesia): Lessons from waste management in the era of Industry 4.0 has the most citations of 85 citations. While seen from the highest affiliation shows that Gadjah Mada University is an institution with a total of 70 publications. Mapping articles based on the relationship between keywords (co-occurance) is formed into 12 clusters, each cluster describes topics that are often discussed in smart city-related literature, such as urban planning, social networking, e-government, public services, urban development, sustainable development, internet of things (IoT), urban growth, economic, artificial intelligence, and secondary datum.

The increasing integration of internet technology in educational institutions requires structured network governance to ensure that digital resources support academic activities effectively. Unrestricted access to online platforms often leads to non-academic usage such as online gaming and social media engagement during instructional hours, which may reduce learning concentration and degrade network performance. This research develops and evaluates a network access control simulation using a MikroTik RouterBoard RB951Ui-2HnD device. The system applies firewall filtering mechanisms, hotspot-based authentication, and bandwidth allocation strategies through Simple Queue configuration. Network segmentation is implemented to differentiate teacher and student access privileges. The study adopts a Research and Development (R&D) approach to design, configure, test, and evaluate the proposed system. Testing results indicate that the firewall configuration successfully restricts access to selected online games (Mobile Legends, Clash of Clans, Roblox) and social media platforms (YouTube, TikTok, Shopee, Instagram, Telegram). Furthermore, bandwidth management demonstrates effective traffic prioritization, ensuring more stable allocation for teacher accounts in accordance with configured maximum limits. The findings confirm that structured firewall and bandwidth policies can improve network discipline, enhance performance stability, and support a controlled digital learning environment in schools.

The development of technology in the era of globalization has brought significant changes in society, particularly through the emergence of the internet and social media such as WhatsApp, X (Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, and TikTok, which facilitate rapid information dissemination. This development has also given rise to a new profession, namely content creators, who produce and share content in the form of images, videos, or text for branding, professional purposes, or self-expression, often resorting to sensationalism to attract audience attention. On the other hand, the ease of access to social media has also triggered the spread of negative content, including pornography, as evidenced by Komdigi/Kominfo data showing millions of blocked negative content, with X being one of the dominant platforms. In Islamic perspective, anything that leads to adultery is prohibited as stated in QS. Al-Isra verse 32. A prominent case is Dea OnlyFans (Gusti Ayu Dewanti) who was arrested for distributing pornographic content through OnlyFans and Google Drive, charged under the Pornography Law and ITE Law, and found guilty in the Supreme Court Decision Number 2086 K/Pid.Sus/2023. This study discusses 1) How are the differences in judges' considerations at the District Court, High Court, and Cassation? 2) Can the Supreme Court judges' considerations provide a deterrent effect? This research uses a descriptive method with normative legal research based on literature study, using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials.

The computer laboratory is an essential facility in higher education that requires efficient management of usage and environmental conditions to support the teaching and learning process. However, laboratory management at the Kalimantan Business and Technology Institute is still carried out manually, including scheduling, room condition monitoring, and report creation, which is prone to errors and time-consuming. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based laboratory monitoring system prototype to improve the effectiveness of computer laboratory management. The approach used is Research and Development (R&D) with a prototype development model, allowing for design adjustments based on user feedback iteratively. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and document studies related to laboratory conditions and analyzed to determine the main system features, such as temperature and humidity monitoring, scheduling, and report generation. The results of the study show that the developed prototype can structure the laboratory workflow, provide real-time monitoring, facilitate schedule management, and simplify report preparation. This prototype is expected to serve as a foundation for developing a more comprehensive application, improving data accuracy, time efficiency, and the quality of laboratory management.

