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The main motivation for people to move from their area (rural) to urban is an economic motive. This motive developed due to economic inequality between regions. The most recommended condition is a rational consideration, where individuals mobilize to the city is the expectation of getting a job and earning a higher income than what is obtained in the village (Mantra, 1992). The purpose of this study is to determine the Determinants of Family Welfare of Circular Mobility Actors of Labor from Nusa Penida in the Tourism Sector in Ubud. The research method used is associative because it aims to find the influence of independent variables on one or more dependent variables. The results of the study concluded that: Employment status directly has a positive and significant effect on circular migrant remittances in Ubud District. Then skills, employment status and education level directly have a positive and insignificant effect on circular migrant remittances in Ubud District. Remitan has no positive and insignificant effect on circular migrant remittances in Ubud District.

This study examines how PKBM Kedondong's Package C Equality Education Program empowers the community. Through the Package C equality education program at PKBM Kedondong, this study seeks to characterize the stages of awareness, knowledge transformation, and enrichment of community empowerment. This study is qualitative in nature. Package C students, package C teachers, and managers served as the research subjects. Observation, interviewing, and documentation research techniques were used to gather data. Data verification (conclusion), data display, and data reduction are the methods employed in data analysis. According to the research findings, there are three stages in the community empowerment process at PKBM Kedondong through the Package C Equality Education Program. The first stage is awareness, which has been well- socialized, as evidenced by the usage of word-of-mouth to disseminate knowledge. Second, the learning activity process that is part of the knowledge transformation stage consists of: Package C managers and tutors handle the planning stage, which includes creating a syllabus and a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP). During the in-person learning implementation stage, modules, e-books, YouTube, and the internet are used as media, and lectures, Q&A sessions, and discussions are the methods employed. At this point, the evaluation stage seeks to gauge the students' performance in the learning process of package C equivalency education. Thirdly, the effectiveness of the enrichment stage's implementation is demonstrated by the students' learning outcomes and the post-program coaching that is offered.

This study aims to find out and analyze the criminological review of the crime of trafficking in persons studied in Ende Regency The type of research used in the study is empirical juridical research. Empirical Juridical Research, where prospective researchers conduct research in the field. Data collection technique by conducting interviews with 3 resource persons. As well as the data analysis techniques used, namely descriptive-qualitative analysis. The results of this study show that: (1) The factors that cause the occurrence of trafficking in Ende Regency. Namely, (a) Financial emotional pressure, (b) Lack of legal and moral awareness, (c) Poverty and economic inequality, (d) Lack of education and employment opportunities, (e) social and cultural, (f) family. (2) Efforts to combat trafficking in Ende Regency. In an effort to overcome trafficking in Ende Regency through 3 efforts, Preemptive, Preventive, and Repressive.

This research aims to analyze the ability of Unimed FMIPA Mathematics students in solving absolute value inequalities with the help of the Python program. The problem faced is that students often have difficulty solving inequality problems manually. The purpose of this research is to see the effectiveness of using Python in helping to solve absolute value inequalities and how it affects understanding of mathematical concepts. The method used was qualitative research with a sample of 20 fifth semester students of the Mathematics Study Program, FMIPA, Medan State University. Students are given absolute value inequality problems to solve manually and with the help of Python. Data was collected through online tests and questionnaires using Google Form. The research results show that the majority of students feel that using Python is very helpful in solving absolute value inequalities. As many as 95% of students consider Python to be effective in making it easier to solve mathematical problems and increasing understanding of the concept of absolute value.

This article discusses community empowerment efforts in Segoropuro Village, Rejoso District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province, to overcome problems in education. Through a local wisdom-based Literasanctuary, this program integrates educational, economic and digitalization curricula. The theoretical framework includes increasing public awareness, the role of society in improving education, building economic independence, establishing literacy, empowering the creative economy, equality education programs. Implementation method for implementing the smart village program with 3 learning curricula, smart village mentoring program in Segoropuro literacy by the Pasuruan district education and culture office, monitoring program by the small and medium enterprise cooperative service. This article presents concrete steps towards a smart Segoropuro Village through literature based on local wisdom to build economic independence.

