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This study aims to analyze The Responsibility of the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) TC. Hilers Maumere regarding the practice of burning medical waste and to examine its conformity with the provisions of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health and other regulations related to hazardous waste management. Medical waste management is an important issue because improper handling may cause environmental pollution and pose serious risks to public health. This research employs an empirical legal research method with a descriptive approach, examining how the law operates in society through field data collection and analysis of relevant legal regulations.The results show that RSUD TC. Hilers Maumere implements a waste management system that includes the separation of household waste, liquid waste, and hazardous and toxic waste (B3). Medical waste is categorized and packaged according to its type, weighed, temporarily stored in medical waste storage facilities, and then destroyed using an incinerator or transported by authorized third parties. However, the practice of burning medical waste must be strictly supervised to prevent environmental impacts and potential legal violations. Therefore, stronger supervision, compliance with medical waste management standards, and the implementation of firm legal responsibility are necessary to protect public health and environmental sustainability.

The problem of illegal temporary shelters (TPS) is one of the serious environmental issues in Jambi City. Danau Sipin District is the district with the highest number of illegal TPS in Jambi City, namely 13 points. This study aims to determine the performance of the Environmental Management, Supervision and Enforcement Division (P3HL) the Jambi City Environmental Service the productivity aspect of the problem of illegal TPS in Danau Sipin District using the theory of public organization performance by Agus Dwiyanto (2006) with primary focus on productivity indicators. This can be seen from the utilization of various inputs such as human resources consisting of 3 field officers, operational facilities in the form of 1 patrol car, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for supervision, as well as clear and easy public reporting mechanisms to produce various outputs in the form of field supervision activities, enforcement of regulations, education and socialization to the public, and follow-up public reports. Although these various activities have been carried out, the limited number of field officers and operational facilities has resulted in the intensity of supervision in the field not being able to be carried out optimally. The conclusion of this study shows that the performance the Environmental Arrangement, Supervision and Law Enforcement Division of the Jambi City Environmental Service in terms of productivity has been running well, but still requires improvement, especially in the addition of human resources and operational facilities so that supervision and enforcement of regulations against illegal TPS can be carried out more optimally.

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) remain one of the public health problems that contribute significantly to high morbidity rates, especially among vulnerable groups. Community health centers, as primary health care facilities, play an important role in recording, reporting, and monitoring cases through surveillance systems. This study aims to determine the description of ARI cases and evaluate the implementation of the ARI surveillance system at the Perumnas Community Health Center from August to October 2025. This study uses a descriptive evaluative approach. The surveillance system evaluation is based on the 5M components, namely man, money, material, method, and machine. Data were obtained through a review of surveillance documents and observation of the implementation of the ARI case recording and reporting system at the health center. The results of the study indicate that ARI is still one of the most common diseases found in the Perumnas Community Health Center's working area. The implementation of ARI surveillance is generally running well, but there are still several obstacles in terms of human resources, supporting facilities, data completeness, and optimization of reporting methods. These conditions affect the quality of the epidemiological information produced. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance system by increasing the capacity of officers, providing supporting facilities, and improving recording and reporting mechanisms so that the implementation of ARI surveillance is more effective and supports disease control efforts.

Globalization have encouraged higher education institutions to undertake internationalization. However, its implementation still faces challenges at the academic, governance, and facilities and infrastructure levels. This study aims to investigate internationalization at the State-owned Islamic Higher Education Institution (PTKIN), specifically at the Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, this study analyzes the relationship between internationalisation strategy and dimensions to internationalisation programs and activities in the university studied. Data were collected through a survey to university and faculty leaders, study program managers, and educational staff. The results show a positive and significant relationship between internationalization strategies and dimensions with internationalization. Other findings demonstrate the consistency of internationalization efforts at UIN Sunan Kalijaga in terms of HEIs governance, academics, research, and student affairs. In addition, this study identified three challenges faced by UIN Sunan Kalijaga as a consequence of changes in internationalization priorities at UIN Sunan Kalijaga, namely budget availability, staff/lecturer competence, and facilities/infrastructure supporting internationalization.This study suggests four recommendations, namely collaboration between institutions, establishment of international classes, provision of supporting facilities and infrastructure, enhancement of the number and amount of budgets for international publication/research, and improvement capacity for lecturers/staff.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the legality and limits of police repressive actions against protests that resulted in riots. This type of research is normative legal research with a legislative approach, a case approach and a conceptual approach. The analysis used in this study is an analytical descriptive technique. The results of the research show that the law is always used as a guideline in limiting all citizens' behavior to stay on the right path. Protests often lead to riots, destruction of public facilities, attacks on officers, and violations of public order, so that there is a criminal threat for protesters who do not maintain order and security. The regulation of police repressive actions in protests that result in chaos still needs special refinement in the context of protests, among which the substance of repressive actions must also harmonize technological developments and digitalization in security maintenance. The rules need to be updated by adding objective indicators of threats, public accountability mechanisms, transparent documentation obligations, measurable proportionality standards, and room for recovery for victims of abuse of power.