The computer laboratory is an essential facility in higher education that requires efficient management of usage and environmental conditions to support the teaching and learning process. However, laboratory management at the Kalimantan Business and Technology Institute is still carried out manually, including scheduling, room condition monitoring, and report creation, which is prone to errors and time-consuming. This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based laboratory monitoring system prototype to improve the effectiveness of computer laboratory management. The approach used is Research and Development (R&D) with a prototype development model, allowing for design adjustments based on user feedback iteratively. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and document studies related to laboratory conditions and analyzed to determine the main system features, such as temperature and humidity monitoring, scheduling, and report generation. The results of the study show that the developed prototype can structure the laboratory workflow, provide real-time monitoring, facilitate schedule management, and simplify report preparation. This prototype is expected to serve as a foundation for developing a more comprehensive application, improving data accuracy, time efficiency, and the quality of laboratory management.

The increasing complexity and scale of modern network traffic driven by IoT and cloud-based infrastructures have made accurate intrusion detection a critical challenge. Conventional network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) and many deep learning–based approaches struggle to reliably detect minority and stealthy attacks due to severe class imbalance and limited discrimination of subtle traffic patterns. To address these limitations, this study proposes a hybrid CNN–RBF–Attention framework for network intrusion detection. The proposed model integrates three complementary components: (i) a convolutional neural network for hierarchical feature extraction from network flow data, (ii) a radial basis function (RBF) network for localized nonlinear classification using prototype-based decision regions, and (iii) an attention mechanism that adaptively weights RBF activations to emphasize discriminative traffic patterns. SMOTE is applied exclusively to the training data to mitigate class imbalance. The framework is evaluated on the widely used CICIDS2017 and CICIDS2018 benchmark datasets in both binary and multiclass settings, using recall, precision, F1-score, confusion matrices, and ROC analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model consistently outperforms standalone CNN and RBF baselines, particularly in terms of recall and F1-score. On the CICIDS2018 dataset, the model achieves 99.81% accuracy and 99.81% F1-score in binary classification, and 99.54% accuracy and 99.54% F1-score in multiclass classification. On CICIDS2017, it achieves 98.12% accuracy and 98.12% F1-score in binary classification, and 98.92% accuracy and 98.92% F1-score in multiclass classification. Confusion matrix and ROC analyses further show strong class separability and reliable performance in low–false-positive-rate regions, which is critical for real-world IDS deployment. These results confirm that combining deep hierarchical feature learning, localized prototype-based classification, and attention-guided refinement yields a robust, operationally reliable intrusion detection framework for highly imbalanced network environments.

This study was motivated by the importance of the availability and quality of infrastructure as a major supporting factor for the comfort and smooth running of the lecture process at the postgraduate level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate educational facilities and infrastructure based on the perceptions of postgraduate students in the Islamic Education Study Program (PAI) using the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model. This research is an evaluative study with a qualitative approach, involving PAI graduate students as research subjects. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and field observations, then analyzed using the Question Discourse technique to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the students' experiences and assessments. The results show that students view facilities and infrastructure as important to very important in supporting the lecture process. In general, the facilities are considered adequate, but there are still limitations in the air conditioning system and internet network stability, which affect the comfort and effectiveness of learning. The implications of this study emphasize the need for continuous improvement in the quality, maintenance, and management of facilities and infrastructure to support the quality of PAI postgraduate education.

Software Defined Network is a popular computer network concept today because of the ease of managing network traffic with the control plane. Massive internet usage makes web server services on SDN networks overloaded. There are many load balancing concepts to overcome this problem, one of which is implementing the K-NN algorithm. This study aims to maximize the performance of the K-NN algorithm on SDN networks by optimizing the K value using Grid Search Cross Validation, and adding server status selection logic based on the smallest disk if the server status calculated by K-NN has the same. All implementations of the load balancing concept in this study were created virtually using Open vSwitch and virtualbox. Testing was carried out using CPU, MEMORY, and DISK parameters sent by the server with the help of the psutils component. JMeter software was used for testing by sending data using the POST method. The data type is text/plain with a data size of 1MB, testing was carried out in stages with threads 100, 200, 300, 400. The test results showed that the performance of the K-NN algorithm was running optimally. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the load to the server, this made the optimization and addition of logic successful.

