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The high pedestrian activity and traffic flow in the education area on Jalan Raya Abepura-Sentani Jayapura City led to the provision of Pedestrian Bridges (JPO) in two locations, namely in front of the Cenderawasih University Auditorium (JPO-1) and in front of SMP YPPK Santu Paulus (JPO-2). This research was conducted to determine the suitability of the physical geometric standards of the pedestrian bridge and its level of effectiveness, as well as factors that affect pedestrian satisfaction in using the two Pedestrian Bridge (JPO) facilities. Geometric analysis was carried out using the standard of Pedestrian Bridge Planning Procedures for Urban Pedestrians (1995) and Technical Planning of Pedestrian Facilities (2023), calculation of the level of effectiveness using the volume of crossings, and analysis of service satisfaction using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results found that the condition of JPO-2 is better and meets the standards because it uses a slope that can be used by people with disabilities, while the slope on the steps of JPO-1 is too steep (40°) and narrow with a width of 1.4 meters, so the effectiveness level of JPO-2 is higher (67%) than JPO-1 (52%). Factors affecting user satisfaction are aspects of comfort, safety, and security.  The main obstacles in using the pedestrian bridge are dirty conditions, no lighting, the presence of people under the influence of alcohol or extortionists, and damage to the Pedestrian Bridge (JPO) facilities.

The important function of bridges in the transportation system requires bridge performance to always be in prime condition. The reliability of the bridge structure in carrying the traffic load on it is the main parameter to guarantee the performance of a bridge. Bridge performance can always be maintained by regularly checking. This article about the evaluation of existing bridges takes a case study of the Maribaya A Bridge which was built in 1972 and is located on Jalan Bts. Tegal City – Bts. The city of Pemalang, which is part of the Pantura, is known for having a heavy load. The Maribaya A Bridge has a total of three spans, spans 1 and 3 with a length of 15 m, and span 2 with a length of 30 m. The evaluation was carried out on the superstructure, the cast in situ type girder components. The analysis is carried out using the rating factor method by comparing the capacity of the girder with the traffic load above it. The calculation results show that the rating factor value for spans 1 and 3 is 0.40 and for span 2 is 0.19. The rating factor value for the entire span shows <1.00, means that the superstructure capacity of the Maribaya A Bridge is no longer able to withstand the traffic load. Serious attention is needed, bridge reconstruction is absolutely necessary.

This research explores increasing the efficiency of network resource use through load balancing techniques. Load balancing distributes workload evenly among servers to optimize resource usage, maximize throughput, and minimize response time. We compare various load balancing algorithms, such as round-robin, least connections, and least response time, in various network scenarios. Experimental results show that proper load balancing techniques can reduce response time by up to 30% and increase resource usage efficiency by up to 40%. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate algorithms based on network traffic and workload characteristics. Implementing effective load balancing strategies can improve the quality of network services and ensure even distribution of workloads, providing practical guidance for network administrators to optimize network performance and efficiency.

Computer networks and the Internet are currently developing very rapidly, especially the role of the internet as a source of information, demanding excellent connection quality. Hotel Puri Indah Mataram, for example, has used two internet service providers (ISP) to handle the surge in demand from customers/guests. When there is an increase in requests, network devices become burdened because they have to process more requests. One solution is to implement load balancing, namely distributing the traffic load to network devices so that it is not centralized on just one ISP. This aims to ensure traffic runs optimally, increase throughput, speed up response time, and prevent overload on one connection line. This technique will optimize network performance by utilizing a two-path connection distribution method known as the NTH method. In addition, a failover technique will be implemented, where if one gateway connection is lost, another gateway will automatically take over all network traffic. This aims to ensure continuous service availability. Finally, there will be bandwidth management for all clients, so that bandwidth distribution becomes more even and efficient.

In the present day, many have used communication tools to share data as text, video, images, or sound and the like. There is a speed of data transmission depending on the delivery method, if there is a system error then the data is likely not to be sent, therefore there are various types of data managers so that there are no obstacles or errors during the data transmission process. The star topology was chosen for its advantages in network management, trouble shooting and providing reliable and easy-to-organize connectivity. The main focus is to evaluate the efficacy and effeciency of the star topology in handling different amounts of data traffic using performance characteristics including packet loss, jitter, delay, and throughput. And the use of switching in the star topology can provide optimal and stable performance under high traffic load can provide reliability and efficiency in data traffic management.

