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To uphold legal principles within the military framework, it is imperative to establish legislative measures that serve as regulatory frameworks for soldiers. These measures are designed to govern their conduct both in the execution of official duties and in the regulation of their involvement within the broader societal context. This research aims to scrutinize the procedural intricacies involved in implementing dishonorable discharge for Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) soldiers who engage in criminal activities as a means of upholding the rule of law. Furthermore, it seeks to identify and address the challenges encountered in the process. This study applies a normative juridical approach, specifically descriptive-analytical research. Data comprises both secondary sources (i.e., literature works) and primary sources (i.e., interviews). The presentation of data is structured in a descriptive format, employing a qualitative analytical method. Research findings reveal that the process of implementing dishonorable discharge for TNI personnel involved in criminal activities encompasses both administrative and military disciplinary measures. Challenges encountered in the sanction application include (a) instances of unit commanders’ tardiness in administering administrative penalties and (b) efforts to address these impediments by ensuring meticulous law enforcement within each unit, coupled with conducting awareness campaigns across the entire units in TNI. It is underscored that criminal acts committed by TNI personnel are regarded as breaches of military discipline, carrying the threat of military and disciplinary penalties, alongside administrative sanctions culminating in dismissal. The application of administrative sanctions is anticipated to mitigate violations and instill a deterrent effect among TNI personnel. Legal ramifications persist for the individuals involved until the completion of their service. A proposed solution requires the submission of a comprehensive personality development progress report by respective unit commanders, confirming the completion of all legal processes, thereby facilitating the individual’s seamless career progression.

The low degree of scientific literacy in Indonesia serves as the driving force for this research. As a result, efforts are being made to conduct research and develop scientific literacy-based science teaching resources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of scientific literacy-based science teaching materials on plant reproduction in academic settings. The process of research and development (R&D) employs a modified Four D (4D) paradigm. This research process consists of three stages: definition, design, and development. Three academic validators are included regarding the topic of this study and advancement. The scores from the product validation questionnaire are a category of numerical information obtained. In this research and development, literacy-based science teaching materials on plant reproduction were validated by expert validators to ensure that the produced products are truly valid. According to the expert validator assessment results, the scientific literacy part of the instructional material product had a validation result of 3.58 with a percentage of 89%, while the overall product received an average of 3.58. Therefore, it can be said that the instructional materials that have been generated are reliable and appropriate for use in the educational process.

Burglary involves forced or unauthorized entry, which leads to damage or loss of property having monetary or emotional value and, more severely, puts lives at risk. The dire need for the safety of lives and properties has attracted so much research on burglary alert system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Most of the research focused on alerting the users of burglary attempts using any or a combination of two notification methods: SMS, call, and email. This study emphasizes three-mode notification that combines SMS, call, and email using the application of IoT technology in a burglary alert system, which uses a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor for burglar detection to ensure that Homeowners or authorized personnel get alerts in events of imminent attempt to break-ins. The study also details the sensor integration with its supporting components, such as the central hub or microcontroller, buzzer, LED, and network interface in the development of the system. The software was developed to facilitate seamless integration with the hardware, ensuring timely and accurate event detection and subsequent alert generation using Arduino IDE programming language, a framework based on the C++ language. The system effected the 3-mode notification to ensure that users get notification in case of an imminent break-in since the failure of the three modes simultaneously is extremely rare. The system’s performance based on its responsiveness on the 3-mode notifications was evaluated, and an average of 83.56% responsiveness was obtained, indicating an acceptable response time.

In this modern era, of course, technology is developing rapidly and increasingly sophisticated which produces various innovations in various aspects of life, including the industrial sector, it is possible in the electrical and electrical fields. The main form of the application of technology is as a driving force for the progress of science and technology and the development of the times, in making work easier and more efficient. The research was conducted to analyze the wiring process on the low-voltage connection panel (PHB-TR) at PT. Powerindo Prima Perkasa using PLN standards. The standard used in the production of low-voltage circuit boards is the PLN standard number D3.016-2 in 2010. The research was conducted to analyze the wiring process for the low-voltage connection panels (PHB- TR) at PT. Powerindo Prima Perkasa using PLN standards. The standard used in the production of low-voltage connection panels is the PLN standard number D3.016-2 in 2010. The data collection methods in this study were conducting interviews, observations, wiring on the panels and literature studies. Based on the results of the discussion in this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: [1] Knowing what components are contained in the Low Voltage Connection Panel (PHBTR). [2] Knowing the wiring process on the Low Voltage Connection Panel (PHBTR). [3] Knowing how the Low Voltage Split Connector Panel (PHBTR).

Electricity is currently a vital resource highly needed by modern society, as the majority of human life activities are related to electricity. This sector is crucial in the execution of development initiatives to seek the enhancement of the well-being and prosperity of the people, enlighten the nation, and boost the people's economy in achieving national development goals. It can be said that electricity has become the primary source of energy in every activity, both in households and industries. PT PLN (Persero) is a state-owned enterprise (BUMN) that has been managing all aspects of electricity in Indonesia for 44 years, aiming to improve the quality of people's lives and focus on customer satisfaction. In order to continue to grow and improve, PT PLN  East Java requires analysis and evaluation of the company's current condition to compete externally. Therefore, a method is needed to determine the position and condition of PT PLN  East Java using the method from the strategic management course, namely the Five Force Analysis Method.