Slums are an urban issue that arises due to rapid population growth and the limited capacity of local governments to provide adequate housing and basic infrastructure. This leads to areas with low environmental quality, limited access, poor drainage, and high socio-economic vulnerability. A similar phenomenon occurs in Jambi City, which requires a sustainable handling strategy. This study aims to analyze the strategies implemented by the Department of Public Housing and Settlement Areas of Jambi City in addressing slums and assess their contribution to environmental quality. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to understand the policies, program implementation mechanisms, and institutional challenges. Data was collected through interviews with government officials, field observations, and analysis of planning documents. The results indicate that the strategy focuses on improving basic infrastructure, such as road construction, drainage rehabilitation, and the provision of settlement facilities. This program enhances environmental quality and accessibility but faces challenges such as budget limitations, suboptimal inter-agency coordination, and the socio-economic conditions of the community. Addressing slums requires a more comprehensive approach, including collaborative governance, increased community participation, and adaptive policies to ensure sustainable improvements.

Cassava is one of the strategic agricultural commodities in Indonesia, contributing significantly to national production, particularly in several major producing provinces. In addition to the challenge of declining harvested areas, cassava processing activities also generate agricultural waste that poses environmental risks. In Purwasari Village, Dramaga Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, household-scale cassava processing industries produce solid waste in the form of cassava peels, which are not optimally managed and are commonly discarded in the surrounding environment. This cassava waste has the potential to cause environmental pollution, unpleasant odours, and negative impacts on public health. One sustainable alternative for managing this cassava waste is the use of cassava peels as a raw material for composting. This study aimed to identify problems associated with cassava peel waste and to assess members of the Taruna Tani Millennial Farmer Group's interest in compost production using cassava peels. The research was conducted from December 2024 to June 2025 using a community-based assistance approach. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires involving 20 respondents. The results showed that the main problems associated with cassava peel waste include waste accumulation, limited processing facilities, and low community awareness. Farmers’ interest in cassava peel composting was generally categorized as high, with an average score of 77%, although several indicators remained at a moderate level. Extension activities and hands-on demonstrations were proven to enhance farmers’ understanding, interest, and participation. With sustained educational support and adequate facilities, the use of cassava peel compost has strong potential to promote environmentally friendly, sustainable agricultural waste management.

Measles Rubella (MR) immunization coverage in Indonesia remains below the national target of 95%, with coverage in 2024 reaching only 82.3% and showing a decline compared to the previous year. A lower coverage was observed in the working area of Pekanbaru Kota Public Health Center, where only238 out of 547 eligible children (41.3%) received MR immunization. Low immunization coverage may reduce herd immunity and increase the risk of measles and rubella outbreaks. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing MR immunization uptake among children under five in the working area of Pekanbaru Kota Public Health Center in 2025. This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design involving 40 mothers of children aged 9–60 months selected through accidental sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing maternal knowledge, attitudes, family support, support from health workers, and travel time to health facilities. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-Square test at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that 67.5% of respondents had provided MR immunization to their  children.  Significant associations  were  found  between  maternal knowledge (p = 0.033), maternal attitudes (p = 0.037), family support (p = 0.002), and health worker support (p = 0.015) with MR immunization uptake, while travel time to health facilities was not significantly associated (p = 0.053). In conclusion, maternal knowledge and attitudes, family support, and health worker support are significant factors influencing MR immunization uptake, highlighting the need to strengthen health education and family involvement to improve MR immunization coverage.