Low achievement of Indonesian students in literacy and numeracy in PISA 2022 (359 and 366 points, far below OECD average of 476-493 points) demands evaluation of factors affecting learning quality. This study analyzes the relationship between teacher welfare management and improvement of student literacy and numeracy through systematic literature review of 44 studies covering 76,990 teachers from 2019-2025. Analysis shows significant relationship between teacher welfare and student academic achievement through three mechanisms: increased teaching efficacy, positive classroom climate creation, and pedagogical innovation development. International comparison reveals significant gaps between Indonesia and developed countries like Japan (teacher salary Rp38 million vs Indonesia Rp800,000-Rp2,000,000). Implementation in Indonesia faces challenges of regional disparities, employment status inequality, and excessive workload. Comprehensive policy reform is needed including compensation standardization, holistic support programs, and longitudinal studies to understand deeper causal mechanisms.  

This study investigates the impact of social protection expenditure on income inequality and Human Development Index (HDI) across multiple countries from 2000 to 2020. Using panel data regression analysis, the study explores whether higher public social spending on healthcare, education, and social services significantly reduces income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, and enhances HDI. The results indicate a strong positive correlation between social protection spending and both reduced inequality and improved HDI. Specifically, countries with higher social protection expenditure, especially those with social-democratic welfare models, exhibit lower income inequality and higher HDI scores. The analysis also highlights significant country-level differences, revealing that while high-income countries with comprehensive social protection systems tend to perform better in terms of human development, low- and middle-income countries with limited spending face persistent challenges in reducing inequality and improving HDI. Further, the study discusses the mechanisms through which social protection policies influence human development, particularly through improved access to education, healthcare, and social services. The findings suggest that integrating social protection with broader economic policies can lead to sustainable reductions in inequality and improvements in human development outcomes. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the role of social protection in fostering inclusive growth and human development, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive and efficient social protection systems, especially in developing countries.

This study examines the relationship between educational attainment, gender inequality in education, and their impact on unemployment rates and economic resilience across various regions. Gender inequality in education has long-term consequences on labor market outcomes and economic stability. In regions with higher gender inequality, the underutilization of female talent results in higher unemployment rates and weaker economic resilience. In contrast, regions with higher gender equality in education show improved labor market performance and a more resilient economy. The study utilizes cross-regional regression analysis, incorporating data on education levels, gender inequality indices, unemployment rates, and economic resilience metrics. The findings suggest that gender inequality in education plays a more significant role in shaping unemployment rates and economic resilience than traditional macroeconomic variables such as GDP and inflation. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of improving access to education for underrepresented genders, particularly women, to foster more inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The study emphasizes the need for policies that promote gender equality in education as a means to enhance labor market outcomes and strengthen economic resilience. Limitations of the study include potential data constraints and regional variations in cultural, economic, and policy contexts, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. Future research could expand this study by exploring different regions and countries to gain a deeper understanding of the long-term effects of reducing gender inequality in education on economic outcomes.

Industrialization, while often driving economic growth, has led to significant environmental degradation, particularly in marginalized communities. These populations, already vulnerable due to socio-economic and geographic factors, bear the brunt of the environmental harm caused by industrial activities. This study explores the role of social-legal instruments in mitigating ecological inequality, focusing on their ability to reduce environmental burdens and empower marginalized communities in industrializing regions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining environmental data mapping and legal framework assessment. The study found that social-legal interventions, including rights-based advocacy, legal aid, and community participation, significantly reduced ecological disparities. By improving access to legal resources and fostering active community engagement in environmental governance, these interventions empowered vulnerable populations to advocate for their environmental rights. Positive correlations were found between the implementation of robust legal frameworks and reductions in pollution exposure, highlighting the effectiveness of integrating environmental and social protections. However, the study also identified several barriers to the effective implementation of these instruments, including political resistance, resource limitations, and unequal access to legal support. These challenges hinder the full realization of social-legal frameworks' potential. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers to strengthen social-legal instruments by incorporating social equity into environmental regulations and improving the resources available to marginalized communities. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impacts of social-legal interventions and their scalability to other industrializing regions, with an emphasis on enhancing both ecological and social outcomes.

This study highlights the importance of differentiated learning in the educational context, particularly for equivalency program students. Education serves as a process for delivering culture that supports the development of attitudes and knowledge. Within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum, teachers are expected to innovate in delivering material and instilling character values. The goal of differentiated learning is to meet the diverse needs of students, considering the unique characteristics of each individual that influence their learning styles. There are four main components of differentiated learning: differentiation of content, process, product, and learning environment. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method to explore the implementation of differentiated learning in writing expository texts. The findings indicate that despite challenges such as a lack of training for teachers, the application of appropriate strategies can enhance students' writing skills. This study recommends further support for teachers to effectively implement differentiated learning, creating meaningful and inclusive learning experiences for students.