This study explores the development and evaluation of an adaptive Intrusion Detection and Response System (IDRS) driven by Reinforcement Learning (RL) for securing 5G networks. The RL-based IDS is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional security systems by dynamically learning from real time network traffic and adapting to emerging cyber threats. Introduction: The rapid growth of 5G networks, with their increased number of connected devices and complex traffic patterns, necessitates advanced security solutions that can detect and respond to evolving cyberattacks. Literature Review: Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), including signature based and anomaly based methods, are not equipped to handle the dynamic nature of 5G networks, leading to high false positives and low detection accuracy. In contrast, RL offers significant improvements in adaptability, detection accuracy, and response time. Materials and Method: The study simulates 5G network traffic and develops an RL-based IDS using Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) techniques. The performance of the RL-based system is compared to traditional IDS systems, focusing on detection accuracy, false positive rates, and response times. Results and Discussion: The RL-driven IDS demonstrated superior performance, achieving higher detection accuracy (95%) and faster response times (30 milliseconds) compared to traditional methods. However, challenges such as computational cost and model interpretability were identified. The study emphasizes the importance of adaptive learning mechanisms and the integration of RL into Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) to enhance the security of 5G networks.

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are revolutionizing transportation by relying on advanced AI techniques like deep learning and reinforcement learning for decision-making and navigation. However, concerns about the opacity of traditional AI models in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving raise issues related to safety, accountability, and trust. This study explores the integration of Explainable AI (XAI) techniques in AV systems to enhance transparency and interpretability while maintaining high prediction accuracy. XAI methods, such as LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) and SHAP (SHapley Additive ExPlanations), provide understandable justifications for AI-driven decisions, addressing biases, fairness, and accountability. These techniques also support regulatory compliance and foster public trust in AVs. A mixed-methods approach, combining experimental simulations and user surveys, was employed to integrate XAI into AV systems and test its performance in urban traffic and highway driving scenarios. Feedback from users, collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, revealed that XAI-enhanced systems significantly improved the interpretability of AV decisions, leading to higher user trust and satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of balancing model complexity with interpretability, demonstrating that XAI techniques are crucial for building trust and ensuring accountability in autonomous driving systems.

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are vital for managing and controlling critical infrastructures, such as industrial control systems, power grids, and transportation networks. These systems integrate digital and physical components, offering numerous benefits for industrial automation. However, the increasing interconnectivity of these systems has introduced new security vulnerabilities, particularly in anomaly detection and system reliability. This research aims to address these challenges by proposing an edge based anomaly detection framework that leverages lightweight deep learning models, specifically designed to operate efficiently on resource constrained edge devices. Literature Review: Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of anomaly detection in CPS, with traditional methods struggling to keep up with the complexity and scale of modern industrial environments. Machine learning and deep learning approaches, particularly hybrid models combining rule based systems and AI, have emerged as effective solutions for real time anomaly detection. Techniques such as model compression, quantization, and pruning are essential for adapting these models to resource limited edge devices while maintaining high detection accuracy and low latency. Materials and Method: The proposed framework integrates deep learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks, optimized for edge computing environments. The datasets used for training and testing include industrial network traffic and sensor anomaly datasets. Model optimization techniques like pruning and quantization were applied to reduce computational overhead and energy consumption on edge devices. Results and Discussion: The framework demonstrated high detection accuracy (AUC of 0.9720) with ultra low latency (0.0019 seconds training time), making it highly suitable for real time anomaly detection in CPS. Resource efficiency was achieved by optimizing the models for edge devices, reducing energy consumption while maintaining performance. The framework also significantly improved security by identifying anomalies early, preventing potential threats to critical infrastructures. Future directions include exploring federated learning to enhance privacy and data sharing across distributed devices.