This research aims to analyze the criminal liability of perpetrators of arson and destruction of public facilities during demonstrations in Indonesia, as well as to examine the enforcement of criminal law against these crimes based on applicable positive law. However, in practice, demonstrations are often accompanied by anarchic actions in the form of arson and destruction of public facilities that harm the public interest and disrupt public order. The urgency of this research lies in the need to ensure that criminal liability and criminal law enforcement for acts of arson and destruction of public facilities are carried out individually and proportionally in accordance with the provisions of the old Criminal Code and the National Criminal Code, in order to prevent the general application of criminal law to participants in demonstrations. The results of the first study indicate that criminal liability for perpetrators of arson and destruction of public facilities during demonstrations has basically been regulated in the old Criminal Code and then updated in the National Criminal Code, especially regarding the crimes of arson and destruction of property. While the second enforcement of criminal law against these acts requires proportional and individual application, even though it is carried out in the context of collective mass action.

The phenomenon of homelessness and begging in public places remains a complex social problem and impacts public order and legal norms. The main problem in this study is how the criminal law is applied to homelessness and begging in public places, and how the provisions compare in the old Criminal Code and the new Criminal Code based on Law Number 1 of 2023. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and literature study. In the old Criminal Code, begging is regulated in Article 504 which threatens imprisonment for anyone who begs in public. Meanwhile, the new Criminal Code regulates similar acts in Article 425 which no longer uses the term "begging" explicitly, but regulates the prohibition against the repeated exploitation of certain activities in public places that disturb the community. The research results show that, despite substantial continuity, the new Criminal Code tends to use a more humanistic approach and emphasizes social rehabilitation. Law enforcement against vagrants and beggars still faces various obstacles, such as low public reporting, limited oversight by authorities, and a lack of rehabilitation facilities. Therefore, the main conclusion of this research is that a repressive approach alone is insufficiently effective. An integrated legal strategy is needed, combining penal and non-penal approaches with the active involvement of the government, the community, and social institutions.

This study aims to analyse the role of the East Java Provincial Transportation Agency in improving the quality of inter-city bus transportation services within the province (AKDP) based on Soekanto's role theory (in Solahudin et al, 2022), which is reviewed using three indicators: regulatory role, service role, and supervisory role. The research employed a qualitative research method with techniques of interviews, observation, and documentation of the Transportation Agency, Organda, PO owners, drivers and conductors, as well as passengers at Bungurasih Terminal. The results of the study show that in terms of regulation, the Transportation Agency has established tariff policies and Minimum Service Standards (SPM), but these have not functioned optimally as operational guidelines, as reflected in the low transparency of tariff information and the varying quality of the fleet. In terms of service, although safety inspection procedures and service facilities are available, the quality of safety, comfort, terminal facilities, as well as access to information and complaint mechanisms have not been consistently felt by users. In terms of supervision, tariff compliance control and SPM implementation remain weak and tend to be tolerant of irregularities. The main findings indicate a serious gap between normative standards and field practices, resulting in standards losing their coercive power as quality guarantors. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening the enforcement of standards in a firm and consistent manner, increasing the transparency of service and tariff information, and conducting supervision that is oriented towards tangible results for the community.

Quality public service represents a key measure of effective governance, including police administrative services. The Mobile Driving License (SIM Keliling) service is one of the public service innovations in the traffic sector designed to improve accessibility for the community. This study examines the quality of Mobile SIM services delivered by the Traffic Directorate of the East Java Regional Police at Lippo Plaza Sidoarjo. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews with Mobile SIM officers and service users, and documentation. Service quality was analyzed using five dimensions proposed by Luke and Heyns (2020) reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles.The findings reveal that the Mobile SIM service generally performs well. Reliability is evident in the implementation of services in accordance with established procedures, although issues remain regarding service time certainty and transparency of administrative costs. Responsiveness is reflected in the officers’ prompt and attentive responses to public needs during the service process. Assurance is supported by officers’ professionalism, competence, and efforts to safeguard personal data, which enhance public trust. Empathy is demonstrated through friendly behavior, attention to individuals with special needs, and assistance throughout the service process. In terms of tangibles, the service location and main facilities are considered adequate; however, supporting facilities and officer identification still require improvement. In conclusion, while the Mobile SIM service fulfills most service quality indicators, further improvements are needed in time management, administrative transparency, and supporting facilities to achieve more optimal service quality.

