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Chronic kidney disease is one of the global health problems that requires long-term therapy, one of which is through hemodialysis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adherence to treatment and diet is a key factor in improving the quality of life for patients with chronic diseases. An appropriate diet plays an important role in controlling electrolyte levels, fluids, and toxic substances in the body. This study aims to describe the knowledge and dietary compliance of patients undergoing hemodialysis at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025.This research used a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 36 patients selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed based on dietary guidelines for hemodialysis patients according to WHO and the Indonesian Ministry of Health standards. The results showed that among the 36 hemodialysis patients, 15 respondents (41.7%) had a good level of knowledge, 14 respondents (38.9%) had a moderate level, and 7 respondents (19.4%) had a low level of knowledge. Regarding dietary compliance, 13 respondents (36.1%) were compliant, 18 respondents (50.0%) were moderately compliant, and 3 respondents (13.9%) were non-compliant. There was a tendency showing that higher knowledge levels were positively correlated with better dietary compliance, in line with WHO’s principle that health education is an essential intervention in managing chronic diseases. This study recommends strengthening ongoing educational programs by healthcare professionals, particularly in delivering accurate and easy-to-understand information about diet management for hemodialysis patients.

Chronic kidney disease is one of the global health problems that requires long-term therapy, one of which is through hemodialysis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adherence to treatment and diet is a key factor in improving the quality of life for patients with chronic diseases. An appropriate diet plays an important role in controlling electrolyte levels, fluids, and toxic substances in the body. This study aims to describe the knowledge and dietary compliance of patients undergoing hemodialysis at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025.This research used a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 36 patients selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed based on dietary guidelines for hemodialysis patients according to WHO and the Indonesian Ministry of Health standards. The results showed that among the 36 hemodialysis patients, 15 respondents (41.7%) had a good level of knowledge, 14 respondents (38.9%) had a moderate level, and 7 respondents (19.4%) had a low level of knowledge. Regarding dietary compliance, 13 respondents (36.1%) were compliant, 18 respondents (50.0%) were moderately compliant, and 3 respondents (13.9%) were non-compliant. There was a tendency showing that higher knowledge levels were positively correlated with better dietary compliance, in line with WHO’s principle that health education is an essential intervention in managing chronic diseases. This study recommends strengthening ongoing educational programs by healthcare professionals, particularly in delivering accurate and easy-to-understand information about diet management for hemodialysis patients.

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), diabetes mellitus is a chronic and complex disease that requires ongoing management and various strategies to control blood sugar levels and reduce associated risks. Patient Mrs. J, a 52-year-old woman and farmer, presented with complaints of numbness and tingling in both legs that began approximately 2 months prior to her current visit and had worsened over the past week. The symptoms felt like being pricked and sometimes felt hot, especially at night, thereby interfering with daily activities. The symptoms were accompanied by frequent urination, especially at night, frequent thirst, frequent hunger, a feeling of weakness, and intermittent blurred vision. The patient had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus approximately 5 years ago but did not consistently take medication (glimepiride). The patient still frequently consumes sweet, coconut-based, and fried foods. Physical examination revealed reduced sensation in the lower extremities. Laboratory tests showed elevated blood sugar levels. Based on the medical history, physical examination, and supporting tests, the patient was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The patient was advised to record test results and changes in his health status in a health record book, and to involve family members in supporting treatment adherence and a healthy lifestyle. The patient works as a farmer with an irregular income, depending on the harvest. Daily expenses are shared with his son, so his economic condition

Fertilization serves as a fundamental component of crop cultivation, wherein the application of mineral nutrients is crucial for plant nourishment, facilitating various physiological processes critical for growth and development. The objective of this study is to establish an optimal recommended dosage that enhances cabbage growth and yield. The experimental design employed in this study was a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consist of seven fertilization levels, as follows: No fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or potassium (K) (P0), reference fertilization (P1), 0.5 dose of unbalanced compound fertilizers (P2), 0.75 dose of unbalanced compound fertilizers (P3), 1.0 dose of unbalanced compound fertilizers (P4), 1.25 dose of unbalanced compound fertilizers (P5), and 1.5 dose of unbalanced compound fertilizers (P6). The experiment indicated that the application of unbalanced compound fertilizers enhances cabbage plant growth, as evidenced by increased plant height and leaf number compared to the control treatment. Additionally, fertilization improves yield components relative to untreated plants. The application of 0.5 doses of unbalanced compound fertilizers proves agronomically effective, yielding the highest relative agronomic effectiveness at 169%, meaning a 1.69-fold increase in yield. Economically, the same dosage is also highly beneficial, achieving the highest R/C ratio of 2.35 and generating a profit of Rp. 14,365,150. The study results confirm that unbalanced compound fertilizers were both agronomically effective and economically advantageous. The recommended dosage for cabbage cultivation is 134 kg/ha, applied in two stages: 50% at 1 WAT (weeks after transplanting) and the remaining 50% at 4 WAT.