The short story "Gerobak" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma reflects the complexity of social inequality and the impact of structural poverty in urban society. Using a structuralism approach, this study analyzes the theme, plot, characters, setting, point of view, and moral message in this short story. The analysis reveals the coherence between intrinsic elements that provides a profound critique of social injustice and environmental degradation. This work highlights the importance of collective moral responsibility in creating social justice and maintaining environmental balance.

Domestic violence (DV) remains a persistent social issue that requires serious attention, particularly in rural areas like Wonoharjo Village. This community service program aimed to enhance the understanding and awareness of the community regarding DV prevention through a series of educational activities, conflict resolution training, and group discussions. A participatory approach was employed to actively involve the community in each stage of the program. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the knowledge and skills of the community concerning DV prevention. Furthermore, the formation of community task forces and the emergence of local leaders served as key indicators of social change. This program successfully raised collective awareness about gender equality and women's rights in the village. The recommendation is to continue education and support programs to ensure sustainable prevention of domestic violence.

This research to investigate empirical of tax knowledge, self-efficacy, gender on career desire in the field of tax for Tax Volunteer Students in Banten Province. This study uses a quantitative method (questionnaire). As much as 654 Tax Voluntary Students with a sample of 167 VoluntarY- Sample collection method was using the convenience sampling technique. The information examination utilized could be linear regression test. The speculation testing in this consider appear that knowledge of taxation and gender have an effect on career desire  in taxation for tax voluntary students in Banten province, while self-efficacy no effect on career desire  in tax for tax voluntary students in Banten province. Based on this research, tax knowledge and gender socialization need to be improved for students because in addition to high tax knowledge, gender equality in the world of work can also increase career desire in the tax field for tax voluntary students in the Banten province.

Indonesia's economic and social transformation has been significantly reinforced by the implementation of the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) through digitalization. This research investigates the impact of the implementation of QRIS on the digitalization of MSMEs in the promotion of religious moderation and the establishment of social harmony. This research discovered that the adoption of QRIS not only enhances transaction efficiency and financial inclusion, but also fortifies social interactions among individuals from a variety of backgrounds, through surveys and direct assistance to 30 MSMEs in Pudakpayunh Village. The findings indicate that QRIS plays a role in the reduction of economic inequality, the enhancement of welfare, and the reinforcement of ethical values in business, all of which contribute to the establishment of a more harmonious and moderate social life. As a result, the implementation of QRIS is not only pertinent in an economic context, but also as a means of enhancing social cohesion and diversity in Indonesia.

Zakat is one of the main pillars of Islam, required of Muslims who possess wealth exceeding the nisab threshold. Beyond its religious obligation, zakat also serves as a strategic tool for poverty alleviation and socioeconomic enhancement. The primary objective of zakat is to purify the wealth and soul of the muzakki (zakat giver) and to assist the mustahik (zakat recipients) in meeting their basic needs. In Indonesia, with its large Muslim population, the potential for zakat is significant, yet its impact on poverty reduction remains limited. Optimal zakat management is essential to ensure targeted distribution. Zakat includes eight categories of recipients: fakir, miskin, amil, muallaf, riqab, gharim, fii sabilillah, and ibn sabil. Through a productive approach, zakat can provide business capital and training to mustahik, enhancing their economic self-sufficiency and reducing social inequality. This study employs a library research method and a qualitative approach to explore the role of zakat in improving community welfare. The findings indicate that effective zakat management, especially in the form of productive zakat, can strengthen social solidarity and promote economic empowerment. Zakat functions not only as wealth redistribution but also as a holistic empowerment tool, contributing to achieving more equitable and comprehensive societal welfare.  