This study explores how public service innovations in motor vehicle testing, based on Regional Public Service Agencies (BLUD), can improve road safety governance. In regions with rapidly growing motor vehicle populations, inadequate roadworthiness controls contribute to high traffic accident risks. While Indonesia has a regulatory framework for motor vehicle testing, service delivery remains largely administrative and lacks a strong focus on road safety. The study aims to assess how public service innovations can enhance road safety governance through local government-managed vehicle testing based on BLUD. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving local government officials, testing technicians, and service users. Thematic and interpretive data analysis identified governance dimensions that influence service effectiveness. The study finds that road safety governance improvement relies on four main capacities: relational, structural, resource, and adaptive. Although BLUD-based management offers flexibility for service innovation, its implementation has not fully aligned with road safety goals. Challenges remain in public trust, cross-agency coordination, resource availability, and organizational learning. The study concludes that integrating public service innovation with institutional capacity building and safety-focused performance management is essential for strengthening road safety governance. These findings highlight the strategic importance of motor vehicle testing in enhancing road safety and public value at the regional level.

Driving in a straight line is one of the fundamental tasks for autonomous vehicles, but it can become complex and challenging, especially when dealing with high-speed highways and dense traffic conditions. This research aims to explore the Deep-Q Networking (DQN) model, which is one of the reinforcement learning (RL) methods, in a highway environment. DQN was chosen due to its proficiency in handling complex data through integrated neural network approximations, making it capable of addressing high-complexity environments. DQN simulations were conducted across four scenarios, allowing the agent to operate at speeds ranging from 60 to nearly 100 km/h. The simulations featured a variable number of vehicles/obstacles, ranging from 20 to 80, and each simulation had a duration of 40 seconds within the Highway-Env simulator. Based on the test results, the DQN method exhibited excellent performance, achieving the highest reward value in the first scenario, 35.6117 out of a maximum of 40, and a success rate of 90.075%.

Measuring the company level of productivity performance is a very important thing to do to see and evaluate achievements and improvements to productivity levels that are not yet optimal. This case study was taken from the leather bag UKM which is currently experiencing a decline in productivity during the 2020 period. With the increase in working hours, the company must increase workers' overtime costs. In this research, the method used to measure the level of company productivity is the objective matrix or OMAX method and this research refers to the OMAX steps, namely determining productivity criteria on the production line, determining weights, determining levels on the objective matrix, calculating the productivity index, and productivity analysis with a traffic light system. The research results show that the average value of overall productivity in 2020 is 4,388 The highest productivity index was achieved in August amounting to 67,01%. From the traffic light system, it is known that the worst indicator of productivity is the defect factor, so improvements need to be made regarding this.

The implementation of both private and public organizations requires innovation to operate. Because the innovation of motor vehicle tax payment services based on signal applications at the Tanjungpinang city samsat office is a necessity for government organizations, along with increasing public pressure to improve the performance of government agencies in order to solve problems in people's lives through programs and services at the Tanjungpinang city samsat office. The quality of public services is determined by the service provider so that it can be understood that public services serve the community and must be provided adequately in order to meet the factors and indicators that determine the quality of public services. Innovation in government agencies is needed to provide public services through the development of new methods and new resources. Innovation of motor vehicle tax payment services based on signal applications at the samsat office as an E-Government-based public service strategy for vehicle tax payments. E-Government provides public services that can be accessed 24 hours a day, from anywhere, and at any time. E-Government also allows public services to be completed in a non-face-to-face manner, making it a more efficient service. The Indonesian government has realized the tremendous benefits of e- Government since 2003 has issued a policy of implementing e- Government in the form of Presidential Instruction No. 3 Year 2003. Recently, a technology based on the SIGNAL application has emerged that can run on Android and IOS. SIGNAL is a national digital Samsat application that allows Indonesian citizens to certify Annual STNK, Pay Motor Vehicle Tax (PKB), and pay Road Traffic Accident Fund (SWDKLLJ) online by issuing digital documents in the form of electronic certificates and can easily make mandatory contributions to, POLRI, E-TBPKP (Provincial Bapenda), and E-KD, (PT. Jasa Raharja). The implementation of the online system allows people to save more money and time by paying taxes online.

The development of transportation in the city of Semarang, especially in the Banyumanik area, has an impact on increasing the movement of people, stuff and services. this greatly encourages an increase in transportation facilities and infrastructure in the Banyumanik area. An increase in the number of vehicles that is not matched by the development of infrastructure will cause conflicts on the road, especially at intersections or roundabouts. So far, on roads in the Banyumanik area, at certain hours there is often an ineffective traffic rush with road performance being an important infrastructure in transportation. This study used calculations based on MKJI 1997. The data collection was carried out by survey directly at the intersection location in this study determined 5 days and 3 observation sessions every day. It was found that the tirto agung intersection had 322 types of intersection and the highest traffic was on Wednesday 21 June 2023 with a traffic flow value of 3528 pcu/hour, capacity 2722 pcu/hour, degree of saturation 1.296, intersection delay 92.938 sec/pcu, queue probability 69.225% - 143.302%. Based on the research results, the performance value of the Tirto Agung intersection does not meet the 1997 MKJI requirements where the degree of saturation allowed for the unsignalized intersection type is <0.75, it is necessary to have a physical intersection engineering (APILL) or non-physical (Traffic Engineering) at the intersection location.