Population growth and socio-economic activities increase traffic volume, affecting the performance of the Raden Kusno – A. Djaelani – Sujarwo signalized intersection. This study aims to analyze the intersection’s current performance, estimate its condition over the next five years, and formulate alternative treatment strategies. The research data include geometric characteristics, signal timing, vehicle speed, and traffic volume obtained from CCTV recording over a three-day observation period from moning to evening, as well as population and vehicle data for projection. The intersection performance was analyzed using the PKJI 2023 approach and VISSIM simulation. Under current conditions, the intersection operates at LOS E with delays of 45,12 seconds (PKJI 2023) dan 60,56 seconds (VISSIM). In the five-year projection, delays increase to 48,97 seconds with LOS E (PKJI 2023) and 131,29 seconds with LOS F (VISSIM). Modifying the signal from four to three phases with a 70-second cycle improves the current condition to LOS C, with delays of 24,50 seconds (PKJI 2023) and 29,43 seconds (VISSIM). For the five-year projection, adding a continuous left-turn lane results in LOS D with 27,04 seconds (PKJI 2023) and LOS C with 32,01 seconds (VISSIM).

Vegetables are food commodities widely consumed by the public due to their high nutritional content. Chili (Capsicum annuum L.), green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensia L.) are among the vegetables that can be processed into various delicious dishes or consumed fresh as raw vegetables. To obtain healthy and high-quality vegetable crops, pesticides are commonly used to control pests that may damage the plants. One of the widely used pesticides is chlorpyrifos, which can leave residues that may pose both acute and chronic health risks. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the levels of chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in vegetables. The residue levels were determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 230 nm with dichloromethane as the solvent, while qualitative analysis was performed using HPLC by comparing the retention times of standard solutions and vegetable samples. In this study, washing treatments were applied to the vegetables using dichloromethane, distilled water, well water, and tap water (PDAM) to evaluate the effect of washing on pesticide residue levels. The concentrations of pesticide residues in unwashed vegetables were chili (2.6680 ± 0.0214 mg/kg), green beans (2.4658 ± 0.0193 mg/kg), and Chinese cabbage (2.7950 ± 0.0379 mg/kg). The washing process was carried out three times for each solvent. After three washings using dichloromethane and distilled water, pesticide residues were no longer detected, whereas washing with tap water (PDAM) and well water still left residues, although at levels much lower than the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). The health risk assessment showed that the aHQ and cHQ values were < 1, indicating that consumption within the recommended limits of these samples does not pose health risks, either in the short term or long term. This study provides important information that repeated washing is necessary to effectively reduce pesticide residue levels in vegetables before consumption.  

Edentulism is a condition of total tooth loss that has a significant impact on the efficiency of mastics, phonetics, and facial aesthetics. This case report presents the rehabilitation of a 72-year-old female patient with a condition of total mandible edentulus using two standard-diameter implants that support the overdenture with a locator retention system. Treatment procedures include clinical evaluation, radiographic analysis, implant placement, prosthesis placement, as well as follow-up evaluation to assess function and comfort. The results of the treatment showed an increase in patient retention, stability, and comfort in daily activities. In addition, patients reported improved confidence and quality of life after the use of implant-based overdentures. These findings confirm that overdenture with mandibular implant support is a predictive, effective, and reliable rehabilitation method in treating total edentulism. The success of this case provides clinical evidence that implant-based approaches are able to overcome the limitations of conventional prostheses, as well as being a solution that supports the functional and psychosocial aspects of elderly patients. Thus, implant-based overdenture can be recommended as the primary therapeutic option in the rehabilitation of mandibular edentulism.