This study aims to analyze the influence of customer experience and perceived value on tourist satisfaction among users of the Sidoarjo City Tour Bus as a form of public tourism transportation service. The Sidoarjo City Tour Bus represents a regional government service innovation intended to support tourism development while improving urban tourism accessibility. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method involving tourists who used the Sidoarjo City Tour Bus. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 99 respondents and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The results indicate that customer experience does not have a significant effect on tourist satisfaction, suggesting that the experiences perceived by users are still subjective and not consistently felt by all service users. In contrast, perceived value has a positive and significant effect on tourist satisfaction, making it the most dominant variable in influencing satisfaction among Sidoarjo City Tour Bus users. These findings indicate that tourist satisfaction is more strongly determined by perceptions of benefits, service quality, and the suitability between sacrifices made and benefits received rather than by emotional experience alone. Therefore, this study recommends that the management of the Sidoarjo City Tour Bus and the local government enhance service value through improvements in facilities, information systems and registration processes, as well as optimization of comfort and schedule certainty. These efforts are important to increase tourist satisfaction and to support sustainable tourism development in Sidoarjo Regency.

Public service in the transportation sector plays a strategic role in ensuring public safety and comfort, particularly through roadworthiness testing (Kir) for public transportation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of public services in roadworthiness testing at the Bandar Lampung City Transportation Agency and to identify the factors influencing its service quality. The research employs a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that the roadworthiness testing has been implemented systematically in accordance with statutory regulations, covering the stages of registration, technical inspection, result determination, and administrative completion. The application of technical inspections and on-field safety inspections (ramp checks) demonstrates the local government's commitment to improving public service quality and transportation safety. However, the implementation still faces several obstacles, including technological system disruptions, long waiting times, limited testing facilities and infrastructure, and a lack of understanding among some service users regarding the importance of roadworthiness. This study concludes that enhancing public services in roadworthiness testing requires strengthening the service systems, increasing human resource capacity, and raising public awareness to ensure services operate more effectively and remain oriented toward the public interest

This study examines the effectiveness of the SIPELANDUKILAT program (Population Administration Service System for Border and Remote Areas) in improving population administration services in rural and remote areas of Tanjung Palas Timur District, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. Using qualitative descriptive methods with an inductive approach, data were collected through interviews with 10 informants, direct observation, and documentation. The theoretical framework employs Siagian's (2011) effectiveness theory, assessed through four dimensions: human resources, funds, facilities and infrastructure; quantity and quality of services; time; and procedures. Findings indicate that the program has not yet reached full effectiveness, particularly due to the absence of specialized training for operators, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and the transition from the distributed SIAK system to a centralized SIAK system that rendered offline recording equipment unusable. Supporting factors include qualified human resources, assistance from the Provincial Civil Registry Office, and high community participation. The study recommends that Bulungan Regency accelerate adaptation to the centralized SIAK system, improve facilities and infrastructure, and strengthen inter-agency cooperation to optimize population administration services in remote areas.

In Surabaya City, the City Government through the Transportation Agency developed the Suroboyo Bus and Trans Semanggi programs to address traffic congestion, limited public transportation, and the need for safe, comfortable, and environmentally friendly transportation. However, complaints are still found regarding limited facilities, irregular schedules, and suboptimal communication services, so that service performance evaluation is needed from the user's perspective. This study aims to analyze the performance of Suroboyo Bus and Trans Semanggi public transportation services at the Surabaya City Transportation Agency using five public service performance indicators according to Dwiyanto et al. (2021), namely productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. The approach used is quantitative with the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results of the study show an average expectation score (importance) of 4.18 and a reality score (performance) of 3.86 with an overall gap of -0.32, which means that the performance of Suroboyo Bus and Trans Semanggi services still does not meet public expectations. Through the IPA mapping, three attributes are in Quadrant I (high priority): the friendly and professional attitude of staff, the adequacy of on-board facilities, and the transparency of official information regarding schedules and service changes. A total of 13 attributes are in Quadrant II (maintained), 13 attributes in Quadrant III (low priority), and one attribute in Quadrant IV (excessive).

The implementation of the Health Workload Analysis (ABK Kes) method reveals both strengths and weaknesses, particularly regarding the suboptimal execution of core tasks such as filing and distributing medical records. This study aims to compare the workload of health human resources (SDMK) between primary and advanced healthcare facilities—specifically Banyudono 1 Public Health Center and Indriati Boyolali Hospital—both of which have implemented hybrid medical record systems. Using primary data collected through interviews and observations and analyzed via the ABK Kes method, the results indicate a need for 10 additional staff members in the Casemix Unit at Indriati Boyolali Hospital and 2 additional medical record practitioners at Banyudono 1 Public Health Center. The Available Working Time (WKT) at the Public Health Center was set at 75,000 based on the Minister of PAN-RB Regulation No. 1 of 2020, whereas the Hospital used real-time calculations. While the Public Health Center aligns its policies with Ministry of Health Regulation No. 19 of 2020, the Hospital adjusts its staffing needs based on the ABK Kes results. Given that this method focuses primarily on quantity, future research and development (R&D) should integrate Lean Thinking for process analysis, ABK Kes for capacity, Queueing Theory for dynamic analysis, and NASA-TLX for psychological evaluation to provide a more holistic assessment of staffing needs.