Abstract.Network anomaly detection is a situation that occurs in network traffic that causes conditions to become abnormal. This research aims to analyze the performance of various machine learning algorithms in network anomaly detection and compare the performance of single classifier algorithms with ensemble learning. This ensemble learning technique has advantages such as increased accuracy and performance, can reduce the risk of overfitting and underfitting by using different subsets and features of data, and can turn weak learning into strong learning. However, on the other hand, this ensemble learning technique also has disadvantages in its use, namely that this ensemble method may not work well with high variance models, as the ensemble method may not be optimized for anomaly detection and that this method can be computationally expensive and time consuming due to the need to train and store multiple models. Some of the techniques used are deep learning, eager learning, lazy learning, bagging, feature selection, boosting, and stacking. In addition to this, this machine learning algorithm has weaknesses, including if any of the data used is incomplete, it will result in inaccurate completion data, making the programming process quite time-consuming. This research can help develop a more effective and efficient network anomaly detection system. The results of this research show that using ensemble learning and feature selection techniques can improve anomaly detection performance by reducing the processing time of redundant data and classification, as well as increasing precision values.    

One of the intersections in the city of Palembang is the Three-way Intersection of Bukit Siguntang, which is a signal-free intersection. This intersection is located in an educational and residential area, connecting Srijaya Negara Street and Demang Lebar Daun Street. The road has a very high volume of vehicles, with traffic flows reaching 45,208 vehicles on Sundays or holidays, 82,124 vehicles on Mondays, and 80,379 vehicles on Wednesdays. Among these three days, Monday is the busiest day with a vehicle count of 84,364. The intersection's performance is evaluated by examining the capacity levels at each approach. The Three-way Intersection of Bukit Siguntang shows a degree of saturation (DS) above 0.85 on all approaches, indicating that the road capacity has reached a saturation level resulting in a service level of D for the intersection, with an average intersection delay of 34.27 seconds/vehicle. To enhance the intersection capacity, several alternatives can be implemented, including road geometric widening and changing the traffic flow policy from two-way single lane to one-way single lane. Simulation of the capacity improvement for the intersection with both alternatives indicates that road geometric widening results in a delay of 24.58 seconds/vehicle, falling within the service level C for the intersection. Meanwhile, changing the traffic flow policy from two-way single lane to one-way single lane results in a delay of 17.39 seconds/vehicle, also falling within the service level C for the intersection.

Reliable and high-performance Internet access is essential to support practical activities in the IBN Lampung Computer Laboratory. Dependence on a single ISP often leads to connection disruptions, reduced service quality, and interruptions in the learning process. This study aims to design and implement a Mikrotik-based load balancing system to improve Internet performance by utilizing two ISP links and providing an automatic failover mechanism when one link becomes unavailable. The research employs the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) approach, which includes network requirement analysis, multi-WAN topology design, implementation of load balancing and failover configurations on Mikrotik, and performance testing. The results show that the load balancing system successfully distributes traffic more evenly, enhances connection stability, and provides more consistent Internet speed. Additionally, the failover mechanism works effectively and ensures service continuity when an ISP experiences downtime. In conclusion, the implementation of a Mikrotik-based load balancing system effectively improves Internet access quality and supports smoother laboratory activities.