This studyyaims tooevaluate environmental activities at the Tenggilis Community Health Center by assessing compliance with occupational health and safety, risk management, and environmental health aspects. The method used is descriptiveequalitative with dataacollection through questionnaires, observation,iinterviews, andddocumentation. The analysis was conducted through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that the Tenggilis Community Health Center has generally met the criteria in each aspect, buttthere are still someeshortcomings. Innthe OSH aspect, training needs to be scheduled immediately. In risk management, all policies need to beeupdated to include the name and signature of theenew head offthe CommunityyHealth Center. In the environmental health aspect, deficiencies were found relateddto the completeness offthe administration of technical approval for wastewater quality standards and permits for B3 waste storage and wastewater treatment plants, which must be resolved immediately.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a horticultural plant widely used as a fresh vegetable and herbal ingredient. Efforts to increase basil growth and production can be achieved through environmentally friendly organic fertilization, one of which is the use of cow manure and eco- enzymes. The purpose of this study was to determine the response due to the provision of eco enzyme and cow manure on the growth and production of basil plants. This research method used a factorial randomized block design (RAK) with two factors. The first factor was the provision of cow manure with 4 levels, namely S0 = no treatment, S1 = 200g, S2 = 300g, S3 = 400g. The second factor was the provision of EE with 4 levels, namely E0 = no treatment, E1 = 10ml, E2 = 20ml, E3 = 30ml. The observation parameters of this study were plant height, stem diameter, number of primary branches, fresh weight, root length, flowering age. The results of this study are expected to provide recommendations for effective organic fertilization to increase basil plant productivity sustainably.

The purpose of this study was to determine how the application of Local Microorganisms (LOM) from stale rice and oil palm boiler ash impacts the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) and to determine the interaction between the two treatments. Shallots are a horticultural commodity with high economic value, so efforts are needed to increase production through the use of environmentally friendly organic materials. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was LOM from stale rice with four levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 ml/L water/plot) and the second factor was oil palm boiler ash with four levels (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 grams/plot), resulting in 16 treatment combinations and 48 experimental plots. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh weight of bulbs, dry weight of bulbs, and bulb diameter. If there was a significant effect, the data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA). This research is expected to produce scientific data on the use of organic waste as an environmentally friendly fertilizer alternative.

This study aims to examine the effects of applying a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method combined with PhET simulation tools on enhancing critical thinking skills among eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 4 Singaraja when learning vibration and wave topics. It adopted a quasi-experimental approach with a Pretest-Posttest setup and non-equivalent control group design. The participant cohort comprised 75 students distributed across two groups: the treatment group (n=38) who engaged in learning activities using PBL supplemented by PhET simulation, and the comparison group (n=37) who received PBL instruction without PhET simulation support. Data collection was conducted through essay-type assessment instruments containing 7 questions designed to evaluate critical thinking competencies based on Ennis' theoretical framework. Data processing employed descriptive statistical analysis, N-Gain Score computation and ANCOVA testing were conducted at a 0.05 significance level. Results showed the treatment group's average Posttest score at 84, compared to 66 for the control group. The ANCOVA produced an F-value of 103.701 (p < 0.001), confirming a statistically significant difference in critical thinking skills between the groups. The adjusted mean Posttest scores were 83.99 for the treatment group and 66.01 for the comparison group, reflecting a differential of 17.99 points. Consequently, the findings substantiate that the integration of PBL with PhET simulation demonstrates greater effectiveness in fostering students' critical thinking skills in comparison to conventional PBL implementation without technology-enhanced simulation assistance.

A Normocytic normochromic anemia is one of the most common types of anemia found in geriatric patients with chronic diseases or acute bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) may cause continuous blood loss resulting in decreased hemoglobin levels. This case report discusses a 72-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia Regional General Hospital with complaints of black stools for four days prior to admission accompanied by epigastric pain, nausea, weakness, and pallor. The patient had a history of long-term use of analgesic and anti-gout medications due to chronic joint pain, which was suspected to be a risk factor for UGIB. Physical examination revealed pale conjunctiva and tachycardia, while laboratory findings showed hemoglobin of 7.1 g/dL, hematocrit of 23.3%, MCV of 82 fL, MCH of 29 pg, and uric acid level of 11.56 mg/dL, leading to the diagnosis of normocytic normochromic anemia caused by UGIB accompanied by gout arthritis. The patient received intravenous fluid therapy, proton pump inhibitors, antifibrinolytic agents, gastroprotective therapy, packed red cell transfusion, and other supportive treatments. During hospitalization, clinical improvement was observed, including cessation of gastrointestinal bleeding, reduced epigastric pain, and increased hemoglobin level to 8.6 g/dL. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management in geriatric patients with anemia caused by UGIB and comorbid gout arthritis.