Konflik manusia–gajah merupakan permasalahan serius di kawasan Taman Nasional Way Kambas, Lampung, yang berdampak pada kerugian ekonomi, gangguan sosial, dan ancaman keselamatan manusia serta satwa liar [1], [2]. Salah satu pendekatan mitigasi yang efektif adalah penerapan sistem peringatan dini berbasis teknologi telekomunikasi dan Internet of Things (IoT) [3], [4]. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan dan kinerja jaringan telekomunikasi yang sesuai untuk mendukung sistem peringatan dini konflik manusia–gajah. Metode meliputi analisis kebutuhan sistem, perancangan arsitektur jaringan, perbandingan teknologi komunikasi (GSM/4G, NB-IoT, dan LoRaWAN), serta simulasi skenario pengiriman data dari node sensor. Data empiris diperoleh dari simulasi performa jaringan (jangkauan, delay, konsumsi daya, dan packet delivery ratio). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa LoRaWAN memiliki keunggulan dalam jangkauan dan efisiensi energi untuk wilayah konservasi yang minim infrastruktur [5], [6]. Sistem yang diusulkan mampu mengirimkan data deteksi keberadaan gajah secara near real-time ke pusat pemantauan dan selanjutnya didistribusikan sebagai peringatan kepada petugas dan masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi referensi dalam pengembangan sistem peringatan dini konflik manusia–gajah berbasis telekomunikasi di Indonesia.

The rapid expansion of internet usage has led to a significant increase in cybersecurity threats, particularly phishing attacks delivered through malicious links. Phishing links are designed to imitate legitimate websites in order to deceive users and steal sensitive information. This study presents the implementation of a phishing link detection website based on SSL validation and URL scoring mechanisms. The proposed system integrates heuristic-based URL analysis with real-time SSL certificate validation obtained through the SSL handshake process. Digital certificates are verified using RSA-based digital signature verification issued by trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs). In addition, the SHA-256 hash algorithm is employed to generate certificate fingerprints and URL hashes to ensure data integrity and uniqueness. The system also evaluates HTTPS usage, domain and certificate consistency, certificate validity period, and RSA public key strength. All validation results are processed using a URL scoring system to generate a security score ranging from 0 to 100, which classifies links into safe, suspicious, or dangerous categories. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed website is capable of effectively identifying phishing indicators and providing transparent cryptographic evidence in real time. This approach can assist users in making informed decisions and improving protection against phishing threats in web environments.

Online gambling has emerged as a growing public health and social concern, particularly in developing countries with rapid digitalization such as Indonesia. Increased internet accessibility, mobile device usage, and financial technology services have facilitated the widespread adoption of online gambling across diverse age groups, including adolescents. This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of online gambling and identify key determinants contributing to addictive gambling behavior. The method used is a narrative literature review, synthesizing findings from national and international studies related to online gambling, behavioral addiction, psychological mechanisms, and socio-environmental factors. The findings indicate that online gambling addiction is influenced by multiple interrelated determinants, including economic pressure, cognitive distortions such as illusion of control, low legal awareness, environmental exposure, and technological features embedded in gambling platforms. Neurobiologically, repetitive gambling behavior is reinforced by dysregulation of the brain’s reward system, particularly dopamine pathways, which strengthens compulsive engagement despite adverse consequences. Psychosocial impacts include increased risk of anxiety, depression, financial instability, social isolation, and criminal behavior. The study also highlights that adolescents are particularly vulnerable due to developmental factors and peer influence. The implications of these findings emphasize the need for comprehensive prevention strategies involving stricter legal enforcement, public education, mental health interventions, family support, and technological regulation. A multidisciplinary and public health–oriented approach is essential to reduce the prevalence of online gambling addiction and mitigate its long-term psychological, social, and economic consequences.