Airlines must always improve passenger services on the ground. One of its services is the determination of time or On Time Performance which is a benchmark for the trust of service users who are the choice to travel. There are obstacles that become obstacles in achieving On Time Performance, namely worsening uaca, inadequate airport facilities, traffic and others. This study aims to determine the performance of Ramp Handling in handling aircraft at Wings Air at PT. Merpati Angkasa Abadi at Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin Airport Sumbawa and for 2.knowing the stipulation of aircraft departure time on Wings Air airline At PT. Merpati Angkasa Abadi at Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin Airport Sumbawa. This research is qualitative with data obtained from observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. This research will be conducted in July 2023 at PT. Merpati Angkasa Abadi at Sultan Muhammad Kaharuddin Airport Sumbawa. The result of this study is the performance of Ramp Handling in handling aircraft is to ensure all tools, needs and employees are ready to be positioned with their respective duties, and monitor the weather for the aircraft in order to land. In addition, the Ramp Handling Unit serves as a liaison between operational activities at the facility and operational activities at the terminal. To provide or ensure all activities on the aircraft and in the terminal run properly. The achievement of On Time Performance has been maximally optimized according to the time given by the company for 20 minutes the aircraft while on the ground, the Ramp unit makes excellent use of this time. The achievement of punctuality has been carried out optimally starting from before the plane landed. All jobs such as, helping cabin crew pick up garbage from the plane, communicating with pilots, and communicating with engineers to ensure the condition of the engine to raise passengers into the plane.

A level road intersection is a meeting place for vehicle flows from various directions both towards the intersection and leaving the intersection, so that at the intersection there is the potential for vehicle conflicts to occur which are at the same time at the same point. This causes the vehicle to reduce speed. Reducing vehicle speed at intersections results in the potential for queues and delays. Evaluation of the performance of the intersection needs to be done to find out the current performance of the intersection, so that anticipatory steps can be taken so that the performance of the intersection can be maintained and maintained in good condition. In this study, an analysis of intersection performance will be carried out using the Vissim software. In this study, an assessment of the unsignalized intersection of Pasar Butun, Balikpapan City was carried out. The data needed for input into the model include traffic flow data at rush hour or peak density hours, intersection geometry data. The output or results generated by the model are intersection performance information in the form of queue length and delay time parameters  Degree of Saturation (DS) for the existing condition is 1.70 and for the next 5 years it is 2.20. Parameters of queue length and time delay in existing conditions are 33.0 m and 3.65 sec/pcu and for the next 5 years projection are 87 m and delay time is 187.s/pcu

Drug abuse has become a complex problem faced by Indonesia and of course requires a special strategy and the active role of all parties in its prevention and handling. This is evidenced by the rampant cases of drug trafficking and abuse that occur in villages in Kuantan Singingi, one of which is Seberang Taluk Village, Central Kuantan District. This study aims to see the performance of the Village Government in the Clean Drugs (Bersinar) Village program in Seberang Taluk Village, Central Kuantan District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. In this study, the authors used descriptive qualitative research methods. The researcher uses Dwiyanto's theory where the indicators used in measuring organizational performance use 4 (four) indicators, namely, productivity, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. The results of this study indicate that the distribution and abuse of drugs in Seberang Taluk Village has decreased during the program of the Clean Drugs Village (Bersinar) with a percentage of approximately 80%. However, the implementation of the Shining Village Program still faces several obstacles. Researchers found factors that influence the implementation of this program, which include the problem of limited budget, incompetent human resources, and lack of public self-awareness. Overall, the Seberang Taluk Village Government, Central Kuantan District can be said to have been quite good at implementing the Shining Village program in preventing drug trafficking.

Economic activity becomes a benchmark in the assessment of the community to achieve prosperity, and becomes a supporter and driver of growth in the surrounding area. Vim Village, Abepura District is one of the service activity centers that has a land use that is so complex and strategically located that it triggers various forms of economic activity, becoming an attraction for people to travel for transportation, especially along Jalan Perkutut. This study examines the relationship of micro-economic activities with traffic performance obtained from side barriers, vehicle volume and road capacity. The research methods used to achieve the objectives are quantitative methods and qualitative methods. The quantitative method uses the analysis of the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI, 1997) to obtain vehicle volume, road capacity and traffic performance. The qualitative method uses descriptive analysis that discusses the comparison of the distribution of micro-economic activities that affect side barriers, the comparison of two traffic performance results and spatial planning plans along the Perkutut road. The results showed that the increase in the number of micro-economic activities at night along Jalan Perkutut had an effect on increasing the number of side barriers and the volume of vehicles. In addition, the imbalance in the volume of vehicles and road capacity shows that Perkutut Road traffic performance is experiencing congestion as indicated by the Service Level Index (ITP) with a value of F. Under these conditions, spatial planning for the road network, pedestrian pedestrian arrangement and land use arrangement is needed, especially on microeconomic activities.