This study aims to (1) identify the effect of using the Direct Instruction learning model on the discipline character values of students in the special sports class at SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo, (2) identify the effect of using the Inquiry Learning model on the discipline character values of students in the special sports class at SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo,  (3) identify the effect of using the Project-Based Learning model on the discipline character values of students in the special sports class at SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo, and (4) determine the most effective learning model among Direct Instruction, Inquiry Learning, and Project-Based Learning in improving the discipline character values of students in the special sports class at SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo. This research is an experimental study using a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design, namely the one-group pretest–posttest design. In this design, a single group is given a pretest (O), followed by a treatment (X), and then a posttest. The effect of the treatment can be identified more accurately by comparing the pretest and posttest scores. The stages of the One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design include determining the sample, conducting a pretest to measure students’ initial conditions, administering the treatment, and finally conducting a posttest to identify the results of the treatment. The results of the analysis indicate that all three learning models have a positive effect on improving students’ discipline. The improvement is reflected in the overall mean score, which increased from 114.03 (pretest) to 117.99 (posttest). The improvement scores for each learning model are as follows: Direct Instruction showed a 4% increase by improving compliance through structured learning; Inquiry Learning encouraged independence and self-control through discovery processes with a 3% increase; while Project-Based Learning resulted in a 4% increase in discipline. Thus, it can be concluded that all learning models contribute to the development of discipline character values. These findings provide practical implications for physical education teachers in selecting character-based learning models that are more appropriate.

Cholelithiasis is the formation of hardened bile deposits within the gallbladder due to an imbalance in the chemical composition of bile, which can cause symptoms ranging from abdominal pain to serious complications such as cholecystitis, biliary obstruction, and gallbladder infection. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patient characteristics and the length of hospital stay in cholelithiasis patients at Cut Meutia General Hospital. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach and a retrospective study, employing a total sampling technique with 50 patients. The results showed that most patients were female (52.0%), with the largest age group being late elderly (28.0%). The most common surgical technique was laparoscopic cholecystectomy (42.0%), and the majority of patients received surgical management (60.0%). Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test showed significant relationships between age (p=0.000), gender (p=0.044), surgical technique (p=0.029), and management (p=0.045) with the length of hospital stay in cholelithiasis patients. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between patient characteristics and the length of hospital stay in cholelithiasis patients.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L) ) is one of the most important horticultural commodities widely consumed in Indonesia and has high economic value. To maintain productivity and prevent pest attacks, farmers commonly apply chemical pesticides intensively. However, excessive and improper pesticide application can leave harmful residues on the surface and within the tissues of chili fruits. The accumulation of these residues not only poses health risks to consumers but also contributes to environmental pollution, particularly in wastewater generated from chili washing activities. This study aims to reduce pesticide residues of Cherizeb and Emacel in chili washing water using the photolysis methodassisted by a ZnO/zeolite catalyst. Zinc oxide (ZnO) acts as a photocatalyst activated by ultraviolet (UV) light to produce reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) capable of decomposing complex organic compounds into simpler compounds such as CO₂ and H₂O. Meanwhile, zeolite is used as a catalyst support due to its large surface area and high adsorption capacity, allowing adsorption and photocatalytic processes to occur simultaneously. The results showed that the photolysis method using the ZnO/zeolite catalyst significantly reduced pesticide residues, with optimum degradation efficiencies of 85.66% for Cherizeb using 0.8 g ZnO/zeolite under UV irradiation for 60 minutes, and 83.97% for Emacel using 0.8 g ZnO/zeolite under UV irradiation for 75 minutes. The samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups, indicating the disappearance of specific organic functional groups. Pesticide residues on chili samples were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine concentrations before and after treatment. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the crystalline structure of the catalyst remained stable after the photolysis process. Based on these findings, the ZnO/zeolite catalyst is proven to be effective in reducing pesticide residues through photocatalytic degradation and has the potential to be applied as a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly post-harvest technology to improve the quality of agricultural products.