The Tapal Kuda Air Salobar Food Court is one of the culinary areas that plays an important role in supporting tourism and social activities in Ambon City. This area offers a variety of local culinary specialties from Maluku which are an attraction for the community and tourists. However, the increase in the number of visitors and the activities of traders have not been fully balanced by the conditions of adequate spatial planning, facilities, and area management systems. This study aims to analyze the existing condition of the Tapal Kuda Air Salobar Food Court from the aspects of spatial planning, waste management, supporting facilities, as well as the potential and challenges of its development as a culinary tourism destination. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods in the form of field observations and in-depth interviews with key informants, namely area managers, traders, and visitors. The data obtained are analyzed thematically to identify the main problems and potential development of the area. The results of the study indicate that the spatial planning of the Tapal Kuda Air Salobar Food Court has not been able to accommodate the increase in visitor and trader activities due to the lack of clear zoning, limited circulation routes, and spatial planning that develops without integrated planning. Furthermore, waste management in this area is not yet systematic and sustainable, as evidenced by limited trash bins, a lack of waste sorting, and poorly scheduled waste collection. Limited supporting facilities, such as seating and sanitation facilities, also impact the comfort and quality of the visitor experience, especially during peak visitor periods. Nevertheless, the Tapal Kuda Air Salobar Food Court has significant potential as a culinary tourism destination based on local cuisine and a social space, which can be developed through spatial planning, facility improvements, and more integrated area management. This study concludes that the revitalization of the Tapal Kuda Air Salobar Food Court requires a comprehensive approach, emphasizing spatial planning improvements, strengthening waste management, and enhancing the quality of facilities and area management to support the sustainability of culinary tourism and the quality of public spaces in Ambon City.

Mawang Village occupies a strategic position as a buffer zone integrating the administrative center of Gowa Regency with other growth centers, featuring the ecological asset of Lake Mawang, which holds significant potential for ecotourism development. However, a discrepancy exists between spatial planning policies and the actual development of facilities and infrastructure on the ground. This study aims to identify the availability, accessibility, and physical feasibility of regional facilities and infrastructure as a fundamental database for area development. The method employed is descriptive-quantitative with a comparative analysis approach referring to the SNI 03-1733-2004 standards and spatial analysis. The findings indicate that religious and commercial/service facilities exhibit very high service levels with surplus conditions, while basic health facilities and early childhood education remain below minimum service standards. Spatially, the distribution of facilities tends to be concentrated along the main corridor, creating accessibility disparities for residents in inner residential areas. The collector road infrastructure is functionally adequate but lacks pedestrian facilities, while local roads suffer from pavement quality degradation. Furthermore, Lake Mawang, as a primary tourist attraction, still lacks basic supporting facilities. The implications of this research emphasize the need for equitable distribution of health facilities, revitalization of road quality, and the formulation of a comprehensive spatial detail plan for the lake area to achieve sustainable regional development based on local potential.

Traditional markets are an important component of the people’s economy and play a strategic role in supporting trading activities and community social life. The Government of Muaro Jambi Regency implemented a policy to relocate the Sengeti People’s Market to reorganize and improve the quality of trading facilities so they become more orderly, feasible, and representative. However, after relocation, market utilization has not functioned optimally, and various management problems persist. This study aims to analyze traditional market governance after relocation in Muaro Jambi Regency, using the Sengeti People’s Market as a case study. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation, involving informants from the Trade Division of the Office of Cooperatives, SMEs, Industry, and Trade, as well as market managers, traders, and community members. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative techniques, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that post-relocation governance has not been optimally implemented. Key issues include weak policy communication, mismatches between facilities and traders’ needs, limited trader participation, and poor coordination among relevant agencies. The study highlights that successful market relocation depends not only on physical development but also on participatory, transparent, and sustainable governance, supported by stronger institutional coordination, increased trader involvement, and continuous evaluation.