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of factors that affect the level of public welfare in Balikpapan City in the period 2006-2023. The method used in the study is the quantitative data analysis method and the data analysis method using a path diagram with 4 dimensions of measurement, namely, the Level of Public Welfare measured by the Human Development Index (HDI), the Income Inequality Index measured by the Gini Ratio Index, Economic Growth, Population Growth Rate. The results of this study indicate that Economic Growth has a negative but insignificant effect on Income Disparity (Gini Ratio Index), Population Growth has a negative and significant effect on Income Disparity (Gini Ratio Index), Economic Growth directly has a positive but insignificant effect on the level of population welfare (Human Development Index), Population Growth directly has a negative but insignificant effect on the level of population welfare (Human Development Index), Income Disparity Level (Gini Ratio) has a positive and significant effect on the Level of Community Welfare (HDI) of Balikpapan City, Economic Growth through the Formation of Population Welfare (Gini Ratio Index) has a negative effect on the Level of Community Welfare (HDI) of Balikpapan City and Population Growth through the Formation of Population Welfare (Gini Ratio Index) has a negative effect on the Level of Community Welfare (HDI) of Balikpapan City.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the socio-economic conditions of poor families on the formal education of children in Sialangmunggu Subdistrict, Tuah Madani District, Pekanbaru City. The background of this research is based on the fact that education is an essential need for human survival, and the quality of life of an individual is greatly determined by the level of education they attain. However, access to quality education remains a challenge for families with low economic backgrounds. This research uses a qualitative approach with the theoretical framework of symbolic violence as explained by Pierre Bourdieu, which describes how social structures can create and maintain inequality in access to education. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with research subjects who are parents from poor families in the study location. The results of the study indicate that the family's economic limitations significantly affect the children's education, as seen from the low level of educational participation, difficulties in meeting educational needs, and the psychological impact on children. Parents from poor families often face difficult choices between meeting daily needs and ensuring their children remain in school. The conclusion of this study indicates that efforts to improve access and quality of education for poor families are essential to break the cycle of poverty and enhance social mobility.

A good country's economy can be seen from the level of prosperity of its people. To see the welfare of society in a country, it can be measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). The level of social welfare between regions indicates that there is inequality between regions. The objects of this research are 9 regencies/cities in Bali Province. The descriptive quantitative method used in this research is the Secondary Data Analysis (ADS) approach. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that partial economic growth has a positive and significant effect on the welfare of the people in districts/cities in Bali Province. The unemployment rate partially has a positive and significant effect on the welfare of the people in the Regencies/Cities in Bali Province and the poverty rate partially has a positive and insignificant effect on the welfare of the people in the Regencies/Cities in the Province of Bali.

This study aims to determine the Effect of Economic Growth and Inflation and Unemployment Rate on the Human Development Index and Poverty in East Kalimantan Province. Inferential data analysis techniques using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results of the study indicate that the Human Development Index (HDI) has a significant effect on the unemployment rate in East Kalimantan Province, with a probability value smaller than the specified significance level. There are disparities that need to be considered in development in rural areas to ensure equal opportunities for all residents to achieve a better quality of life. Rural areas still face challenges in access to education and health services, as well as regional disparities in development, which need to be addressed through appropriate and sustainable policies. Assistance programs such as Direct Cash Assistance (BLT), National Health Insurance (JKN), and the Family Hope Program (PKH) have helped reduce the burden on the poor by providing access to basic needs. Efforts to improve the quality of education, health, and infrastructure in rural areas are the main focus to create a more prosperous and independent society. Although there has been progress in poverty alleviation, there are still challenges such as regional inequality, quality of education and health, and economic diversification that need to be addressed. Collaboration between the government, private sector, and civil society is needed to create sustainable and effective solutions to overcome poverty in East Kalimantan. Economic growth, inflation, and unemployment rates are interrelated and significantly affect the Human Development Index and poverty rates in East Kalimantan Province. Therefore, comprehensive and sustainable policies are needed to achieve inclusive and equitable development in this region.

Rahmah's belief in the role of education as one of the right ways to raise the status of women has been held since she was a teenager. Therefore, Rahmah wanted to establish a special religious college for women. This research aims to find out how Rahmah El-Yunusiyah's ideas on Islamic education for women. The method used in this research is the Systematic literature review (SLR) method. The data of this research is taken from the google scholar database, the author uses google scholar as the main source of information by analyzing documents related to Rahmah El-Yunusiyah's ideas on Islamic Education for women. The results showed that a woman must learn as high as possible because a woman is the first madrasa for future generations, so this is what Rahmah El-Yunusiyah has always fought for in raising the status of women to get learning, but in fighting for this it cannot be separated from the pros and cons but it all does not eliminate Rahmah El-Yunusiyah's enthusiasm in fighting for gender equality in education by establishing AL-Madrasah AL-Diniyyah Li Al-Banat.