This study aims to examine the effect of rhythmic gymnastics on the gross motor development of children aged 5–6 years. The research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 30 children divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group, each comprising 15 children. Data were collected through observation using a gross motor development assessment instrument and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed an improvement in gross motor skills in the experimental group after receiving rhythmic gymnastics treatment. The mean score increased from 23.8 (pretest) to 40.67 (posttest), while the control group increased from 22.2 to 32.33. Category distribution indicated that the experimental group was dominated by high and very high levels, whereas the control group remained in moderate and high categories. The findings indicate that rhythmic gymnastics has a positive effect on the gross motor development of children aged 5–6 years and can be used as an effective learning method in early childhood education.

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is one of the most common arrhythmias in the pediatric population, often resulting from re-entry mechanisms involving accessory pathways or dual atrioventricular nodal physiology. Although generally well tolerated in children with structurally normal hearts, its management can be challenging, particularly in recurrent or persistent cases. This study is a case report describing a pediatric patient with hemodynamically stable SVT treated at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records, including history taking, physical examination, and supporting investigations such as serial electrocardiography (ECG), laboratory tests, chest radiography, and transthoracic echocardiography. Management was conducted according to current clinical guidelines, including vagal maneuvers, pharmacological therapy with beta-blockers and antiarrhythmic agents (amiodarone), and monitoring of treatment response based on clinical evaluation and ECG, along with identification and treatment of underlying triggers. We report a case of a 10-year-old female presenting with suspected SVT and pericarditis, who experienced episodes of narrow QRS complex tachycardia that were successfully converted to sinus rhythm following amiodarone administration. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed mild to moderate tricuspid regurgitation with preserved ventricular function. Laboratory and radiological findings suggested an underlying inflammatory process, which was considered a triggering factor. This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach in the diagnosis and management of pediatric SVT, including addressing underlying conditions and ensuring continuous monitoring to prevent recurrence.

This study aimed to determine the effect of coffee husk waste application and shallot extract soaking on the growth of cat’s whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) cuttings. The research employed a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors with 48 experimental plots. The first factor was the application of coffee husk waste, symbolized as “L,” with four treatment levels: L0 = 0 g/polybag (without coffee husk waste), L1 = 75 g/polybag, L2 = 150 g/polybag, and L3 = 225 g/polybag. The second factor was shallot extract soaking, symbolized as “B,” with four treatment levels: B0 = 0 ml/L of water, B1 = 5 ml/L of water, B2 = 10 ml/L of water, and B3 = 15 ml/L of water. Thus, there were 16 treatment combinations with three replications. The observed parameters included time to shoot emergence, number of shoots, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and survival percentage. The results showed that the application of coffee husk waste and shallot extract soaking had no significant effect on the growth of cat’s whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) cuttings across all observed parameters.

Hypertension is a major public health concern with a high prevalence and a significant risk of complications if left uncontrolled. Effective management requires not only pharmacological treatment but also non-pharmacological approaches and active family involvement. One potential non-pharmacological therapy is the use of celery (Apium graveolens), which is believed to lower blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of family education combined with celery decoction administration in reducing blood pressure among patients with hypertension. A descriptive case study design was employed using a family nursing care approach over three home visits, each lasting 30–45 minutes. The intervention included health education on hypertension and a demonstration of how to prepare and administer celery decoction, which was consumed twice daily. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and blood pressure measurements. The results showed a reduction in blood pressure from 159/90 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg, along with a decrease in symptoms such as headaches and dizziness. In addition, there was an improvement in family knowledge, caregiving skills, and the ability to modify the home environment. In conclusion, family-based education combined with the administration of celery decoction appears to be effective in reducing blood pressure and enhancing the family’s role in managing hypertension.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using E-Short Story media in teaching children’s story reading skills to fifth-grade students of SD 12/79 Batu Gading, Mare District. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The research subjects consisted of 32 fifth-grade students. The instrument used was a reading comprehension test administered before and after the implementation of the E-Short Story media. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a t-test to identify differences in students’ learning outcomes before and after the treatment. The results showed an improvement in students’ ability to read and understand children’s stories after the use of E-Short Story media. The mean posttest score was higher than the mean pretest score, indicating that the E-Short Story media was effective in improving reading skills. The use of E-Short Story media also increased students’ learning motivation, comprehension of story content, and active participation in the learning process. Therefore, E-Short Story media is recommended as an alternative learning medium for teaching reading in elementary schools.